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	Antoniadi, Eugène Michael (1870-1944) (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Antoniadi claimed to have seen local obscurations which he thought were due to material suspended in a thin Mercurian atmosphere.
		Antoniadi, E. La Planète Mars: étude basée sur les resultats obtenus avec la grande lunette de l'observatoire de Meudon et expose analytique de l'ensemble des travaux éxécutés sur cet astre depuis 1659.
		Antoniadi, E. La Planète Mercure et la rotation des satellites; étude basée sur les resultats obtenus avec la grande lunette de l'observatoire de Meudon.
	www.daviddarling.info.cob-web.org:8888 /encyclopedia/A/Antoniadi.html (432 words)

	Antoniadi, Eugène Michael (1870-1944)
		The lower one is by Antoniadi and based on his observations of 1909, 1911, 1924 and 1926, shows no signs of the canals.
		Antoniadi was also a regular observer of the inner planets, Mercury and Venus, and his La Planète Mercure et la Rotation des Satellites (Paris, 1934) was the only work on this subject for two decades.
		In it, he published the most detailed pre-Space Age map of Mercury based on the assumption, first made by Schiaparelli, that the planet always keeps the same face toward the Sun (see Mercury, rotation) – an assumption now known to be false.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/A/Antoniadi.html (432 words)

	Antoniadi (lunar crater) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Antoniadi is a large lunar impact crater that lies on the southern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon.
		Attached to the eastern rim of Antoniadi is the Numerov crater, another large, ancient crater similar to Minnaert.
		Antoniadi is one of the few craters on the Moon that possesses both a second inner ring and a central peak.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antoniadi_(lunar_crater) (304 words)

	A Mars Timeline: 1700 to 1959 - Explore the Cosmos \| The Planetary Society
		Antoniadi performed Mars observations during the early part of the 20th century.
		Turkish-born astronomer Eugene Michael Antoniadi (1870-1944) observes the opposition of Mars at the Meudon Observatory.
		Antoniadi's conclusion that "the geometrical canal network is an optical illusion" greatly lessens support for the canal hypothesis.
	www.planetary.org /explore/topics/timelines/mars_1700-1959.html (5276 words)

	The Planet Mars: A History of Observation and Discovery. Chapter 9: Opposition 1909. University of Arizona Press.
		Antoniadi was a remarkably talented draftsman, and his drawings attracted immediate attention; Flammarion was so impressed that he invited Antoniadi to visit him at Juvisy in 1893, and promptly hired him as an assistant.
		For a modest salary of 300 francs a month, Antoniadi was expected to observe six nights a week, usually with Flammarion's fine 9-inch (23-cm) Bardou refractor, and to copy all his observations into the official records of the observatory.
		Antoniadi would leave his residence in Paris, travel to Meudon, and ascend to the observatory by means of a tower so that he could reach the dome without having to pass through Flammarion's private quarters.
	www.uapress.arizona.edu /onlinebks/mars/chap09.htm (4436 words)

	The Mediadrome - Poems of the Week: Mars
		Even at the height of the popularity of the Martian canals theory around the turn of the century there were a few experienced and keen sighted observers who would have none of it.
		Eugene Antoniadi (1870 – 1944) was one such astronomer, blessed with acute vision and with access to the finest telescopes in Europe, situated at altitudes where atmospheric 'seeing' conditions were at their best.
		Antoniadi maintained that Lowell had been on the verge of seeing true fine detail but he ended up 'joining the dots'.
	www.themediadrome.com /content/articles/words_articles/poems_mars.htm (1454 words)

	Astronomical naming conventions - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Martian nomenclature was clarified in 1958, when a committee of the IAU recommended for adoption the names of 128 albedo features (bright, dark, or colored) observed through ground-based telescopes (IAU, 1960).
		These names were based on a system of nomenclature developed in the late 19th century by the Italian astronomer Giovanni V. Schiaparelli (1879) and expanded in the early 20th century by Eugene M. Antoniadi (1929), a Greek-born astronomer working at Meudon, France.
		The famous Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 was the ninth comet jointly discovered by Carolyn Shoemaker, Eugene Shoemaker, and David Levy, but its systematic name is D/1993 F2 (it was discovered in 1993 and the prefix "D/" is applied, since it was observed to crash into Jupiter.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Astronomical_naming_conventions (2480 words)

	Antoniadi, Eugène Marie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		There was at that time widespread belief that there was an intricate pattern of canals on the surface of Mars suggestive of advanced technology, as proposed 1877 by Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli.
		Antoniadi suggested that the canals were also an optical illusion, produced by the eye's linking of many tiny surface details into an apparently meaningful pattern.
		Antoniadi's later work included research into the behaviour and properties of Mercury (published in La planète Mercure/The Planet Mercury 1934).
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/biographies/MainBiographies/A/Antoniadi/1.html (179 words)

