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Topic: Etymology of Al Andalus

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Etymology of Al Andalus

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	Al-Andalus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The etymology of the word "al-Andalus" is uncertain.
		The notion of it originating with the Vandals, who supposedly devastated southern Spain so severely in a mere twenty-two years of tenure (407-429) as to leave their name forever imprinted on it, gained in popularity over time and survives — but it is a theory put forth without much basis, bolstered perhaps by homophony.
		An etymology was advanced recently by H. Halm in "Al-Andalus und Gothica Sors", in Welt des Oriens, vol.
	www.sevenhills.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Al-Andalus (2234 words)

	Al Andalus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Andalus is considered to have ceased to exist with the fall of the last Spanish-Muslim kingdom, the Amirate of Gharnatah(Granada, Spain) in 1492.
		The notion of it originating with the Vandals,who supposedly devastated southern Spain so severely in a mere twenty-two yearsof tenure (407 - 429) as to leave their name foreverimprinted on it, gained in popularity over time and survives — but it is a theory put forth without much basis, bolsteredperhaps by simple onomatopoeia.
		An etymology advanced recently by H. Halm in Al-Andalus und Gothica Sors, en Welt des Oriens, 66, 1989, págs.252-263, and drawn upon by Marianne Barrucand/Achim Bednorz in Arquitectura Islámica en Andalucía, Köln, Taschen, 1992, ps.
	www.therfcc.org /al-andalus-6519.html (1012 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Al-Andalus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		A stream of Jewish philosophers, cross-fertilizing with Muslim philosophers, (see Joint Jewish and Islamic Philosophies) culminated in the most important Jewish thinker of the Middle Ages, Maimonides (1135-1205), though he did not actually do any of his work in Al-Andalus, as, when he was 13, his family fled persecution by the Almohades.
		The notion of it originating with the Vandals, who supposedly devastated southern Spain so severely in a mere twenty-two years of tenure (407-429) as to leave their name forever imprinted on it, gained in popularity over time and survives - but it is a theory put forth without much basis, bolstered perhaps by homophony.
		An etymology was advanced recently by H. Halm in "Al-Andalus und Gothica Sors", in Welt des Orients, vol.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Al-Andalus (3246 words)

	Al-Andalus -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		In Muslim culture, Andalus today is a nostalgic symbol of an earlier "Golden period" of (The monotheistic religion of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran) Islam.
		The name of today's (A region in southern Spain on the Atlantic and the Mediterranean; formerly a center of Moorish civilization) Andalusia (Spanish: Andalucía) comes from "Al-Andalus", as this southern province was among the last territories to pass from Moorish to Spanish Christian hands.
		The (The study of the sources and development of words) etymology of the word "al-Andalus" is uncertain.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/al/al-andalus1.htm (1032 words)

	al andalus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		As the territory was slowly re-conquered by Christians fighting from northern enclaves, the name came to refer only to the Muslim-dominated lands, with an ever-southward-moving frontier.
		In 711 AD, a "Moorish" Islamic army invaded Visigoth Christian Spain.
		An etymology advanced recently by H. Halm in Al-Andalus und Gothica Sors, en Welt des Oriens, 66, 1989, págs.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /al_andalus.html (1098 words)

	Chapter 10: Irrigation and Society in Medieval Spain
		There seem to have been, thus, two models for the medieval Christian organization of irrigation administration: a cellular one, based on irrigation communities with their own elected officials, and [200] a centralized one, in which irrigation administration was a branch of a higher jurisdiction, typically that of the town.
		In the caliphate of the Andalusí Umayyads, various of these magistracies subordinate to the qadâ', all with the title of sâhib, came to play an important role in municipal life.
		Even though no direct evidence can be brought to bear upon the Andalusí sâhib al-sâqiya, therefore, comparison with other officials of similar name, procedure, and jurisdiction makes possible an educated guess concerning the nature of the office.
	libro.uca.edu /irrigation/irrigation10.htm (3194 words)

