
	Where results make sense

Topic: Eulachon

Related Topics

Salmon

Tsimshian

Coast Salish

Totem pole

Canoe

First Nations of Canada

Haida

1812

British Columbia

	Eulachon: Wildlife Notebook Series - Alaska Department of Fish and Game
		Eulachon are generally blue-silver in color turning to gray-brown at spawning time when the males are easily distinguished from the females by tubercles on the head and on the scales along the lateral line, more musculature development along the lateral line, and longer paired pectoral and pelvic fins.
		The eulachon was important as a food staple and as barter with inland tribes, thus the famous "kleena" or grease trails of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia.
		Spawning eulachon and spent bodies of spawned-out eulachon are eaten by gulls, eagles, and bears and by the white and green sturgeon in the larger rivers of Southeast Alaska, British, Columbia, and the Pacific Northwest.
	www.adfg.state.ak.us /pubs/notebook/fish/eulachon.php (739 words)

	Eulachon Fishery
		Eulachons are small, short-lived, anadromous smelts that can be found from the southern Bering Sea to northern California, approximately in the area corresponding to the coastal temperate rain forest.
		Eulachon grease is composed mainly of oleic, stearic, and palmitic acids.
		The commercial eulachon fishery was closed in 1997 due to the inability to control effort and participation and to ensure conservation objectives were met.
	www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca /ops/fm/herring/eulachon/default_e.htm (1723 words)

	CALIFORNIA'S PLANTS AND ANIMALS
		Eulachon were exceptionally plentiful in the Klamath River in 1988, as were surf smelt (Hypomesus pretiosus), night smelt (Spirinchus starksi) and anchovy (Engraulis mordax).
		The factors responsible for the decline of California eulachon populations are unknown.
		Thus, eulachon are evidently sensitive to a number of environmental factors, and their recent decline in California streams may be a manifestation of changes in water quality or spawning habitat in the lower reaches of the rivers they occupy.
	www.dfg.ca.gov /hcpb/cgi-bin/read_one.asp?specy=fish&idNum=29 (2231 words)

	Fish Stocks of the Pacific Coast \| Pelagics \| Eulachon
		Eulachon spawning is limited to the lower reaches of rivers and often is accompanied by spectacular throngs of predatory sea lions and birds.
		Eulachon are an extremely important food source to many First Nations on the Pacific coast and play a significant role in the cultural heritage of some communities.
		Although eulachon were once plentiful in most spawning rivers, their runs appear to have declined in a number of rivers, particularly in southern areas.
	www-comm.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca /publications/speciesbook/Pelagics/eulachon.html (1881 words)

	Fisheries and Oceans Canada \| Pacific Region \| Recreational Fishing \| Species Identification \| Finfish ID
		They are distinguished from other smelt by the presence of common centre rings, running parallel to each other, on the gill plate and having the pelvic fins in front of the dorsal fin.
		for eulachon or smelt, the net cannot exceed 7.5 m in length and the mesh size must be greater than 25 mm, but less than 50 mm.
		When fishing for smelt or eulachon by means of a gillnet, the net cannot exceed 7.5 m in length and the mesh size must be greater than 25 mm, but less than 50 mm.
	www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca /recfish/Species/finID_e.htm (1872 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		DH guessed that eulachon biomass in the past should be one order of magnitude higher than at the present time.
		Biomass of eulachon in the three historical periods was estimated by the model, with an ecotrophic efficiency of 0.95, and the remaining parameters were assumed to be the same as for other forage fish.
		Eulachon are probably most vulnerable to predation during spawning months (April and May), when they aggregate in large schools and migrate up the rivers.
	www.fisheries.ubc.ca /projects/btf/weblinks.asp?gr=eulachonNBC (668 words)

	Eulachon - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Eulachon, common name for a small saltwater fish belonging to the smelt family.
		The eulachon, or candlefish, is found in the northern Pacific...
		Snapper, name given to several marine fishes because of their voracity and quick biting at food.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Eulachon.html (57 words)

