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Topic: Euphausia superba

	Antarctic krill - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Observe the bioluminescent organ at the eyestalk and the nerves visible in the antennae, the gastric mill, the filtering net at the thoracopods and the rakes at the tips of the thoracopods.
		superba can often be seen shining green through the animal's transparent skin, an indication that this species feeds predominantly on phytoplankton—especially very small diatoms (20 micrometer), which it filters from the water with a feeding basket [1].
		superba against that of other species: The total non-krill yield from all world fisheries, finfish, shellfish, cephalopods and plankton is about 100 million tonnes per year whilst estimates of the Antarctic krill production are between 13 million to several billion tonnes per year.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antarctic_krill (3623 words)

	euphausia superba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In the literal sense krill is used as common name for the most spectacular species: the Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) of the Antarctic waters in the Southern Ocean.
		superba probably the most successful animal on the planet; for comparison, the total non-krill yield from all world fisheries is about 100 million tonnes per year.
		superba can often be seen shining in green through its transparent skin, an indication that this species feeds predominantly on phytoplankton, e.g.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Euphausia_superba.html (357 words)

	Krill fishery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		superba is used in the form of fresh frozen krill as fish bait; and 50% of the E.
		Catch of Euphausia superba in the Southern Ocean from 1974 until 2003.
		The annual catch of Euphausia superba since the mid-1990s is about 100,000 tonnes annually, i.e., about one fiftieth of the CCAMLR catch quota.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Krill_fishery (1503 words)

	Krill -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In the literal sense krill is used as (additional info and facts about common name) common name for the most spectacular species: the Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) of the (The region around the south pole: Antarctica and surrounding waters) Antarctic waters in the (additional info and facts about Southern Ocean) Southern Ocean.
		superba probably the most successful animal on the (Any of the celestial bodies (other than comets or satellites) that revolve around the sun in the solar system) planet; for comparison, the total non-krill yield from all world fisheries is about 100 million tonnes per year.
		superba can often be seen shining in green through its transparent skin, an indication that this species feeds predominantly on (Photosynthetic or plant constituent of plankton; mainly unicellular algae) phytoplankton, e.g.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/k/kr/krill.htm (778 words)

	Euphausia superba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In the literal sense krill is used as common name for the mostspectacular species: the Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) of the Antarctic waters in the Southern Ocean.
		superba probably the most successful animal on the planet ; for comparison, the total non-krill yield from all world fisheries is about 100 million tonnes per year.
		superba can often be seen shining in green through its transparent skin, an indication that thisspecies feeds predominantly on phytoplankton, e.g.
	www.therfcc.org /euphausia-superba-140891.html (335 words)

	Krill - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A nauplius of Euphausia pacifica hatching, emerging backwards from the egg.
		The 57 species of the genera Bentheuphausia, Euphausia, Meganyctiphanes, Thysanoessa, and Thysanopoda are "broadcast spawners": the female eventually just releases the fertilized eggs into the water, where they usually sink into deeper waters, disperse, and are on their own.
		Sala, A.; Azzali, M.; Russo, A.: Krill of the Ross Sea: distribution, abundance and demography of Euphausia superba and Euphausia crystallorophias during the Italian Antarctic Expedition (January-February 2000), Scientia Marina 66(2), pp.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Krill (3344 words)

	Method for processing euphausia superba - Patent 4038722
		The population of Euphausia superba, the principal food of whales, is estimated to total 1-1.5 billion tons in said ocean.
		Since Euphausia superba can grow so fast that it completely matures in only two years, it is estimated that even if 50-70 million tons of Euphausia superba should be caught a year, which corresponds very nearly to the yearly total fishing catch in the world, there would be no adverse effect on the reproduction thereof.
		Since the enzyme activity of the Euphausia superba liver is quite strong, the meat is subjected to a degree of liquefacation by self-digestion and consequently the freshness of the meat is rapidly lowered.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4038722.html (2868 words)

	Encyclopedia: Krill
		Genera Euphausia Dana, 1852 Meganyctiphanes Holt and W. Tattersall, 1905 Nematobrachion Calman, 1905 Nematoscelis G. Sars, 1883 Nyctiphanes G. Sars, 1883 Pseudeuphausia Hansen, 1910 Stylocheiron G. Sars, 1883 Tessarabrachion Hansen, 1911 Thysanoessa Brandt, 1851 Thysanopoda Latreille, 1831 The family of the Euphausiidae is the largest family...
		Binomial name Euphausia superba Dana, 1850 The Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba 1) is a species of krill found in the Antarctic waters of the Southern Ocean.
		Euphausia pacifica is small zooplankton organism in the Pacific.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Krill (6925 words)

	Migration and aggregation behavior of Euphausia superba
		Euphausia superba is critical in determining the fate of natural populations in a dynamic physical and biological environment.
		Euphausia superba swarm examining the temporal variation of migration patterns, patch sizes, swimming velocities and aggregation behavior.
		Euphausia superba associated with diel migration, and spatial variation associated with ice coverage and presence of predators.
	www.ccpo.odu.edu /Research/globec/4sciinvest/zhou.htm (183 words)

