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Topic: Eurodif

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	Dominique Lorentz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One of the important points of her investigation concerns the link between the Eurodif (European Gaseous Diffusion Uranium Enrichment Consortium) affair and a serie of terrorist acts in France.
		Eurodif is a joint stock company created in the 1970s, involved in uranium enrichment, in which Iran had a 10% share.
		On December 29, 1991, this secret accord was signed by president Mitterrand, definitively restablishing Iran in its Eurodif's share-holder rights, notably of the right to perceive 10% of the enriched uranium.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dominique_Lorentz (664 words)

	Eurodif - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Eurodif, which means European Gaseous Diffusion Uranium Enrichment Consortium, is a subsidiary company of French company Cogéma which exploits a uranium enrichment plant established in the nuclear site of Tricastin in Pierrelatte in Drôme.
		In 1975 Sweden’s 10 per cent share in EURODIF went to Iran as a result of an arrangement between France and Iran.
		The advantage of this new process is the lesser consumption of energy: Eurodif currently uses the power generated by all three of Tricastin's nuclear reactors, whereas the centrifuge-based plant could make similar amounts of uranium with only 50 MW.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eurodif (442 words)

	Disarmament Diplomacy: The Nuclear Fuel Cycle:
		Because EURODIF is not a manufacturing entity as is URENCO, this places limitations on the scope of spin-off benefits; but it does offer an added inducement, beyond that of access on a preferred basis to a secure supply of enriched uranium.
		EURODIF is simple and straightforward in comparison with URENCO, since management, operations, and technology remain under the national control of the host state, and its potential contribution as a model for nonproliferation is proportionately greater.
		The service-equity EURODIF arrangement, which has the stronger nonproliferation value, may not be regarded as satisfactory in the future, although satisfaction ultimately depends on the partners, their interests, and the overall characteristics of the arrangement.
	www.acronym.org.uk /dd/dd76/76ls.htm (9745 words)

	Arms Control Association: Arms Control Today: Iran and Foreign Enrichment: A Troubled Model
		Eurodif was founded in 1973 as a joint venture between then-five participating partners: Belgium, France, Iran, Italy, and Spain.
		Even though Eurodif is a multinational joint venture, its operation is governed solely by French national legislation.
		The Urenco arrangement avoids one disadvantage of the Eurodif model: the unequal status of partners participating in the consortium.
	www.armscontrol.org /act/2006_01-02/JANFEB-iranenrich.asp (807 words)

	EMC Software - Content (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Eurodif employs a sophisticated gaseous diffusion enrichment process to produce uranium 235, the isotope required for power generation.
		Eurodif began deployment in 2000 with the goal of implementing a single Documentum repository for managing and distributing up-to-date documentation.
		Eurodif engaged a systems integrator, Euriware, to implement the application running on a Hewlett-Packard server and integrated with an Oracle database.
	software.emc.com /about_us/customer/profiles/Eurodif_Production.htm (1047 words)

	Nuclear Engineering International
		Uranium producer Eurodif is in on-going negotiations with state-backed power generation group Electricité de France (EdF) over terms for power supply.
		The negotiations come as Eurodif’s existing power supply contract comes up for renewal and widely reported suggestions that EdF is pushing the price up by as much as 130%.
		Eurodif, which is owned by Areva, operates the Georges Besse gaseous diffusion plant for uranium enrichment in Pierrelatte in south-eastern France, the country’s largest industrial electricity consumer.
	www.neimagazine.com /story.asp?sectionCode=132&storyCode=2033007 (129 words)

	La France nucleaire/Nuclear France: RHONE-ALPES (ENGLISH)
		Following the examination of the re-evaluation by the Groupe permanent dexperts pour les laboratoires et usines December 25, 2000, DSIN formulated several demands: the transmission of files in regard to the risk of a criticality, the resistance of the installation to an earthquake, and accidents (fall of an airplane, leak of liquid UF6).
		In 1999 the plant released 3.2 kg of uranium, 1.5 kg of chlorures, and 0.6 kg of fluorures.
		The use of Repu may have increased the difficulty of maintenance operations, of decontamination and of release of effluents, because of the radioactivity of the neptunium, plutonium, and technetium [Gresley 94].
	www.francenuc.org /en_sites/rhone_tri_e5.htm (928 words)

	India could regain lost ground on Iran issue
		EURODIF runs a single facility in France, but with five countries participating in its investment and management.
		Ironically, in 1975, Iran was accepted as a partner in EURODIF, and it paid one billion US dollars towards the purchase of a 10 per cent share of ownership.
		In his address to the UN General Assembly on September 17, 2005, Iranian President Ahmadinejad said, 'peaceful use of nuclear energy without possession of nuclear fuel cycle is an empty proposition.
	www.rediff.com /news/2005/oct/18ag.htm?q=tp&file=.htm (1427 words)