	The Chilkat Valley News, Haines Alaska: Story 4
		The eulachon, a staple in the Tlingit subsistence diet, is prepared fresh, fried, boiled, smoked and frozen, but is prized for its oil–a nutritious commodity long used for bartering with tribes in the Interior and further south along the coast in exchange for game meat and other items.
		The eulachon run is the only fishery in Alaska not regulated by the state, but governed instead by tradition, Jimmie said.
		While there is no official traditional ceremony for the coming of the eulachon, last Thursday a gathering at the ANB Hall acknowledged the fish and their importance in valley life.
	chilkatvalleynews.com /archive/2004-17-4.html (1231 words)

	Kidfish ~ Eulachon
		Eulachon are not important fish for sport fishing, and are not actively fished with a fly.
		Eulachon and its grease were traded to interior Natives for meat, skins and other valuables.
		The eulachon is bluish on its upper half with silvery white sides and belly.
	www.kidfish.bc.ca /fish/info_eulachon.htm (445 words)

	Smelt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Eulachon and longfin smelt are anadromous-returning to fresh water areas to spawn in winter to early spring with most adults dying after spawning-a few have been found to survive to spawn a second time.
		Eulachon and longfin smelt are anadromous-returning to fresh water areas to spawn.
		Eulachon and longfin smelt populations are heavily influence by freshwater flows.
	hmsc.oregonstate.edu /odfw/devfish/sp/smelt.html (1123 words)

	Fishing and the Tlingit Indian
		Eulachon, a member of the smelt family, has always been prized by the Tlingit people.
		(Two eulachon nets are on display at the Sheldon Museum; an old sinew net and a commercially made net.) With the introduction of iron, the Tlingits designed a -rake for gathering eulachon.
		Eulachon were also eaten dried, smoked or fresh, and were widely used as candles because of their high fat content.
	www.alaskafishingontheweb.com /tlingit_fishing (895 words)

	The Beauty of Technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Eulachon, a small type of smelt, were also caught and preserved.
		Eulachon were pierced by sticks threaded through the gill and mouth and were hung on drying racks (figure 3).
		Eulachon oil, rich and nutritious and a natural source of iodine, was consumed with almost every meal as a seasoning or flavouring agent and was also used for trade with other groups.
	www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca /hhistory/beautyoftechno.html (1005 words)

	Canada Gazette
		Eulachon are caught in directed fisheries in rivers and may be caught during the juvenile stage in offshore areas as by-catch in other fisheries, such as the shrimp trawl fishery.
		Conservation concerns for eulachon stocks however require that by-catch levels in the shrimp trawl fishery be actively managed through the use of closures to otter trawl gear when the by-catch levels are too high.
		Eulachon by-catch occurs primarily in offshore waters where eulachon spend the first 2 years of their life.
	canadagazette.gc.ca /partII/2003/20030101/html/sor8-e.html (2595 words)

	Sheldon Museum and Cultural Center: Historical Vignettes
		A spring ritual of particular importance to local Tlingits, is the harvest of eulachon, "Saak" (Tlingit), commonly referred to as hooligan.
		Eulachon are sea run smelt that return to fresh water to spawn for about one week each spring in early May. These fish are particularly prized for their oil by Tlingits who catch them with dipnets, store them in pits, and render the fermented fish in vats along the banks of the Chilkat River.
		Eulachon can be gathered for personal use by any Alaskan with a fishing license.
	www.sheldonmuseum.org /subsistencefishing.htm (1784 words)

	EULACHON (SMELT) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Young larval eulachon in estuaries and near shore ocean areas are sensitive to marine pollution and toxic runoff from agriculture and urbanization.
		If conditions are not right, the eulachon will not return to spawn, and will instead stay in the ocean to return in another year when more desirable or favorable spawning conditions exist.
		The eulachon is a very popular food fish and supports commercial, recreational, and tribal fisheries throughout the Pacific Northwest.
	www.psmfc.org /habitat/edu_smelt_fact.html (423 words)