	Eugène Michel Antoniadi
		Eugène Michel Antoniadi (1870 –; February 10, 1944) was a Turkish-born Greek astronomer who spent most of his life in France.
		He became a highly reputed observer of Mars, and at first supported the notion of Martian canals, but after using the 83-centimeter telescope at Meudon Observatory during the 1909 opposition of Mars, he came to the conclusion that canals were an optical illusion.
		A crater on Mars and the Antoniadi crater on the Moon were named in his honor.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/new/EugeneMAntoniadi.html (195 words)

	craters of Mars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		But Eugene M. Antoniadi, using the great 33-inch refractor at Meudon, and Barnard and Mellish using the great 40-inch Yerkes refractor, all claimed to have resolved Lowell's canal network into discrete detail.
		There is an intriguing drawing of Mars made by Eugene M. Antoniadi in 1926 which gives his idea of what Mars would look like from one of its moons.
		Antoniadi depicts several lunar-like craters that interestingly enough (given the positional accuracy involved) coincide with several craters discovered subsequently by the Mariner spacecraft.
	www.brayebrookobservatory.org /BrayObsWebSite/HOMEPAGE/forum/cratersonmars.html (4340 words)

	Imago Mundi - Eugène Antoniadi.
		Antoniadi (Eugenios Mihail, dit Eugène -), astronome né à Constantinople (auj.
		C'est l'époque de la grande vogue des canaux, et déjà Antoniadi se montre suspicieux quant à leur réalité.
		En 1902, Antoniadi, qui s'entend mal avec Flammarion, quitte la SAF pour séjourner quelque temps en Angleterre, et même en Turquie, où il est autorisé à publier le premier Atlas photographique de Sainte-Sophie.
	www.cosmovisions.com /Antoniadi.htm (453 words)

	"Mars Before the Space Age" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Eugene Antoniadi had charted canals in 1894 using small telescopes.
		Canals - which Antoniadi dubbed "hideous lines" - replaced natural-appearing spots and streaks only when the Earth's atmosphere grew turbulent and distorted the view.
		Antoniadi reported his results by letter to Percival Lowell, who remained stubbornly unmoved.
	members.aol.com /dsfportree/astronmars.htm (1508 words)

	Bob Gardner's "Mar's, Here We Come!" Talk, Section 1 (2003 version)
		Two contemporaries of Lowell, Edward Barnard and Eugene Antoniadi, were the leading adversaries to Lowell's Martian canals.
		Antoniadi became convinced that Lowell's canals were an illusion.
		He was the first to understand the true nature of Mars' deserts and his drawings were very similar to the early photos retrieved by the Mariner and Viking spacecraft.
	www.etsu.edu /physics/etsuobs/starprty/032099bg/section1a.htm (1560 words)

	Mars Then and Now
		A hot debate topic of the late 1800s, several prominent astronomers including Percival Lowell not only claimed to see an extensive system of long straight canals on Mars, but used them to indicate that intelligent life exists there.
		The above map was originally prepared by Eugene Antoniadi and redrawn by Lowell Hess for the book Exploring Mars, by Roy A. Gallant.
		Comparison of the two images shows that large features were impressively recorded, but that an extensive system of long and straight canals just does not exist.
	www.astronet.ru /db/xware/msg/1194973 (209 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: Crater Baldet
		This is likely not yet the case for the dunes in this crater and their appearance is therefore expected to change with time.
		Crater Baldet overlaps the rim of the larger crater Antoniadi, which lies to the west, just outside this image on the left.
		Crater Antoniadi is more than twice as big as Baldet with a diameter of 394 km and its centre lies at 60.8° E, 21.3° N. It is named after Eugène Marie Antoniadi, a Turkish-born French astronomer (1870-1944).
	hubble.esa.int /science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=39469 (357 words)

	An Introduction to Planetary Drawing
		If you can employ similar magnification or a little lower but there are occasional periods of less stable seeing then your seeing would correspond to II on Antoniadi's scale and 7-8 on ALPO's scale, or very good seeing.
		If you are able to only employ medium magnifications, say between 20x to 30x per inch of aperture, your seeing would correspond to III on Antoniadi's scale and 5-6 on ALPO's scale, or good seeing.
		If you are observing and using between 20x to 30x per inch of aperture or less but only occasional glimpses of detail then your seeing would correspond to IV on Antoniadi's scale and 3-4 on ALPO's scale, or fair seeing.
	www.cloudynights.com /item.php?item_id=409 (3357 words)

	An Introduction to Planetary Drawing
		One was developed by Eugene Antoniadi, a well-known planetary observer.
		If you can employ similar magnification or a little lower but there are occasional periods of less stable seeing then your seeing would correspond to II on Antoniadi's scale and 7-8 on ALPO's scale.
		If you are able to only employ medium magnifications, say between 20x to 30x per inch of aperture, your seeing would correspond to III on Antoniadi's scale and 5-6 on ALPO's scale.
	www.cloudynights.com /item.php?item_id=408 (3020 words)

