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	Eumenes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the ensuing division of the empire, Cappadocia and Paphlagonia were assigned to Eumenes; but as they were not yet subdued, Leonnatus and Antigonus were charged by Perdiccas with securing them for him.
		Eumenes, betrayed to them by one of his own officers, fled to Nora, a strong fortress on the border between Cappadocia and Lycaonia, where he held out for more than a year, until the death of Antipater threw his opponents into disarray.
		Eumenes is a tragic figure, a man who seemingly tried to do the right thing but was overcome by a more ruthless enemy and the treachery of his own soldiers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eumenes (757 words)

	The Internet Classics Archive \| Eumenes by Plutarch
		Eumenes, however, still continued to attend upon Perdiccas, both out of respect to him, and a desire not to be absent from the royal family.
		Eumenes, transported with passion and his inveterate hatred to him, fell to reviling and stripping him, and perceived not that his sword was still in his hand.
		Eumenes, having commended them, retired to his tent, and telling his friends he lived among a herd of wild beasts, made his will, and tore up all his letters, lest his correspondents after his death should be questioned or punished on account of anything in his secret papers.
	classics.mit.edu /Plutarch/eumenes.html (3775 words)

	EUMENES - LoveToKnow Article on EUMENES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		EUMENES I. succeeded his uncle Philetaerus in 263 B.C. The only important event in his reign was his victory near Sardis over Antiochus Soter, which enabled him to secure possession of the districts round his capital.
		EUMENES II., son of Attalus I., was king of Pergamum from 197159 B.C. During the greater part of his reign he was a loyal ally of the Romans, who bestowed upon him signal marks of favodr.
		Eumenes, although physically weak, was a shrewd and vigorous ruler and politician, who raised his little state from insignificance to a powerful monarchy.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /E/EU/EUMENES.htm (514 words)

	Pergamum Kingdom
		Eumenes paid bribes to Gauls, and maintained a strong army, and built fortified cities of Attalia to the south and Philetaeria in the Troad region.
		Eumenes I, was succeeded by his nephew Attalus I., who was to rule the country for the next 44 years.
		Eumenes in alliance with Romans swept the Seleucid army at the battle of Magnesia in 190 BCE., and following the peace treaty of Apameia in 188 BCE, Pergamum was given a large portion of the lands ruled by the Seleucids earlier.
	www.ancientanatolia.com /historical/pergamum_kingdom.htm (1603 words)

	Plutarch: Life of Eumenes - translation
		Eumenes in his heart sided with the phalanx, but in appearance stood neutral, as a person perfectly indifferent; saying, it did not become him, who was a stranger, to interfere in the disputes of the Macedonians.
		Eumenes, with all the eagerness of inveterate hatred, hastened to strip him of his arms, and, loading him with reproaches, did not observe that his sword was still in his hand; so that Neoptolemus wounded him under the cuirass, where it touches upon the groin.
		Eumenes won this battle about ten days after the former; and it raised him to a high rank of honour, because it brought him renown both for capacity and courage; but, at the same time, it exposed him to the envy and hatred both of his allies and his enemies.
	www.attalus.org /old/eumenes.html (7489 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 90 (v. 2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		EUMENES (Evpevris) II., king of pergamus son of Attalus I., whom he succeeded on the throne b.
		5.) Eumenes plainly saw that it was his interest to adhere to the Romans in the approaching contest; and far from seeking to avert this, he used all his endeavours to urge on the Romans to engage in it.
		By this means Eumenes found himself raised at once from a state of comparative insignificance to be the sovereign of a powerful monarchy.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/1198.html (894 words)

	EUMENES OF CARDIA - LoveToKnow Article on EUMENES OF CARDIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Eumenes, being defeated through the treachery of one of his officers, fled to Nora, a strong fortress on the cofifines of Cappadocia and Lycaonia, where he defended himself for more than a year.
		After two indecisive battles in Iran, Eumenes was betrayed by his owh soldiers to Antigonus and put to death.
		He was an able soldier, who did his utmost to maintain the unity of Alexanders empire in Asia; but his efforts were frustrated by the generals and satraps, who hated and despised the secretary and foreigner.
	40.1911encyclopedia.org /E/EU/EUMENES_OF_CARDIA.htm (372 words)

