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Topic: Eugenicists

	CHAPTER TWO: EUGENICS AND ITS SHADOW
		Some eugenicist scientists came to appreciate the relative futility of their proposed measures in bringing about large-scale changes in the distribution of what they imagined were the genes underlying such traits as intelligence and self-control (Paul and Spencer 1995).
		Eugenicists are rightly blamed for promoting a particular conception of human perfection, failing to appreciate the essential plurality of values and ideals of human excellence.
		For though mainline eugenicists despised the underclass for not resembling themselves, the traits the eugenicists believed heritable and worthy of cultivation were ones valued by people with widely varying ideals of personal development, plans of life, and family structure.
	www.nyu.edu /gsas/dept/philo/courses/bioethics/Papers/GeneBook/CH2.html (11063 words)

	Fathom :: The Source for Online Learning
		Eugenicists tended to draw from this account the implication that medical care frustrated evolution by permitting the unfit to survive and reproduce (although Darwin and a number of others who held this view nonetheless continued to support humanitarian measures).
		Indeed, the mainline eugenicists tended to believe that a person's station in life reflected his or her capabilities and could thus be used as an indication of the genes likely to be passed down to subsequent generations.
		Mainstream eugenicists were often prone to interpreting the degeneracy thesis in national terms, identifying nationality with "blood" and fearing that England (or Germany, or wherever) would lose in competition with nations that did a better job maintaining the quality of their germ plasm.
	www.fathom.com /feature/122169/index.html (2644 words)

	Lower East Side Tenement Museum (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Eugenicists and their supporters held firm to the belief that all human characteristics, including behavior, were inherited from ancestors who differed according to race.
		Believing that environmental changes could never correct immigrants' inferior genetic stock, eugenicists such as Charles B. Davenport pushed for rigid selection of only the best immigrant stock as a means of improving rather than polluting future generations.
		According to Nancy Ordover, "the tests and tabulations generated by eugenicists during the seven-year stretch between 1917 and 1924 had an enormous impact on the upcoming bill." 7
	www.tenement.org.cob-web.org:8888 /encyclopedia/nativism.htm (742 words)

	Social Origins of Eugenics
		Davenport and other eugenicists were also interested in inherited disorders with clearly defined phenotypes and, often, straightforward modes of inheritance that could be deduced from the patterns of inheritance within families.
		Eugenicists also studied psychiatric disorders that appeared to be inherited – including feeble-mindedness, manic depression, and dementia praecox (schizophrenia).
		Eugenicists reported that two shiftless parents produced virtually all shiftless children; the marriage of a shiftless and an industrious person produced about 10% shiftless offspring.
	www.eugenicsarchive.org /html/eugenics/essay4text.html (874 words)

	A look back at the history of the American Eugenics movement will help us learn from flaws of naïve genetic judgment ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Their understanding of the principles of genetic inheritance led eugenicists to conclude that genetically defective members of society were rapidly out-reproducing the "normal" members of society at an alarming rate.
		Eugenicists also developed close ties with the newly emerging profession of psychometrics, the psychological theory of mental measurement, which was eagerly being employed to develop standardized IQ tests.
		Eugenicists argued that if unemployment and crime resulted from the behavior of genetically inadequate persons, then the most rational solution was to prevent those types from being born in the first place.
	www.accd.edu /sac/honors/main/papers02/Judge.htm (5599 words)

	BlackGenocide.org \| The Negro Project (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Eugenicists hoped to purify the bloodlines and improve the race by encouraging the "fit" to reproduce and the "unfit" to restrict their reproduction.
		Grant reported that "virtually all of the organization’s board members were eugenicists." Eugenicists financed the early projects, from the opening of birth control clinics to the publishing of "revolutionary" literature.
		Eugenicists comprised the speakers at conferences, authors of literature and the providers of services "almost without the exception." And Planned Parenthood’s international work was originally housed in the offices of the Eugenics Society.
	blackgenocide.org.cob-web.org:8888 /negro.html (896 words)

	[No title]
		Earlier eugenicists, and foreign eugenicists, are studied for the sake of the light they shed on the post-War American context.
		Eugenicists were to assert instead a hypocritical concern for the welfare of the children of the inferior.
		In reality, the eugenicists hope to manipulate the social and economic climate so that children unwanted by the eugenicists will be miserable and their miserable parents will "spontaneously" cease to want them.
	www.all.org /abac/aes.txt (15086 words)

	Chapter 4: The Rise and Fall of Eugenics (sample)
		But the eugenicists went after these families, families who did not value money, seemed to live chaotically, and were so different from themselves.
		The rural poor were considered by the eugenicists to be a threat to the gene pool.
		The eugenicists reasoned that, if the fittest members of the community were all fleeing to the cities, then the most unfit would be the ones who stayed behind.
	www3.georgetown.edu /research/nrcbl/hsbioethics/units/unit4_4.html (1360 words)