	SitNews - Subsistence Eulachon Fishery Closed in Federal Waters in Burroughs Bay Area
		The ranger, as in-season manager, is closing the Federal subsistence eulachon fishery to all users in Federal public waters in the Burroughs Bay/Unuk River area (Area 1D) due to very low fish numbers in 2004 and 2005.
		The strength of the eulachon return is determined by the amount of harvest by federally qualified subsistence fisherman and through observations made by U.S. Forest Service fisheries staff.
		Since the projected escapement of eulachon in the Burroughs Bay area is unknown at this time, the area will be closed to all users to provide for spawning escapement needs for any fish that do return in 2006.
	www.sitnews.us /0206news/020906/020906_eulachon.html (473 words)

	Dalton Trail - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Originally, the Chilkat group of Tlingit controlled the trail, which they used for trade with the Athabascan people of the interior.
		They called the trail "grease trail" after the eulachon oil (extracted from the tiny candlefish) that was the most important item of trade on the Chilkoot side.
		Tlingits took eulachon oil and returned with furs, hides and copper nuggets gathered by the Athabascans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dalton_Trail (380 words)

	Civilization.ca - Tsimshian Prehistory - Archaeological Excavation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Eulachon were caught by men in canoes using nets and rakes.
		This picture shows a canoe full of eulachon, as well as a second canoe in which two men are standing with nets in hand, as they would when fishing for eulachon.
		Herring and eulachon were so plentiful that they were easily harvested by men who ran a rake through the water to impale the fish.
	www.civilization.ca /aborig/tsimsian/menfi01e.html (634 words)

	The SKEENA RIVER "Great Canadian Rivers"
		Schools of mouth-watering smelts known as eulachon (or oolichan, pronounced ool-i-kan) are on Mother Nature's menu, attracting a host of hungry predators as the spawning fish begin their upstream journey.
		Composed of oleic, stearic and palmitic acids, the oil is high in vitamins A, D, K and E. Eulachon "grease," extracted through a process of decomposition, heating, skimming and straining, has long been a dietary staple of the Skeena River Tsimshian, Gitksan and Nisga'a tribes.
		In the past decade, however, puzzling variations in eulachon spawning runs have been noted, ranging from a complete disappearance in California, to dramatic seasonal drops in formally stable rivers such as the Fraser.
	www.greatcanadianrivers.com /rivers/skeena/species-home.html (1141 words)

	The Chilkat Valley News, Haines Alaska
		Besides arriving in harvestable volumes in both river systems, eulachon are being caught as for upriver at 6 Mile Haines Highway and Chilkoot River weir.
		The eulachon’s sensitivity to water temperatures and a mild spring may have contributed to the early run, Ericksen said.
		Prized by the Tlingits, eulachon are rendered for their oil, used as a condiment, a preservative and a medicine and still are traded among natives.
	www.chilkatvalleynews.com /archive/2001-16-4.html (544 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 90-Day Finding for a Petition to List Columbia ...
		While these characterizations may not reflect more recent eulachon abundances (which were of primary concern to the petitioner), they do indicate that there are potentially numerous streams - within and outside the Columbia basin - that are unsurveyed but still used by spawning eulachon.
		While the petition does indicate that eulachon catches have recently declined in the Columbia River basin, NMFS does not believe that the information is substantial enough to warrant a status review at this time.
		The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife has recently identified the eulachon as a candidate for state listing as threatened or endangered, and the resultant studies and status reports should yield information critical for determining the health of Washington eulachon stocks, including stocks outside the Columbia River basin but potentially related to the petitioned populations.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-SPECIES/1999/November/Day-29/e30915.htm (2201 words)

