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Topic: Eucynodonts

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	Eucynodontia
		This overview is concentrated on the proto-mammals, which are known from the Lower Triassic until the Lower Cretaceous.
		Further non-mammalian eucynodonts are known, though the structure followed here is probably in need of review.
		The non-mammalian eucynodonts became progressively more mammal-like, and the anatomical distinctions between the more derived forms and the earliest mammals, are best described as matters of degree.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/eu/Eucynodontia.html (1343 words)

	Eucynodontia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This overview is concentrated on the proto-mammals, which are known from the Lower Triassic until the Lower Cretaceous, both divisions of the Mesozoic era ("the age of the Dinosaurs").
		Further non-mammalian eucynodonts are known, though the structure followed here is probably in need of review.
		The non-mammalian eucynodonts became progressively more mammal-like, and the anatomical distinctions between the more derived forms and the earliest mammals are best described as matters of degree.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eucynodont (1389 words)

	Digimorph - Ecteninion lunensis (fossil eucynodont)
		Ecteninion was discovered in 1988 during a joint Argentine-American expedition to the arid badlands of the Valley de la Luna in Ischigualasto Provincial Park.
		It is one of several important species of extinct eucynodonts that were discovered during this expedition, and it is reportedly the first relatively complete skull of a carnivorous cynodont from South America.
		Other eucynodonts (including both carnivorous and herbivorous forms) known from the Triassic of Argentina and featured on this site include Probainognathus, Probelesodon, and Exaeretodon.
	digimorph.org /specimens/Ecteninion_lunensis (467 words)

	Digimorph - Ecteninion lunensis (fossil eucynodont)
		Ecteninion was discovered in 1988 during a joint Argentine-American expedition to the arid badlands of the Valley de la Luna in Ischigualasto Provincial Park.
		It is one of several important species of extinct eucynodonts that were discovered during this expedition, and it is reportedly the first relatively complete skull of a carnivorous cynodont from South America.
		This specimen was made available to the University of Texas High-Resolution X-ray CT Facility for scanning by Dr.
	www.digimorph.org /specimens/Ecteninion_lunensis (447 words)

	Mammal: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Mammal
		Mammals belong among the amniotes, and in particular among a group called the synapsids, distinguished by the shape of their skulls.
		They developed from therapsids, more specifically the eucynodonts[?], 220 million years ago during the Triassic period.
		During the Meosozic[?] period they diversified into the three main groups found today, i.e.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ma/Mammal.html (406 words)

	Mesozoic Eucynodonts, Vocabulary
		It developed amongst non-mammalian eucynodonts and eventually replaced the articular-quadrate joint, which is found in other vertebrates.
		In basal mammals and non-mammalian eucynodonts, the postcanines weren't clearly differentiated.
		In terms of this project, this taxon is composed of eucynodonts and more basal relatives, with one of the earliest known being Procynosuchus.
	home.arcor.de /ktdykes/vocab.htm (6558 words)

	Digimorph - Exaeretodon frenguelli (fossil eucynodont)
		Exaeretodon frenguelli is a member of Eucynodontia, a lineage that includes mammals and their closest extinct relatives.
		As with the other eucynodonts (Probainognathus, Probelesodon, and Ecteninion) and the oldest-known dinosaurs (Eoraptor and Herrerasaurus) featured on this site, Exaeretodon was collected from the late Triassic sediments of Argentina.
		Exaeretodon is at the heart of a controversy as to which eucynodonts are the closest extinct relatives of mammals.
	digimorph.org /specimens/Exaeretodon_frenguelli (472 words)

	Digimorph - Exaeretodon frenguelli (fossil eucynodont)
		Exaeretodon frenguelli is a member of Eucynodontia, a lineage that includes mammals and their closest extinct relatives.
		As with the other eucynodonts (Probainognathus, Probelesodon, and Ecteninion) and the oldest-known dinosaurs (Eoraptor and Herrerasaurus) featured on this site, Exaeretodon was collected from the late Triassic sediments of Argentina.
		Exaeretodon is at the heart of a controversy as to which eucynodonts are the closest extinct relatives of mammals.
	www.digimorph.org /specimens/Exaeretodon_frenguelli (458 words)