	Encyclopedia: Al-Andalus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Quran (Arabic: al-qurÄn literally the recitation; also called Al QurÄn Al KarÄ«m or The Noble Quran; or transliterated Quran, Koran, and less commonly Alcoran) is the holy book of Islam.
		In historical linguistics, etymology is the study of the origins of words.
		The Vandals were an East Germanic tribe that entered the late Roman Empire during the 5th century and created a state in North Africa, centered on the city of Carthage.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Al_Andalus (9116 words)

	Bethlehem University - Academic Programs - Faculty of Art - Arabic
		Students will study in this course Arabic grammar under the following headings: etymology, inflection and derivation, parts of speech, word formation, temporal structure of the verb, gender in nouns, division of the noun according to number, diminution and attribution, i'lal, ibdal, idgham, the relative adjective, pronouns, modes of the verb and conjugation.
		In this course students will study Arabic grammar under the following headings: diptotes, declension of nouns, nominal sentences, verbal sentences, the subject and the predicate, the weak verb, complements to the verbal sentence, requests, conditional sentences, the vocative, "exclamations" and oaths, the forms expressive of surprise or wonder, and practical applications of grammatical analysis.
		This course deals with the general features of the cultural and literary life in al-Andalus in the different periods to help the student to be acquainted with the aspects of the Andalusian literature.
	www.bethlehem.edu /programs/art/arabic.shtml (2493 words)

	Al Andalus articles and news from Start Learning Now (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The word is popularly thought to be derived from the Vandals, the Germanic tribesGermanic tribe who settled in southern Iberia and Northern Africa.
		The notion of it originating with the Vandals, who supposedly devastated Spain#Geographysouthern Spain so severely in a mere twenty-two years of tenure (407-429) as to leave their name forever imprinted on it, gained in popularity over time and survives - but it is a theory put forth without much basis, bolstered perhaps by Homonymhomophony.
		The first, the Vandal link, is largely disregarded now, and the question of the origin of the Arabic languageArabic name, given to the entire peninsula, is still open to debate.
	www.startlearningnow.com /Al-Andalus.htm (3148 words)

	Andalusia (Andalucía in Spanish) is one of the seventeen autonomous communities that constitute Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		In Muslim culture, Andalus today is a nostalgic symbol of an earlier "Golden period" of
		Andalus is considered to have ceased to exist with the fall of the last Spanish-Muslim kingdom, the Amirate of Gharnatah (
		An etymology was advanced recently by H. Halm in Al-Andalus und Gothica Sors, in Welt des Oriens, 66, 1989, pp 252-263, and drawn upon by Marianne Barrucand/Achim Bednorz in
	www.nyoka.de /Andalusia.htm (3067 words)

	Topics Relating To The Qur'an: I'jaz, Grammarians & Jews
		Muslim scholars and grammarians have systematically analyzed the pre-Islamic (or jahiliyyah) poetry and compared it with the Qur'an and tested whether the concept of I'jaz is true.
		Her conclusion is that the Qur'an, being neither prose nor verse, is a literary genre of its own that is of the highest eloquence and of matchless stylistic perfection.
		Alî bin Rabban at-Tabarî who was Nestorian Christian, and at the age of 70 converted to Islam, asserts that he has never in any language found stylistic perfection equaling that of the Qur'an:
	www.islamic-awareness.org /Quran/Miracle/ijaz1.html (3321 words)

	Slavery
		Because of this, the word for slave in numerous European languages is derived from the word for Slavs—the English word being a clear example.
		The etymology of the word slave comes from the Byzantine Greek word ‘sklabos’ meaning "Slav".
		Slavery in the ancient Mediterranean cultures was a mixture of debt-slavery, slavery as a punishment for crime, and the enslavement of prisoners of war.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/s/sl/slavery.html (5933 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		This gloss should be understood as the etmyological origin of the name; we do not know the extent to which is would have been apparent to a late-period Persian.
		Etymologies of names are significant in some cultures, irrelevant in others [6].
		We also aren't sure this etymology is correct: Another source glosses it "God's friend" [7].
	www.panix.com /~gabriel/public-bin/showfinal.cgi/3007.txt (679 words)

	Ch29 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Al Zahrawi and Ibn Hayyay (eleventh century) also mention it.
		Sowing quantities and manuring and irrigation requirements also appear and are dealt with in great detail by the author.
		Other authors support an Arabic etymology, from abu = father and rash = sweat, because of the sudorific property of its flowers.
	www.fao.org /docrep/t0646e/T0646E0t.htm (6244 words)

	ISLAMIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCIENCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		In the first half of the ninth century, exponent numerals including the zero is used in preference to letters by al- Khwarizmi.
		Among al-Majriti titles were al- hisab or the mathematician, for he was considered the leader in mathematical knowledge.
		Son of Caliph Harun al- Rashid, he encouraged on holding disputes in court on logical, legal, and grammar (Rahman 182).
	web.umr.edu /~msaumr/reference/articles/science/contribution.html (2503 words)

	Andalusian Cookbook Footnotes
		Alternatively, one might read "hâl" for "hîlaj," to give "cardamom;" admittedly an extreme emendation, but I can't see why myrobalan, a bland fruit of the plum family, would be called for among the spices, and hîlaj in itself would be a highly irregular variant of halîlaj.
		"Fidaush" is the word found in modern Spanish as "fideos." The etymology is disputed; it has been traced to a diminutive of Latin filum, "string," although that would have given a word beginning with h instead of f in Spanish.
		The fact that this the earliest recipe known is for little orzo-like soup noodles or thin flat sheets weakens the theory further.
	www.daviddfriedman.com /Medieval/Cookbooks/Andalusian/andalusian_footnotes.htm (6136 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Contribucion de la linguistica historica al conocimiento del medievo albojense.
		Al- Qantara: Revista de Estudios Arabes, 11(2), 429- 460.
		DeMiller, A.L. Syntax and semantics of the Form II Modern Standard Arabic verb.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/cmcl/link.iwarp/ccom/member/OldFiles/tomstr/Mac2/afs-iwarp-tomstr/Mac/Michigan/celia-ftp/linguistics/texts/biblio/arablingbib.txt (12507 words)

	Z^òõ [XI:496b] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		This correction appears in a horoscope cast in Cordova and dated 328/940, and it has the effect of reducing the length of the Mediterranean to a much more reasonable value than was implied by Ptolemy.
		The former was probably a disciple of Ibn al-
		seems to be the main source of the astronomical tables prepared in the 14th century for King Peter IV of Aragon (Chabas, Astronomía andalusí en Cataluña: las Tablas de Barcelona, in Vernet Festschrift, i, 477-525).
	www.encislam.brill.nl /data/EncIslam/C8/COM-1388.html (5576 words)

	Al-Andalus Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Looking For al andalus - Find al andalus and more at Lycos Search.
		Find al andalus - Your relevant result is a click away!
		Look for al andalus - Find al andalus at one of the best sites the Internet has to offer!
	www.merica.com /encyclopedia/Al-Andalus (3459 words)

	Words Without Borders -> The Culture of Translation
		So I learned Arabic--and I am amused, many years later, at my own naiveté--so that I could "prove" that the poetic revolution of eleventh- and twelfth-century Languedoc had its roots in the flourishing bilingual Andalusian song traditions of more or less the same time period.
		The first article I ever published was on the much-disputed etymology of "troubadour"--which in fact has a perfectly plausible Arabic etymon, perhaps two.
		The apparent mystery of where the Provençal "trobar" comes from--this was one of the classic unsolved etymologies in the field of Romance philology--is not so great a mystery if the Arabic taraba, "to sing, to entertain by singing," is considered.
	www.wordswithoutborders.org /article.php?lab=Culture (2651 words)

	Sean Hannity Discussion - The ''Resistance''
		The very same term used by Osama bin Laden or Abu Musa'ab al Zarqawi to describe their groups would be used to describe Saladin and the army he led against the invading Franks and Normans.
		In 1942, Hassan al BANNA established additional branches of the Muslim Brotherhood in Transjordan and Palestine and moved the Syrian headquarters to Damascus in 1944.
		Consequently, the Muslim Brotherhood was banned and Al BANNA was later killed by government agents in Cairo in February 1949.
	www.hannity.com /forum/archive/index.php/t-529.html (17508 words)