	Eulachon Rendering
		Eulachon (pronounced hooligan), a type of smelt, are one of the most important fish for the Tlingit people.
		Tlingits would trade with other villages lacking strong eulachon runs, or with tribes in the interior for goods such as copper, obsidian, and fur.
		After the eulachon are caught with dip nets, they are rendered by first burying the fish and let them ripen to more readily release the oil from the flesh.
	www.keetgooshi.com /eulachon.html (188 words)

	WDFW -- General Columbia River Smelt Forecast for 2003
		The period of 1990-1997 was dominated by extreme and persistent El Nino conditions and during this time eulachon returns saw a precipitous decline starting in 1993-1994 and remained at record low levels through 2000.
		Eulachon returns to the Columbia River in 2001 and 2002 were the largest since 1993.
		The bycatch of eulachon in the West Coast Vancouver Island annual spring shrimp surveys increased significantly in 2000 and 2001 and the 2002 eulachon biomass indices were approximately 12-times the 1994-1999 average.
	wdfw.wa.gov /fish/creel/smelt/smelt_columbia02.htm (461 words)

	Columbia River Smelt (Eulachon) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Eulachon is the native American name for the Columbia River smelt, known in scientific circles as Thaleichtys pacificus.
		Eulachon and El Nino Some have claimed that El Nino is responsible for declines in Eulachon on the Columbia River.
		Ghost Run of the Cowlitz This article treats the intimate connection between the eulachon and the history of a Cowlitz County community.
	www.cqs.washington.edu /~hinrich/smelt/smelt.html (196 words)

	Sturgeon Fishing
		Eulachon signify the start of the Sturgeon fishing season.
		Sure, you can catch Sturgeon year round, but April and May are prime time for sturgeon fishing.
		The Eulachon are running up the Fraser and the Sturgeon are on the gorge!
	www.coastangler.com /fishing/sturgeon_fishing.shtml (298 words)

	Eulachon 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Eulachon or the Columbia River Smelt are in the Cowlitz
		eulachon were in the Cowlitz River and Mark gave us a call asking if Betty and I would like to go after them on Sunday the 8.
		We loaded up (D) and set the car navigation for Camelot, (D) the first spot on the Cowlitz to look for eulachon.
	home.comcast.net /~vjblyoung/Eulachon2004.htm (398 words)

	Smelt (Eulachon, Oolichan, Candlefish, Hooligan)
		Smelt, also called eulachon or oolichan by Native Americans, are small, silver fish the size of herring (approximately 6 to 10 inches long).
		Unlike other fish oils, eulachon lipids are solid at room temperature, with the color and consistency of butter.
		These fish are almost 20 percent oil by weight, allowing a fine grease to be rendered from their bodies and creating a high-energy food source that could easily be transported and traded with other tribes farther inland.
	whatscookingamerica.net /History/Smelt.htm (1694 words)

	WDFW -- General Columbia River Smelt Forecast for 2004
		During 1999, WDFW and ODFW developed an interim Eulachon Management Plan to guide fishery management decisions in the year 2000 because a draft plan had not been completed prior to adoption of sport and commercial fishing seasons for that year.
		The ecological importance of eulachon is underscored in much of the body of research in the Northeast Pacific ecosystem and should be the fundamental consideration when making fishery management decisions affecting the health of this resource.
		Management actions will consider the role of eulachon in both the marine and freshwater ecosystems and the need to maintain sufficient populations of eulachon for proper ecosystem functioning.
	wdfw.wa.gov /fish/creel/smelt (746 words)

	Sheldon Museum and Cultural Center: Historical Vignettes
		Often mispronounced "hooligan", these fish were caught with an eulachon net; a handheld sinew dip net made by the women.
		(Two eulachon nets are on display at the Sheldon Museum, an old sinew net and a commercial net.) With the introduction of iron, a rake was designed for gathering eulachon.
		To insure a manageable size catch, Tlingit fisherman devised a special halibut hook which would only be taken by a 30-50 pound fish.
	www.sheldonmuseum.org /tlingitfishing.htm (988 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)