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	Eugenius IV - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Eugenius at length convened a rival council at Ferrara on the 8th of January 1438 and excommunicated the prelates assembled at Basel.
		Eugenius signed an agreement with the Armenians on the 22nd of November 1439, and with a part of the Jacobites in 1443; and in 1445 he received the Nestorians and Maronites.
		Eugenius was dignified in demeanour, but inexperienced and vacillating in action and excitable in temper.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Eugenius_IV (768 words)

	Eugenius III (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Eugenius III, like other European leaders, was shocked at the fall of the crusader state of Edessa in 1144 to the Turks.
		During nearly all of Eugenius' reign he was forced to live outside of Rome due to the powerful influence of his enemy Arnold of Brescia, who opposed the temporal authority of the papacy.
		Additionally surviving sources related to Eugesius include an account of Eugenius' calling of the Second Crusade and a letter from Conrad III to Eugenius in which he detailed the problems encountered by the crusaders.
	www.crusades-encyclopedia.com.cob-web.org:8888 /eugeniusIII.html (330 words)

	Frederick I Barbarossa (c. 1123-1190)
		Frederick was the son of Frederick II, duke of Swabia, and Judith, daughter of Henry IX, duke of Bavaria, of the rival dynasty of the Welfs.
		Eugenius III, on his part, promised that Frederick would receive the imperial crown and that the rights of the empire would be maintained.
		The successor of Eugenius III, Pope Adrian IV, honoured the Treaty of Constance and crowned Frederick emperor on June 18, 1155, in Rome.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /imperialism/notes/frederickbarbarossa.html (2583 words)

	Eugenius III - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		His friend and instructor, Bernard of Clairvaux, the most influential ecclesiastic of the time, remonstrated against his election on account of his "innocence and simplicity," but Bernard soon acquiesced and continued to be the mainstay of the papacy throughout Eugenius's pontificate.
		Eugenius had already, on hearing of the fall of Edessa, addressed a letter to Louis VII.
		Eugenius retained the stoic virtues of monasticism throughout his stormy career, and was deeply reverenced for his personal character.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Eugenius_III (512 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Schaff, 1910 edition with power search.
		Eugenius IV., the next occupant of the papal throne, 1431–1447, a Venetian, had been made bishop of Siena by his maternal uncle, Gregory XII., at the age of twenty-four, and soon afterwards was elevated to the curia.
		Döllinger concludes his treatment of the subject by saying that Eugenius’ bull was the most positive and unequivocal recognition possible of the sovereignty of the council, and that the pope was subject to it.
		Eugenius did not sit idly by while his prerogatives were being tampered with and an utterly unpapal method of dealing with heretics was being pursued.
	www.bible.ca /history/philip-schaff/6_ch02.htm (18014 words)

	8. juli: Den salige pave Eugenius III (pave nr 167)
		Eugenius forble kjølig overfor planer om et korstog mot Bysants, fremmet av Roger av Sicilia og Ludvig VII i 1150, selv om han ble bebreidet for det av Bernhard.
		Eugenius intervenerte med styrke i England, der han støttet erkebiskop Theobald av Canterbury (1138-61) i hans forbindelser med kong Stefan (1135-54) og avsatte Vilhelm Fitzherbert (den hellige Vilhelm av York; død 1154) fra setet i York.
		Eugenius vendte tilbake til Italia i juni 1148, og i Cremona den 15.
	www.katolsk.no /biografi/eugenius3.htm (1854 words)