	Eumenes I
		Eumenes I of Pergamon (died 241 BC), son of Eumenes the brother of the founder of the Attalid dynasty, Philetaerus.
		Eumenes was the adopted son and heir of Philetaerus, succeeding him upon his death in 263 BC, as ruler of Pergamon until his own death in 241 BC.
		However upon his succession, Eumenes, perhaps with the encouragement of Ptolemy II who was at war with the Seleucids, revolted, defeating the Seleucid king Antiochus I near the Lydian capital of Sardis in 262 BC.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Bios/EumenesI.html (461 words)

	Plutarch's Life of Eumenes
		This vision Eumenes interpreted at once as boasting success to himself, who was to fight for a fruitful country, and at that very time covered with the young ears, the whole being sowed with corn, and the fields so thick with it, that they made a beautiful show of a long peace.
		Antigonus understanding, marched suddenly towards them, taking the most difficult road through a country that wanted water; but the way was short though uneven; hoping, if he should surprise them thus scattered in their winter quarters, the soldiers would not easily be able to come up time enough, and join with their officers.
		Antigonus resolved to kill Eumenes, he commanded to keep his food from him, and so with two or three days' fasting he began to draw near his end; but the camp being on a sudden to remove, an executioner was sent to dispatch him.
	www.bostonleadershipbuilders.com /plutarch/eumenes.htm (4893 words)

	Untitled
		Eumenes and his forces spent the winter of 320-319 in Nora, but when spring came, he managed to escape with all his men while negotiating with Antigonus over terms for Eumenes and his men to join Antigonus now that Antipater was dead.
		She then commissioned Eumenes to fight against Antigonus on her behalf, and wrote to the governors loyal to her, and Antigenes and Teutamus, the commanders of the elite force of the Argyraspids (the Silver Shields), ordering them to support him.
		Another way Eumenes used to safeguard himself against hostility was to borrow large sums of money from the people most hostile to him, hoping they would realise that if they killed him, they would never get their money back.
	www.suite101.com /print_article.cfm/ancient_biographies/109463 (764 words)

	The Baldwin Project: Our Young Folks' Plutarch by Rosalie Kaufman
		Eumenes was raised to high honor on account of his victories, but the Macedonians were so indignant when they discovered that they had been led against one of their own countrymen whom they loved and admired as they did Craterus, that they passed sentence of death on Eumenes.
		As it was, Eumenes found it difficult to give his men and horses proper exercise; but this is the way he managed it: for the men, the largest room in the fort was used for their walks, and they were urged to keep themselves in practice, to be prepared for flight.
		Eumenes was really too ill to command the army, but they would not move without him, so he had himself carried in a litter at some distance in the rear, so that his rest might not be disturbed by the noise.
	www.mainlesson.com /display.php?author=kaufman&book=plutarch&story=eumenes (2109 words)

	Pergamon in Mythology
		Eumenes II expanded and fortified the city, adding with the Lower Agora, Grand Gymnasium and the Temple of Zeus.
		Eumenes II expanded his kingdom to the borders of Bythinia and Capadoccia.
		He was the bastard son of Eumenes II and a Roman dancer, who led the resistance against Rome for three years.
	www.istanbulportal.com /Anatolia/Pergamon.aspx (1167 words)

	Comparison of Sertorius with Eumenes - Plutarch's Lives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In comparing their lives, we may observe that this was common to them both; that being aliens, strangers, and banished men, they came to be commanders of powerful forces, and had the leading of numerous and warlike armies, made up of divers nations.
		Sertorius, being already in high esteem for his former services in the wars, and his abilities in the senate, was advanced to the dignity of a general; whereas Eumenes obtained this honor from the office of a writer, or secretary, in which he had been despised.
		Eumenes was certainly a true lover of war, for he preferred his covetous ambition before his own security; but Sertorius was truly warlike, who procured his own safety by the success of his arms.
	www.constitution.org /rom/plutarch/sertorius-eumenes.htm (491 words)