	Schiaparelli, Giovanni (Virginio) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Italian astronomer who drew attention to linear markings on Mars, which gave rise to popular belief that they were canals.
		These markings were soon shown by French astronomer Eugène Antoniadi to be optical effects and not real lines.
		Schiaparelli also gave observational evidence for the theory that all meteor showers are fragments of disintegrating comets.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/S/Schiaparelli/1.html (201 words)

	.:: Vallis Alpes : Solar System - Mercury ::.
		It would therefore keep one face turned permanently towards the Sun, as the Moon does to the Earth.
		In the 1920s, the Greek-born astronomer Eugene Antoniadi compiled a map showing smudgy markings on the surface of Mercury based on an assumed 88-day rotation period.
		This map seemed to settle the matter once and for all.
	www.apsylus.com /vallis-alpes/mercury.html (1083 words)

	The Planet Mars: A History of Observation and Discovery. Chapter 5: 1877. University of Arizona Press.
		So, most notably, did the skilled Greco-French astronomer Eugène Michael Antoniadi, who between 1924 and 1929 carried out a careful study of Mercury with the 33-inch (83-cm) refractor at Meudon Observatory, near Paris.
		As for his successors, their results demonstrate only too clearly that once a definite expectation is established, it is inevitable that subsequent observers will see what they expect to see, refining their expectations in a continuing process until finally everyone sees an exact and detailed---but ultimately fictitious---picture.
		Even Antoniadi was misled; ironically, by the time he began his study of Mercury, the same features had returned to the disk that had been present for Schiaparelli's observations.
	www.uapress.arizona.edu /onlinebks/mars/chap05.htm (5213 words)

	History Mars Exploration
		This conclusion brought public scrutiny and sparked the imagination of everybody, except other astronomers.
		Later, in 1930 using better equipment than Lowell, Eugene Michael Antoniadi made his own maps which he was careful to draw only during the best conditions.
		He saw that when viewed in greater detail most of what was thought to be canals were actually areas on the planet that are easily misrepresented under poor viewing conditions.
	home.earthlink.net /~lcasp426/mars/history.htm (932 words)

	[No title]
		Scala dell' Antoniadi da valutare in base al disco di Airy e dei due anelli di diffrazione (teorici).
		II = leggere ondulazioni, con momenti di calma che durano diversi secondi;
		Da qui ne risulta che, evidentemente, erano molto gelosi di Antoniadi.
	web.tiscali.it /Monitoraggio_Pianeti/eugene_antoniadi.htm (111 words)

	The Infidels - Richard Proctor
		He is best remembered for having produced one of the earliest maps of Mars in 1867 from 27 drawings by the British observer William Rutter Dawes.
		His map was later superseded by those of Giovanni Schiaparelli and Eugène Antoniadi and his nomenclature was dropped (for instance, his "Kaiser Sea" became Syrtis Major).
		He used old drawings of Mars dating back to 1666 to try to determine the sidereal day of Mars.
	www.theinfidels.org /zunb-richardproctor.htm (778 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		Extensive yellow clouds, consisting of dust lifted by Martian winds, are especially prominent during southern summers.
		Prior to the 1960s, the most accurate maps of Mars were produced in the early to mid-1900s by the French astronomer Eugene Antoniadi (1870-1944).
		Vastly more detailed knowledge of the planet has come from missions carried out by automated U.S. spacecraft since 1964.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/space/mars.html (3080 words)

	Eugène Michel Antoniadi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Februar 1944 in Paris), auch Eugène Michael Antoniadi oder Eugenios Antoniadi, war ein in der Türkei geborener griechischer Astronom, der die meiste Zeit seines Lebens in Frankreich verbrachte.
		Antoniadi fertigte außerdem eine Karte des Planeten Merkur, die aufgrund der schwierigen Beobachtungsmöglichkeiten des Planeten mittels erdgebundener Teleskope noch sehr ungenau war und 1934 herausgegeben wurde.
		Zu Antoniadis Gedenken wurde jeweils ein Impaktkrater auf dem Mond und dem Mars benannt.
	www.mlahanas.de /Hellas/NewBio/EugeneMichelAntoniadi.html (292 words)

	Martian canal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The influential observer Eugène Antoniadi used the 83-cm telescope at Meudon Observatory at the 1909 opposition of Mars and saw no canals, and the notion of canals began to fall out of favor.
		A critical examination of Professor Percival Lowell's book "Mars and its canals", with an alternative explanation, by Alfred Russel Wallace, F.R.S., etc. London, Macmillan and co.
		Antoniadi, E. (1910) "Sur la nature des »canaux« de Mars", AN 183 (1910) 221/222 (in French)
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Martian_canals (1112 words)

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