	Lies, Deceptions and Doublespeak
		A law proposed by eugenicists and biotech firms which would require all human clones to be destroyed before a certain stage of development.
		In fact, these laws actually guarantee the eugenicists a right to perfect the technique of inserting genes, including altered genes, into a human cell that is then triggered to form a human embryo.
		Eugenicists and transhumanists are ready to embrace a ban on "reproductive cloning," as long as we guarantee a right to clone-to-kill experiments.
	www.elliotinstitute.org /lies.htm (849 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Eugenicists are aggressive because of a philosophy of atheistic materialism, insisting that eugenic population control is "progress" in a supposed future biological evolution of mankind.(25) Their "science" is counterfeit, "quack" science.
		Their activities are murderous attempts to use evolutionary biology as "proof" that people are not all created equal,(26) and therefore, not entitled to the right to life,(27) or to freedom from human experimentation.(28) Eugenics succeeds by carefully denying altogether the "personhood" of some people, such as the aborted unborn and corporate-owned human embryos.
		Eugenicists perpetually hope, someday, to create a master-race of men, through this constant task of eliminating people (who are vaguely called "unfit" or unwanted) through their ongoing population control programs.
	www.arthurhu.com /2000/04/eugen.txt (2305 words)

	the creation of genetic identity
		Rosenberg quotes the geneticist Raymond Pearl's characterization of the eugenics movement as "based on pre-Mendelian genetics," and as "outworn and useless as yesterdays melon."[4] Pearl's quotation hints at the dynamism of the theoretical structure of genetics and places the rift at the absorption of Mendelian concepts within the eugenics community.
		Practical and moral concerns kept eugenicists from utilizing techniques that the geneticists were relying on in their studies of laboratory animals.
		Charles Davenport, geneticist and eugenicist, embodied the growing inconsistencies between the eugenic concerns of the breeding agriculturists and the genotype model of heredity.
	www.stanford.edu /group/SHR/5-supp/text/thurtle.html (7162 words)

	Eugenics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Many eugenicists took inspiration from the selective breeding of animals (where purebreds are often strived for) as their analogy for improving human society.
		Eugenicists such as Davenport, the psychologist Henry H. Goddard and the conservationist Madison Grant (all well respected in their time) began to lobby for various solutions to the problem of the "unfit".
		Influential eugenicists like Lothrop Stoddard and Harry Laughlin (who was appointed as an expert witness for the House Committee on Immigration and Naturalization in 1920) presented arguments that these were inferior races that would pollute the national gene pool if their numbers went unrestricted.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eugenicists (8318 words)

	Crying Hands Intro
		Eugenicists firmly believed that the increase of foreign and inferior populations prevented human advancement.
		The eugenicists in the United States thus argued that members of other races and ethnic groups must be prevented from entering the country; their campaign culminated with the enactment of the 1924 Johnson Immigration Restriction Act.
		The idea that mentally and physically disabled human beings must be excluded from the gene pool was a staple argument of the international eugenic movement, and this led to widespread sterilization of the disabled in various countries, including the United States.
	gupress.gallaudet.edu /CHintro2.html (462 words)

	H-Net Review: Carol Lilly on Eugenics and Modernization in Interwar Romania
		Romania's eugenicists, unlike those in Nazi Germany, she explains, were rather less convinced of their own ability to distinguish between those individuals who were hopelessly dysgenic and those, like prostitutes, whose flaws might be linked to environmental ills and who might, therefore, be rehabilitated and rescued for the nation.
		Romania's underdeveloped status also meant a heavy emphasis among interwar eugenicists on the role of the peasantry as the primary source of national vitality and on the importance of improving educational and health care policies in the village.
		The eugenicists' educational policies were also clearly anti-liberal, advocating careful pre-selection of students on the basis of class, ethnic, and gender criteria and the tailoring of educational curricula to state and national, not individual, interests.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=23361094182216 (1334 words)

	Johns Hopkins Magazine
		Eugenicists extrapolated these principles to explain complex human qualities — such as intelligence, behavior, and personality — as well as things like shiftlessness, criminality, and even carpentry and dressmaking skills.
		Eugenicists believed they had found a way to solve some of the worst social problems.
		Eugenicists formed "Race Betterment" organizations and held Fitter Family contests at state and county fairs, with prizes awarded to families that came closest to the eugenic ideal.
	www.jhu.edu /~jhumag/0406web/pearl.html (4105 words)

	Margaret Quigley, The Roots of the I.Q. Debate: Eugenics and Social Control
		Some eugenicist leaders rejected democracy in favor of the corporate state and, in the 1920s and 1930s, several leaders of the eugenics movement were active in the promotion of German and Italian fascism.
		The families were remarkably similar to the eugenicist activists in these traits; the main difference between the two was the poverty of the rural families.
		Faced with a social problem, the eugenicist leapt to the conclusion that it was the individual who must change to accommodate society (which is one reason why conservative commentators frequently argued that eugenics was a liberal movement committed to the supremacy of the community over the individual).
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/45/034.html (4376 words)