	ScotKings01
		Eugenius I, son of Fincormachus, was a valiant and just King.
		The House of Dunkeld commenced as the ruling family of Scotland with the marriage of Beatrix, or Bethoc, a daughter of Malcolm II, to Crinan, the lay Abbot of Dunkeld.
		The marriage of Malcolm III (son of Duncan I and Sibylla of Northumbria), to Ingibiorg, and then to Margaret, daughter of Edward the Outlaw (and granddaughter of Edward Ironside, King of England) resulted in a line of Kings of Scotland who ruled from 1058 to 1290.
	www.motherbedford.com /ScotKings01.htm (796 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Schaff, 1910 edition with power search.
		(III.) of Saxony, 1125–1137, to whom both parties appealed, decided for Innocent, led him and St. Bernard to Rome by armed force, and received in turn from the pope the imperial crown, June 4, 1133.
		The papal court was very consistent in its principles and aims, but as to the choice of means for its end it was subject to the same charge of avarice and venality, whether at Rome or in exile.
		The new archbishop was summoned by Pope Alexander III.
	www.bible.ca /history/philip-schaff/5_ch04.htm (15730 words)

	Pope Eugenius III - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The choice had not, however, the approval of Bernard, who remonstrated against the election on account of the "innocence and simplicity" of Eugenius; but after the choice was made he took advantage of the qualities in Eugenius which he objected to, so as to virtually rule in his name.
		During nearly the whole of his pontificate Eugenius was unable to reside in Rome.
		Though the citizens of Rome were jealous of the efforts of Eugenius to assert his temporal authority, they were always ready to recognize him as their spiritual lord, and they besides deeply reverenced his personal character.
	www.godseye.com.cob-web.org:8888 /stat/en/p/o/p/Pope_Eugenius_III_3501.html (440 words)

	Pope Eugenius III (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Pope Eugenius III had just been elected when he was brought word of the disaster by Bishop Hugh of Jabala.
		It was not until late fall, however, that Eugenius finally issued a crusading bull: Quantum praedecessores, addressed to Louis VII and the Gauls, on December 1, 1145.
		Eugenius, a little discouraged at the underwhelming response, referred the matter to Bernard of Clairvaux and commissioned Bernard to preach the crusade.
	www.medievaltymes.com.cob-web.org:8888 /courtyard/pope_eugenius_iii.htm (325 words)

	The Origin of the Second Crusade
		Eugenius recalls the efforts of Franks and Italians who, inspired by his predecessor Pope Urban II, took Jerusalem from the Moslems.
		In return, Eugenius promises 'ecclesiastical protection of those family members, goods and possessions left behind by the new crusaders; he also declares the protection of debtors who participate in the crusade.
		Acting upon Bernard's advice, an embassy was sent, and Eugenius, wanting to follow the example set by his predecessor Urban II in calling a crusade to spread the Christian faith, consented to the request.
	www.deremilitari.org /resources/articles/ferzoco.htm (3026 words)

	30th Generation (cont.) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Marie de Poiters de Antioch, Her Imperial Majesty, Empress of the Byzantine Empire was born circa 1143 in Antakya (Antioch), Hatay il (province), Turkey and married 25 Dec 1161.
		The successor of Eugenius III, Pope Adrian IV, honored the Treaty of Constance and crowned Frederick emperor on June 18, 1155, in Rome.
		When Victor IV died in 1164, Paschal III (reigned 1164—68) was quickly elected as the new imperial pope on the urging of Rainald of Dassel, perhaps against the will of the Emperor.
	www.boazfamilytree.com /gneville/aqwg28.htm (3993 words)

	Pope Alexander III
		Alexander III, given name Orlando Bandinelli, Roman Catholic Pope from 1159 to 1181, was a Siennese, and as a teacher of canon law in Bologna composed the Stroma or Summa Magistri Rolandi, one of the earliest commentaries on the Decretum Gratiani.
		This antipope, and his successors Paschal III (1164-68) and Calixtus III (1168-78), had the imperial support; but after the defeat of Legnano, Barbarossa finally (in the peace of Venice, 1177) recognized Alexander as pope.
		Besides checkmating Barbarossa, he had humbled King Henry II of England in the affair of Thomas Becket, he had confirmed the right of Alphonso I of Portugal to the crown, and even as a fugitive had enjoyed the favor and protection of Louis VII of France.
	www.nndb.com /people/261/000094976 (353 words)