	History of the Macedonian People from Ancient times to the Present - Part XI, by Risto Stefov
		Eumenes was Attalus I’s son and successor to the kingdom of Pergamon.
		Eumenes was hard at work portraying Antiochus as an ambitious imperialist, dangerous not only to his kingdom but also to Rome.
		Eumenes arrived in Rome in 172 BC convincing the Senate, with his rhetoric, that indeed Perseus was preparing for war.
	www.maknews.com /html/articles/stefov/stefov28_print.html (8450 words)

	Pergamum - All About Turkey
		Eumenes I, Attalos I and Eumenes II were enthroned successively after Philetarios.
		Eumenes II took acropolis of Athens as an example and had the acropolis of Pergamon adorned with works of art which reflected fine taste, and Pergamon became one of the most graceful cities of the world.
		Eumenes II (197-159 B.C) constructed it as a memorial of the victory against the Galatians.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /pergamum.htm (773 words)

	Eumenes of Cardia Part 1/2
		We know nothing of Eumenes’ early life before he became a friend of Philip II of Macedon (342 BC) and then his secretary, apart from the fact that he came from Cardia, in the Thracian Chersonnese.
		Eumenes was given a military command during Alexander’s expedition to India (327-326).
		Despite, or perhaps because of, this lack of cordiality between them, Eumenes was one of the most extravagant in his mourning for Hephaistion after his death (324), and this increased Alexander’s regard for him.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/18302/109462 (422 words)

	The Diadochi: The siege of Nora (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		After a long conversation (in which Eumenes made no mention of his own pardon and security but required that he should be confirmed in his territories and restitution should be made him of the rewards of his service) all that were present were astonished at his courage and gallantry.
		He, therefore, sent Hieronymus [5] to treat with him, proposing a certain oath, which Eumenes first corrected, and then referred himself to the Macedonians themselves that besieged him, to be judged by them, which of the two forms was the most equitable.
		Hieronymus of Cardia (360-256[!]) became the secretary of Eumenes and -later- Antigonus Monophthalmus, Demetrius I Poliorcetes and Antigonus II Gonatas.
	www.livius.org /di-dn/diadochi/diadochi_t09.html (940 words)

	Eumenes - Plutarch's Lives - translated by John Dryden and revised by Arthur Hugh Clough, Book, etext
		For there was an hereditary feud between them, arising out of political differences, and Eumenes had more than once been known to denounce Hecatæus as a tyrant, and to exhort Alexander to restore the Cardians their liberty.
		This victory Eumenes obtained about ten days after the former, and got great reputation alike for his conduct and his valor in achieving it.
		While Eumenes was thus speaking, the rest of the soldiers wept for grief, but the Argyraspids shouted out to lead him on, and give no attention to his trilling.
	whitewolf.newcastle.edu.au /words/authors/P/Plutarch/prose/plutachslives/eumenes.html (3724 words)

	Stoa of Eumenes, Athens
		Between the Odeion of Herodes Atticus and the Theater of Dionysos is the Stoa of Eumenes, built by King Eumenes II of Pergamon (197-160 B.C.), who not only erected magnificent buildings in his own city (Great Altar of Pergamon) but also sought to do honor to Athens by the building of this stoa.
		The Stoa of Eumenes differed from the Stoa of Attalos, which it exceeded in length by 46m/150ft, in having no rooms behind the double-aisled hall.
		In front of the east end of the Stoa of Eumenes are the foundations of the Monument of Nikias, erected in 320 B.C. to commemorate Nikias' victory as choregos.
	www.planetware.com /athens/stoa-of-eumenes-gr-ath-eume.htm (343 words)

	The Battle of Paraetacene, 317 BC (DBA Battle Scenario)
		In the summer of 317 BC Eumenes, trying to capitalize on an earlier victory, was on the move against Antigonos.
		Eumenes dispersed this force with a flanking attack of his own light cavalry squadrons brought over from his left flank.
		In the center the phalanxes engaged, again to Eumenes’ advantage due to the incredible martial powers of the Silver Shields who, despite their age (60 to 70 years old), seemed invincible.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/battles/Paraetacene (634 words)