	Eugenics Watch: A web site dedicated to paranoid rantings from the religious right
		Eugenicists tend to be grounded in science, not in mythology.
		Eugenicists on the other hand know that they must absolutely maintain freedom of expression and creation, and are intolerant of any government that is oppressive.
		Eugenicists therefore realize that not only must democracy be maintained, but national sovereignty must prevail in many places to assure that freedom prevails.
	home.comcast.net /~neoeugenics/ew.htm (4408 words)

	FCC bit
		Some eugenicist scientists came to appreciate the relative futility of their proposed measures in bringing about large scale changes in the distribution of what they imagined were the genes underlying such traits as intelligence and self-control (Paul and Spencer 199 5).
		As the question attributed to joharmsen, a Danish geneticist and reluctant eugenicist, demonstrates, the difficulty of defining human perfection was not entirely lost on the eugenicists, but the strident rhetoric of much of the mainline eugenics literature brooked no opposition and admitted to no doubt over what constituted a "healthy" and virtuous style of life.
		For although mainline eugenicists despised the underclass for not resembling themselves, the traits the eugenicists believed heritable and worthy of cultivation were ones valued by people with widely varying ideals of personal development, plans of life, and family structure.
	www.andrew.cmu.edu /course/80-136/fccbit.html (3956 words)

	Media Matters - NY Times ' Brooks cited defender of eugenicists in touting new political constituency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Margaret Sanger was not a racist, an anti-Semite, or a eugenicist.
		She was wrong, but not a eugenicist, and she was active 75 years ago - this defense of eugenicists was mentioned this week, and this offensive man, called a racist for his work with a hate group, is active today.
		Sanger was not a eugenicists, and Planned Parenthood has vocally and repeatedly rejected the platforms she did have 75 years ago that are akin to eugenics - the fact that they honor a founder of Planned Parenthood with an award in NO WAY demonstrates their support for eugenics, and so it is off topic.
	mediamatters.org /items/200412080001 (2926 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions and Answers About Our Initiative
		Indeed, to mollify public concerns, eugenicists were quick to call for a ban on "reproductive cloning" while also arguing for what they deceptively termed "therapeutic cloning." This strategy was further expanded upon by aggressively promoting the idea that human embryo experiments were critical to the success of stem cell therapies.
		Today, instead of "therapeutic cloning," eugenicists prefer to use the new acronym SCNT ("somatic cell nuclear transfer") precisely because it is an obscure technical term that avoids the word "cloning," which carries negative connotations when used in the context of cloning people.
		Claims to the contrary are nothing more than the huffing and puffing of eugenicists and proponents of the "new ethic," who want to minimize the public debate as they rush to create their own vision of A Brave New World.
	www.elliotinstitute.org /faq.htm (2426 words)

	Eugenics Watch
		The eugenicists, as I see them, are the men behind Hitler, the men behind Josef Mengele, the men behind apartheid, the men behind segregation, the men behind the Rumanian orphanages.
		The eugenicists still appeal to racism but the appeal is well disguised - going by such code names as "gene frequency", which is a legitimate term in genetics.
		This intellectual camouflage is adaptive behavior in the service of survival, a technique which the eugenicists have apparently learned from the animals they strive to emulate.
	www.eugenics-watch.com (2321 words)

	PublicEye.org - Website of Political Research Associates
		The eugenicists argued that the United States was in immediate danger of committing racial suicide as a result of the rapid reproduction of the unfit coupled with the precipitous decline in the birthrate of the better classes.
		In the heightened tone that is common to writers in the family studies, one eugenicist wrote, "It is impossible to calculate what even one feeble-minded woman may cost the public, when her vast possibilities for evil as a producer of paupers and criminals, through an endless line of descendants is considered."
		Underlying the family studies and the myth of the feeble-minded menace was the theory of Social Darwinism, which assumed the existence of a struggle between the individual and society, and of an adversarial relationship between the fit and unfit classes.
	www.publiceye.org /magazine/v09n1/eugenics.html (4360 words)

	American Experience \| The Pill \| People & Events
		In some circles eugenicists went as far as declaring birth control selfish and a form of "racial suicide." The same people believed that fls and other minorities should not reproduce.
		Although eugenicists did not promote contraceptive use, fearing that the "unfit" would not use the methods properly, sterilization was often promoted as the best option to limit their numbers.
		Furthermore, Sanger opposed the belief of many eugenicists that poverty was hereditary, asserting instead that poverty, criminal behavior and other social problems were due to environmental factors and were not predetermined.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/pill/peopleevents/e_eugenics.html (512 words)

	CarlZimmer.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Cold Spring eugenicists believed that the unfit had to be prevented from passing on their defective genes for blindness, criminality, insanity, and—of course—stupidity.
		In time, these ideas gave rise to American laws that empowered doctors to sterilize people they judged to be unfit to pass on their genes.
		War on the Weak is filled with tale after tale of arrogance, ignorance, and cruelty—accounts that Black wisely allows the eugenicists to relate in their own words.
	www.carlzimmer.com /articles/2003/Eugenics2003.html (873 words)

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