	University of Oregon Libraries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Eugenius had been a monk at Clairvaux and Bernard worried about his ability to cope with the change of lifestyle.
		Eugenius had been accustomed to the contemplative life of a monastery, but he was suddenly required to devote much of his time to the administrative and political affairs of the papacy.
		In De Consideratione, Bernard advised Eugenius to "set aside time for his spiritual life amidst the pressures of daily business." He believed that Eugenius, through consideration, or contemplation, could achieve a balance that allowed him to deal with the affairs of the church and satisfy his own spiritual needs.
	libweb.uoregon.edu /ec/exhibits/burgess/ms14.html (1408 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Creations of cardinals of the XII Century
		Excommunicated by Pope Alexander III in 1162 and 1163.
		Antipope Innocent III was elected on September 29, 1179 and deposed in January 1180.
		Alessio, subdeacon, legate of Pope Alexander III in Scotland.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/consistories-xii.htm (6898 words)

	Second Crusade
		After Edessa was recaptured by the Muslims in 1144, the Second Crusade was summoned by Roman bishop Eugenius III, and preached by Bernard of Clairvaux in France and Germany.
		News of the fall of Edessa reverberated throughout Europe, and the Second Crusade was called by Pope Eugenius III.
		Pope Eugenius III in 1145 issued a formal crusade bull, the first of its kind, with precisely worded provisions designed to protect crusaders' families and property...
	jmgainor.homestead.com /files/PU/Cru/2cr.htm (297 words)

	Pope Eugene III - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pope Eugene III (died July 8, 1153), born Bernardo dei Paganelli di Montemagno, was Pope from 1145 to 1153.
		During nearly the whole of his pontificate Eugene III was unable to reside in Rome.
		Though the citizens of Rome were jealous of the efforts of Eugene III to assert his temporal authority, they were always ready to recognize him as their spiritual lord, and they besides deeply reverenced his personal character.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Eugenius_III (440 words)

	H-France Reviews
		But after the deaths in 1153 of Bernard of Clairvaux and Eugenius III (whose association with Clairvaux means that he might as well be called a Clarevallian as a Cistercian pope), new forces within the reform movement associated with Cîteaux and Clairvaux came into play.
		It is regarding that criticism of the Cistercians by Alexander III in the 1160s that I would contend that it is not I who has, as Venarde complains, “tossed-out” documents that have gotten in the way of my story.
		There is what appears to be an authentic agreement to “something” between Eugenius III and the abbot of Savigny at Saint-Seine at the end of September 1147, and there is no reason to disbelieve that particular papal bull.
	www.h-france.net /vol2reviews/berman2.html (3598 words)

	Second Crusade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Eugenius III had just been elected when he was brought word of the disaster by Bishop Hugh of Jabala.
		It was not until late fall, however, that Eugenius finally issued a crusading bull:
		Eugenius, a little discouraged at the underwhelming response, referred the matter to Bernard of
	crusades.boisestate.edu /2nd/01.shtml (256 words)

	Spero News: Adrian IV: The English pope Nicholas Breakspear (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Moreover it is not unreasonable to infer that Nicholas was at the Council of Rheims in March 1148 and that Pope Eugenius (who called the Council) might have had a word with him concerning the situation in Catalonia and the continuing Muslim occupation of former centres of Chrisitianity.
		For Eugenius III granted their request to elect a new abbot, but with the words "I know who raises this storm: it is Satan.
		During his two year mission, Pope Eugenius III had died after eight years in office, but his successor, Anastasius IV, continued to support his work and asked to be kept informed of its progess.
	www.speroforum.com /site/print.asp?idarticle=3011 (2959 words)

	EUGENIUS III - Online Information article about EUGENIUS III
		EUGENIUS III - Online Information article about EUGENIUS III
		It was to Eugenius that Bernard addressed his famous See also:
		Romans, Eugenius was finally enabled to return to Rome in December 1152, but died in the following July.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /EUD_FAT/EUGENIUS_III.html (721 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Blessed Eugene III
		He was enthroned as Eugene III without delay in St. John Lateran, and since residence in the rebellious city was impossible, the pope and his cardinals fled to the country.
		Their rendezvous was the monastery of Farfa, where Eugene received the episcopal consecration.
		Vita de beato Eugenio III (Monza, 1874); Annal.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/05599a.htm (1459 words)