	[No title]
		Surprised, the youth (Eumenes was his name), dropped the deadly arrow, and his eyes turned from the prize of his hunt disappearing fleetly into the trees, to the young maiden standing before him.
		Malthestes desired her, and though she cried out for Eumenes and beat her fists against him, the poor girl, ignorant of cruelty, was carried off by the brutal Malthestes.
		In joy Eumenes and Calliantha were returned to one another, and praised you with the fluttering of their graceful wings.
	www.skidmore.edu /classics/courses/2003fall/cc220/docs/harriman_final.doc (1680 words)

	Eumenes
		After Alexander's death, Eumenes was made governor of Cappadocia and became trusted lieutenant of Perdiccas.
		In 321 Eumenes defeated the invading army from Macedonia of general Craterus.
		After Antipater's death Eumenes was harried by the forces of Antigonus but received support from Polyperchon.
	www.historyofmacedonia.org /AncientMacedonia/Eumenes.html (274 words)

	GBoH Cappadocia scenario
		Eumenes feared that is army, particularly the infantry, consisting of a fair amount of Macedonians, could desert to the enemy, subjugated by Craterus’ charisma: in order to avoid it, Eumenes kept secret to his army the identity of the enemy General saying that the action was a Neoptolemos’s redemption attempt.
		Eumenes deployed his infantry in the rear, took command of the right wing cavalry along with his personal guard, put the left wing cavalry (that included Greeks, Indians and Thraces) under the command of Pharnabazus and Phoenix of Tenedos with the order to charge the enemy as soon as it was sighted.
		Plutarc wrote that Eumenes, ragged and bleeding, rode till the body of his old friend Craterus, and fell on his knee crying and cursing the destiny (and Neoptolemos) that had forced the two of them to fight to death.
	patriot.net /~townsend/GBoH/Modules/cappadocia-english.html (805 words)

	Eumenes Ii (International Standard Bible Encyclopedia) :: Bible Tools
		As their ally in the war against Antiochus the Great and in recognition of his signal service at the decisive battle of Magnesia (190 BC), Eumenes II was rewarded with such extensive tracts of country as raised him at once from comparative insignificance to be the sovereign of a great state.
		The statement in the Apocrypha describing his extension of territory differs from those of Livy, Polybius and Appian, and cannot be correct.
		Eumenes II cultivated the Roman alliance carefully but became suspected in connection with the affairs of Perseus, the last king of Macedonia.
	bibletools.org /index.cfm/fuseaction/Def.show/RTD/ISBE/ID/3245 (433 words)

	Eumenes - Greek General in the Macedonian Army
		Plutarch brackets Eumenes with the Roman Sertorius as soldiers endowed with genius in the handling of foreign troops as Eumenes was one of the very few Greeks who commanded Macedonian armies.
		He was placed in command of the veteran corps of Macedonian infantry known as the Silver Shields and commissioned to raise forces for Polyperchon in Asia Minor.
		He conducted a skillful running war with Antigonus for two years, until he was finally betrayed by the Macedonian Silver Shields, captured and executed.
	www.ancientmacedonia.com /Eumenes.html (197 words)

	Justinus: Epitome of Pompeius Trogus' histories
		Eumenes was thus for a time, indeed, relieved from fear of death; but, as so great a portion of his army was sent away, he had no great hope of ultimate safety.
		Eumenes had, therefore, to address them with flattery; he spoke to each of them in the language of a suppliant, calling them his "fellow-soldiers," his "patrons," or his "companions in the dangers and exploits of the east; " sometimes styling them "his refuge for protection, and his only security; "
		Hearing of this reply, Eumenes, with a few others, attempted to flee, but being brought back, and finding his condition desperate, he requested, as a great crowd gathered around him, to be allowed to address the army for the last time.
	www.attalus.org /translate/justin1.html (7463 words)

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