	An Upper Triassic Ramble - part 2
		These animals are eucynodonts, ‘true dog teeth’, and so am I. Eucynodonts include mammals and their nearest non-mammalian relatives.
		We eucynodonts are probably the only synapsids to have survived beyond about 225 million years before my birth.
		Among the more common of the local eucynodonts are three species of herbivores known as haramiyids.
	www.franceforfreebooters.com /parksmuseums/triassic2.htm (4606 words)

	Synapsid
		The remaining Mesozoic synapsids were small, ranging from the size of a shrew, to the badger-like Repenomamus.
		From synapsids came the first mammal precursors, therapsids, and more specifically the eucynodonts, 220 million years ago (mya) during the Triassic period.
		The hole in the synapsid head allows the attachment of larger lower jaw muscles.
	encyclopedie-en.snyke.com /articles/synapsid.html (341 words)

	MESOZOIC EUCYNODONTS: Genus index (so far):
		This is a bit more understandable than for Sunnydown, as the eucynodonts haven't yet been described.
		Yahoo Mesozoic Eucynodonts Group, a virtual space for info trading, requires membership.
		Further summaries are available at: Mesozoic Eucynodonts, Location Summaries.
	home.arcor.de /ktdykes/meseucaz.htm (2225 words)

	World Family Tree
		Little does Daughter McGuire know that her own courage will soon be tested in a new school, making new friends, and keeping clear of troublemakers like the Avengers.
		Mammals belong among the amniotes, and in particular to a group called the synapsids, distinguished by the Japanese "It is a well-known fact that war, any war, is senseless and degrading.
		Within this group they developed from the therapsidss, and more specifically the eucynodonts, 220 million years ago during the Triassic period.
	ph10.maurydigest.com /worldfamilytree.html (1266 words)

	Biology 356 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A closed secondary palate (absent in galesaurids, which may be the sister-group of thrinaxodontids and eucynodonts).
		Procynosuchus and some other early cynodonts had an incomplete secondary palate that was open in the midline.
		Eucynodonts are a large group of cynodonts more closely related to mammals than to Thrinaxodon.
	www.erin.utoronto.ca /~w3bio356/lectures/therio.html (5926 words)

	Mammal - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The thickness of this layer varies widely from species to species.
		From synapsids came the first mammal precursors, therapsids, and more specifically the eucynodonts, 220 million years ago during the Triassic period.
		Pre-mammalian ears began evolving in the late Permian to early Triassic to their current state, as three tiny bones (incus, malleus, and stapes) inside the skull; accompanied by the transformation of the lower jaw into a single bone.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Mammal (1379 words)

	How to become rich dotcom
		The message forthcame and the reply was won by Mr Edward George of Lagos, Nigeria.
		Should anybody be interested in the Mesozoic, especially mammals and other eucynodonts; should anyone be searching for unusual humour:
		If How to Become Rich Dotcom has provided entertainment or warned you from being defrauded, thanks can be sent via Paypal.
	www.how-to-become-rich-dotcom.de (8834 words)

	Mesozoic Mammals (etc), quick answers to quick questions
		Going a couple of hundred million years further back, basal mammals leapt upon insects, grubs and worms with enthusiasm, (eg.
		Morganucodon), and seem to be descendants of meat-eating, non-mammalian eucynodonts.
		They mostly weren't, but some of the later ones would have been.
	www.geocities.com /trevor_dykes/questions.htm (672 words)

	Literature - Synapsida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		ABDALA F. (1995): The familiy Chinquodontidae and its relationships among Eucynodonts.
		MARTINEZ R.N., MAY C.L. and FORSTER C.A. (1996): A new carnivorous cynodont from the Ischigualsto Formation (late Triassic, Argentinia), with comments on eucynodont phylogeny.
		ZIEGLER A.C. (1969): A Theoretical Determination of Tooth Succession in the Therapsid
	www.students.uni-mainz.de /fastm000/Literatur/Synapsida.html (781 words)

	Mammal origins
		Thrinaxodon; click on Tim Rowe's CAT scan images of a
		Eucynodonts and the origin of mammals from Toby White's "Vertebrate Notes"
		Mammals originated 210 Ma in Late Triassic [Fig.
	users.tamuk.edu /kfjab02/Biology/Mammalogy/biology_4429_ch_4a.htm (457 words)

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