	Feeding Behaviour
		Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, are an important part of the polar food chain.
		Euphausia superba is a highly interesting species that has a variety of survival tactics, ranging from their vertical migration to their change in winter diet to omnivory from herbivory.
		Energetics and feeding dynamics of Euphausia superba in the South Georgia region during the summer of 1994.
	www.eden.rutgers.edu /~cmburke/RESTORED/public_html/krillbig.html (1466 words)

	About Krill
		The main species of krill in Antarctica is Euphausia superba, but there are also ten other types.The name "krill" is derived from an ancient Norweigan word that once applied to larval fish and other tiny marine creatures.
		Today krill in Norwegian means whale food and Euphausia superba is almost the sole diet of the baleen whales in the Antarctic.
		Nutricionally Antarctic Krill (Euphasia Superba) appears to be a food appropriated for inclusion in a healthy diet: it contains equal proportions of poliunsaturated, monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids; with the last-mentioned accounting for less than 6% of the total energy content, and it has a high protein content (63,7% of dry weight of the meat).
	sandypool.tripod.com /krill/id11.html (541 words)

	Inter Research » MEPS » v119 » p45-61
		Pakhomov, E. The reproductive state and size composition of Euphausia superba Dana collected in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean from 1985 to 1990 were analyzed to estimate its growth, life span and mortality rates.
		superba of age 2+ to 4+ were predominant in all hauls made south of the Antarctic Divergence, while north of the Divergence the krill were clearly dominated by individuals of age 4+.
		superba in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, calculated by the methods of Alverson & Carney, Richter & Efanov and Beverton & Holt, varied from 0.72 to 0.87, from 0.52 to 0.57 and from 0.76 to 2.92, respectively.
	www.int-res.com /abstracts/meps/v119/p45-61 (343 words)

	Instituto del Mar del Perú
		GUTIERREZ, M. The krill (Euphausia superba) Target Strength (TS) measurements were accomplished during 29 trawling casts effectuated during the Hydro-acoustical Evaluation Cruise using the SIMRAD EK500 echo-sounder, aboard the RV Humboldt, between the 12th and the 24th of January 1998, along the Bransfield Strait and the Elephant Island surroundings.
		CASTILLO, R., M. GUTIÉRREZ, F. GANOZA and A. With the objective to evaluate the biomass and distribution of the krill, a Hydroacoustical Assessment Cruise was made on board of the RV Humboldt from the 12th to the 24th of January 1998, along the Bransfield Strait and the Elephant Island surroundings.
		GANOZA, F., S. PERALTILLA and A. The results hereunder are related to the performance of the pelagic net Engel 988/400 used for the evaluation of krill (Euphausia superba), in the Bransfield Strait during a Multidiscipilnary Cruise (9801) aboard the RV Humboldt.
	www.imarpe.gob.pe /imarpe/pub_resu-inf144i-julio_03.php (1146 words)

	AWI: Ice-Tour - Krill
		The krill (Euphausia superba), a small shrimp like crustacean is the most important zooplankton species associated with the sea ice and plays a key role in the Antarctic food web.
		Krill occurs in groups or large swarms and occupies a niche similar to that of the herring in the North Atlantic, since large schools of pelagic fish are absent.
		The biomass of Antarctic krill is considered to be larger than that of the earth's human population and krill swarms can occupy an area equivalent to that of the Andorras.
	www.awi-bremerhaven.de /Eistour/krill-e.html (169 words)

	Krill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) commonly lives at depths up to 100 m, whereas Ice krill (Euphausia crystallorophias) has been recorded at a depth of 4,000 m but commonly lives in depths at most 300 to 600 m deep.
		Many krill are filter feeders: their frontmost extremities, the thoracopods (so named because they are attached to the thorax), form very fine combs with which they can filter out their food from the water.
		The 57 species of the genera Bentheuphausia, Euphausia, Meganyctiphanes, Thysanoessa, and Thysanopoda are "broadcast spawners": the female eventually just releases the eggs into the water, where they float freely, disperse, and are on their own.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/K/Krill.htm (2032 words)

	Kils 1983 swimming and feeding of antarctic krill Euphausia superba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The more knowledge we accumulate about physiological and biological data of Euphausia superba the more it appears, that this animal is quite an "extreme" one.
		Guzman 0 (1983) Distribution and abundance of the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in the Bransfield Strait.
		Hirche H (1983) Excretion and respiration of the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /kils/polar4.htm (4315 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Krill - Euphausia superba - Krill is a Norwegian word for andquot;whale foodandquot; Last edited on: Sep 21, 2004 @ 11:38:40 PM New Findings About Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Depress New Findings About Omega-3 Fatty Acids...
		over a Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) would have to be one of the most Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) moved to http://www.ecoscope Antarctic krill Euphausia superba.
		Abundance and distribution of larval krill, Euphausia superba, associated with annual sea ice in winter.
	euphausia_superba.iqexpand.com (984 words)