	Online Etymology Dictionary
		Spain ruled Flanders for many years, and King Carlos I brought with him to Madrid an entire Flemish court.
		One etymology suggests the dance was so called from the bright costumes and energetic movements, which the Sp.
		Al Andalus, name for the entire peninsula, from L.L. *Vandalicia "the country of the Vandals," in ref. to one of the Germanic tribes that overran the Western Empire.
	www.etymonline.com /index.php?search=entire&searchmode=phrase (1235 words)

	Alternate Names for the Americas - AlternateHistory.com Discussion Board
		'Western land' (Al-Maghrib) is already taken for NW Africa, and I don't think 'New Maghrib' or 'New Andalus' or anything similar would be their style.
		That's my favorite, as even though it's Irish, it lends itself to a credible Phoenician etymology: 'Y BRZL or "Island of Iron." It was "officiallly" discovered by an Irish sea captain in 1671, who claimed that it was populated by rabbits and an old wizard who kept to himself in a castle.
		The wizard told the captain that the spell which had concealed the island from the eyes of mortals had been broken.
	www.alternatehistory.com /discussion/showthread.php?t=8484 (431 words)

	al- -A\|$LIBA [VIII:872b] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Of the other tribes and their rulers, almost all of whom are to be found in the Central European Slavic lands, al-
		These persons, who had come as children into the service of the state, received a good “technical” and intellectual education, and were used as domestic attendants, court officials, soldiers and administrators, reaching the highest levels in all these spheres.
		But their plans were frustrated by the ministers al-
	www.encislam.brill.nl /data/EncIslam/C8/COM-0978.html (6169 words)

	SHAYKH AL-ISLAM - MUHADDITH AL A'ZAM MISSION, SILSILA QADIRIYA-CHISTIYA-ASHRAFIYA
		Tahafut al-Falasifa declaring the disbelief of the philosophers, to which the qadi of Andalus Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd al-Maliki responded with Tahafut al-Tahafut.
		Shaykh Nur al-Din ‘Itr adopts this latter position: "The last word on this subject is to prohibit hadith narration in the sense of meaning only, because the narrations have all been compiled in the manuals of hadith, eliminating the need for such a dispensation."
		A generation after al-Ghazzali’s death, the Ihya’ was burnt in Andalus upon the recommendation of the qadi Ibn Hamdayn who was named Commander of the Believers in Qurtuba in 539 then fled to Malaga where he died in 548.
	www.islam786.com /articles5.htm (14261 words)

	Macaroni - Footnotes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Today there are words for hard wheat in Arabic and Berber, such as the name tourki in the Fezzan and amekkaoui in the Haggar of the Sahara, see Erroux, J., Les blés des oasis Sahariennes, Algiers: Université d’Alger, Institut de Recherches Sahariennes, n.d., p.
		This al-Razi is not the famous doctor known as Rhazes in the West.
		This section is derived from Wright, Clifford A., "Cucina Arabo-Sicula and Maccharruni," Al- Mashaq: Studia Arabo-Islamica Mediterranea, vol.
	www.cliffordawright.com /history/mac_notes.html (2458 words)

	Did you know: Food History
		Rodinson too believes that the artichoke develops from the cardoon as evidenced by his question as to whether the artichoke was developed by the Christians or Muslims.
		In any case the etymology of the Spanish, Provençal and French indicates an original Arab-Spanish introduction.
		Watson's detailed research on the diffusion of the artichoke has still left him uncomfortable about including the artichoke in his book on Arab agricultural diffusion.
	www.cliffordawright.com /history/artichoke.html (1676 words)

	Grapes add 'aah' to this gazpacho \| csmonitor.com
		My wife, Eva, and I sometimes make a big breadless batch in the summer and leave it in the refrigerator in pitchers to drink from glasses like a hearty juice.
		According to "Larousse Gastronomique," the authoritative culinary encyclopedia, the word gazpacho comes from the Arabic meaning "soaked bread." Not everyone, though, agrees with such straightforward etymology.
		Food scholar Clifford Wright, in his referential tome on the histories of Mediterranean cuisines, "A Mediterranean Feast," says that etymologists believe it comes from the word "carpa," meaning "residue" or "fragments" and borrowed from the Mozarabs (Christians who lived under Muslim rule in Spain).
	www.csmonitor.com /2002/0710/p21s01-lifo.htm (965 words)

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