	EUGENIUS II - Online Information article about EUGENIUS II
		Lothair, succeeded in arranging matters, and Eugenius was elected.
		CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr.
		Eugenius also adopted various provisions for the care of the poor and of widow s and orphans.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /EUD_FAT/EUGENIUS_II.html (335 words)

	Title page for ETD etd-04122005-110820 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Eugenius III and Alexander III lived in exile through much of their reigns and struggled to maintain control of the Patrimony, a major source of papal revenues.
		During the same era, Eugenius III and Alexander III publicly promoted the Church’s inheritance of biblical Judaism in the claim that the Treasures of the Temple of Herod existed in the Lateran basilica.
		At the same time, the attitudinal influences of the Cistercians Nicolaus Maniacutius and Bernard of Clairvaux on Eugenius, and the Jewish steward Jechiel in the papal household on Alexander, cannot be measured definitively but suggest a paradoxical relationship with the Jews.
	etd.lsu.edu /docs/available/etd-04122005-110820 (330 words)

	Louis, VII Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		To overcome the widespread lack of enthusiasm, Louis invited Bernard of Clairvaux to preach the crusade, and the eloquent Cistercian awakened fervor for the project.
		Pope Eugenius III tried to repair the broken marriage on their return from the East and forbade its dissolution.
		After Eleanor gave birth to a second child, another girl, and after the death in 1151 of Suger, who had managed to save the marriage as long as he was alive, in March 1152 a council of bishops declared the marriage annulled for reasons of kinship.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/louis-vii (479 words)

	THE KNIGHTS TEMPLAR, and THE FREEMASONS
		1147 Pope Eugenius III cossed the Alps to France and proceeds to Clairvaux.
		Abbot Suger of Saint-Denis dies in January 1151, King Conrad III of Germany dies in in February 1152 and Everard of Barres, Grandmaster of the Templars resigns to become a monk at Clairvaux the same year.
		Pope Eugenius III dies in July 1153 and the grand old man Abbot Bernard of Clairvaux dies in August 1153.
	www.think-aboutit.com /conspiracy/THEKNIGHTSTEMPLARandTHEFREEMASONS.htm (5858 words)

	Saints Cyril and methodius Church
		Alexander III -- Sept. 7, 1159 to Aug. 30, 1181
		Lucius III -- Sept. 1, 1181 to Sept. 25, 1185
		Pius III -- Sept. 22, 1503 to Oct. 18, 1503
	www.angelfire.com /alt/scm/as1.html (2216 words)

	Bernard of Clairvaux - ReligionFacts
		Men with whom he had had a lifelong connection died; his relations with Eugenius III were sometimes troubled (Epist., cccvi); the frailty and the pains of his body increased.
		Bernard is most deeply permeated by the feeling of owing everything to the grace of God, that on the working of God rests the beginning and end of the state of salvation, and that we are to trust only in his grace, not in our works and merits.
		The first and fifth books of his De consideratione are also of a mystic character, whereas ii, iii, and iv contain a critique of church affairs of his time from Bernard's point of view and lay down a programme for papal conduct which a contemporary pope would have found it difficult to follow.
	www.religionfacts.com /christianity/people/bernard_clairvaux.htm (3902 words)

	Second Crusade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		While those who participated in the Second Crusade had probably planned to do so before hearing of the loss of Edessa to Zangi, the urgency of the crusade was likely reinforced by the loss.
		Pope Eugenius III issued a crusading bull (Quantum praedecessors) to Louis VII of France.
		Louis VII and Conrad III arrived in Constantinople in 1147.
	www.umich.edu /~eng415/timeline/summaries/second_crusade.htm (528 words)

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