	Bulletin of the Sea Fisheries Institute 1 (140) 1997 - The characteristics of aroma compounds in raw krill (Euphausia ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Bulletin of the Sea Fisheries Institute 1 (140) 1997 - The characteristics of aroma compounds in raw krill (Euphausia superba Dana) and a krill precipitate
		The characteristics of aroma compounds in raw krill (Euphausia superba Dana) and a krill precipitate
		This caused that the precipitate was free of pungent, disagreeable odor and flavor - characteristic of unprocessed krill.
	www.sfi.gdynia.pl /pliki/osrodek/biuletyn/4-1-97.htm (214 words)

	8. LITERATURE CITED
		Cooper, J. and Woehler, E. Consumption of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) by seabirds during summer in the Prydz Bay region, Antarctica.
		Gutt, J. and Siegel, V. Benthopelagic aggregations of krill (Euphausia superba) on the deeper shelf of the Weddell Sea (Antarctica).
		Growth and shrinkage of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba from the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean during summer.
	www.fao.org /docrep/003/w5911e/w5911e0b.htm (4024 words)

	Nutritional condition and diet history of the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba and Euphausia crystallorophias during ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Nutritional condition and diet history of the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba and Euphausia crystallorophias during austral
		To understand the nutritional condition and feeding history of Antarctic krill during winter, two species of krill, Euphausia superba and E.
		superba find that animals vary their diets over time, with copepods representing a significant dietary source for adult animals in winter.
	www.ccpo.odu.edu /Research/globec/dsrII/abstracts/ju.htm (281 words)

	FIGIS - FAO/SIDP Species Identification Sheet : Euphausia superba
		E. superba occurs in a wide circumpolar belt between the Antarctic Continent and the Polar Front.
		Calyptopes and early furcilia stages perform pronounced vertical diel migrations, while juveniles and adults are commonly found in the upper 30 m at flight, and may migrate within the upper 100 m layer in daytime or remain stationary throughout day and night.
		During the winter months, krill may depend upon alternative food sources rather than on phytoplankton, or may survive by consuming its body tissues which will be accompanied by body shrinkage and reversal of gonad development.
	www.oceansatlas.org /world_fisheries_and_aquaculture/html/resources/capture/mainspec/species/sp3393.htm (1206 words)

	MEPS 119:45-61 (1995) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Pakhomov, E. Demographic studies of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba in the Cooperation and Cosmonaut Seas (Indian sector of the Southern Ocean)
		ABSTRACT: The reproductive state and size composition of Euphausia superba Dana collected in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean from 1985 to 1990 were analyzed to estimate its growth, life span and mortality rates.
		superba in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, calculated by the methods of Alverson and Carney, Richter and Efanov and Beverton and Holt, varied from 0.72 to 0.87, from 0.52 to 0.57 and from 0.76 to 2.92, respectively.
	www.dec.ctu.edu.vn /cdrom/cd6/projects/marine_ecology_prog_ser/m119p045.abs.html (268 words)

	Ecology of Krill
		Krill are tiny, shrimplike organisims that live in the icy water of the polar regions.
		There are several species of krill that live around the world (Nicol, 1999), but for the purposes of this discussion, we will refer to krill as the species Euphausia suberba, the Antarctic krill.
		Euphausia superba is a highly interesting species that has a variety of survival tactics, ranging from their vertical migration to their change in winter diet to omnivoury from herbivory.
	www.eden.rutgers.edu /~cmburke/RESTORED/public_html/krillecology.html (2734 words)

	Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) information - literature - tools (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Quetin, L. B., and Ross, R. Behavioral and physiological characteristics of the Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba.
		Detection of krill (Euphausia superba) near the sea surface: preliminary results using a towed upward-looking echo-sounder.
		Siegel V, Loeb V. Recruitment of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba and possible causes for its variability.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /kils/krill/krill5/index.htm (1595 words)

	Thomas K. Frazer
		Euphausia superba, associated with annual sea ice in winter.
		Turnover of carbon and nitrogen during growth of larval krill, Euphausia superba: a stable isotope approach.
		Factors affecting distribution and abundance of zooplankton, with an emphasis on Antartic krill, Euphausia superba.
	fishweb.ifas.ufl.edu /Frazer/Frazer.htm (400 words)

	krill -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		superba is about five centimetres long and translucent, with reddish brown blotches.
		superba in the Antarctic Ocean may contain as much as 20 kg of these animals per cubic metre (about 35 pounds per cubic yard).
		The name is sometimes also used to refer to Euphausia superba, a single species.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9046247 (862 words)

	Krill, Euphausia superba @ MarineBio.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Euphausiidae family includes the other 89 known krill species, including one of the most common, Euphausia superba, which is the most frequent species associated with krill.
		Euphausia superba are found in Antarctic waters between the continent and the polar front generally within depths of a 100 m or less.
		Euphausia crystallorophias is also common in Antarctic waters, but tends to inhabit pack and floating ice as well as pelagic waters.
	www.marinebio.org /species.asp?id=518 (1139 words)

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