	FR Doc 04-1695
		Eurodif generally performs the same kinds of selling functions in both markets.
		We found that Eurodif performs these functions to a similar degree for its sales in the U.S. market and in the home market, as all of its sales in the home market are to one customer under a long-term contract.
		For sales forecasting and customer follow-up, in which Eurodif reported different levels of activity for sales in the home market and sales to its U.S. affiliate, we found that there are some minor differences in the levels of these selling functions.
	a257.g.akamaitech.net /7/257/2422/14mar20010800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/2004/04-1695.htm (3517 words)

	La France nucleaire/Nuclear France: PROVENCE-ALPES-COTE D'AZUR (ENGLISH)
		This installation, located immediately south of the Eurodif plant, was constructed to carry out treatment of surfaces, in particular coating with nickel, and the assembly of coated parts for Eurodif.
		The solid wastes from Eurodif include fluorines contaminated with uranium that Socatri deposited and still deposits in the Bellegarde dump (Gard): in September 2000, the dump stored 12,068 t (1,070 t having arrived in 1999) of fluorinated waste [Andra 00].
		Socatri is equipped with two stations for treating water: the STEU which treats the effluents containing uranium in order to reduce their tenor in uranium below the 1 mg/l limit; and the STE which treats the chemical effluents that are not radioactive and the radioactive effluents that have already passed through the STEU.
	www.francenuc.org /en_sites/prov_socat_e.htm (503 words)

	USEC News Release
		In the case of Eurodif, the rate is 17.52 percent of the value of imported low-enriched uranium (LEU) from France.
		In May, the DOC issued a separate preliminary ruling on the subsidy, or countervailing duty, portion of the investigation, finding that Urenco and Eurodif have been unfairly subsidized by their respective governments.
		At that time, the DOC imposed preliminary countervailing duty rates of 13.94 percent in the case of Eurodif and 3.72 percent for Urenco.
	www.usec.com /v2001_02/Content/News/NewsTemplate.asp?page=/v2001_02/Content/News/NewsFiles/07-06-01.htm (619 words)

	[No title]
		Section 773(e) of the Act provides that CV shall be based on the sum of the costs of materials and fabrication of the foreign like product, plus amounts for selling, general, and administrative expenses (SG&A), profit, and U.S. packing costs.
		On June 9, 2004, the petitioners alleged that Eurodif purchased electricity from EdF at prices less than the affiliated suppliers' COP during the POR.
		Because the calculated COP for electricity exceeded the transfer price Eurodif paid to EdF for the electricity purchased, we calculated CV based on the COP of EdF, in accordance with section 773(f)(3) of the Act.
	www.strtrade.com /wtf/2005/march/07/ITA_France_LEU.txt (3960 words)

	TradeTech, LLC-Uranium.Info - Uranium Market - Trade Restrictions
		The department determined that subsidies in the amount of 12.15 percent had been provided on LEU imports from the French-government owned Eurodif and 2.23 percent on imports from Urenco.
		For the case involving Eurodif, DOC calculated a countervailing duty rate of 3.63 percent for 2001 and 0.71 percent for 2002.
		Antidumping duties had been in effect against Eurodif since July 2001, when DOC made its first dumping finding in the case.
	www.uranium.info /uranium/trade.html (1047 words)

	Trade ruling favors USEC over uranium importers - By Joe Walker
		We think the decision is wrong,’’ said Gary Fox, executive vice president of the U.S. arm of Cogema Inc., the majority owner of Eurodif.
		The agency also found Eurodif guilty of dumping, which means it sold low-enriched uranium at below the fair value.
		The duties are about 53.5 percent on the value of units of enriched uranium from Eurodif and 3.72 percent on those from Urenco, USEC said.
	www.state.nv.us /nucwaste/news2002/nn11563.htm (465 words)

	Nuclear waste from Urenco and Eurodif left behind in Russia — "Ecodefence!"
		According to the ecologists, since 1996 European companies Urenco and Eurodif have been sending radioactive waste (so-called uranium tailings) for reprocessing.
		According to the research data, the decisive reason for sending nuclear waste to Russia for re-enrichment is that Rosatom and its plants are ready to leave uranium tailings in the country.
		If Urenco and Eurodif were decommissioning nuclear waste themselves, the cost of their product would become approximately 5 times higher.
	www.bellona.no /en/international/russia/waste-mngment/39248.html (790 words)

	USEC to file trade case against European competitors
		U.S. Enrichment Corporation says it will ask the government to investigate whether Eurodif SA and Urenco Limited sold uranium to American power plants for less than the cost of production.
		Eurodif is a British, Dutch and German consortium.
		The case alleges that those companies benefit from government subsidies, and have harmed U.S. Enrichment by selling power plant-grade uranium at illegally low prices.
	woub.org /news/Stories/2000/December/001207-02.html (136 words)

	USEC News Release
		The purpose of the just-completed review is to determine the magnitude of dumping during the 19-month period (July 13, 2001-January 31, 2003) since the agency made its first dumping determination.
		The evidence shows that Eurodif has sharply reduced dumping in the U.S. market, and the government’s investigation has been successful in returning stability to the market.
		Earlier this month, the department issued the final results of its administrative reviews of countervailing duty orders imposed on government-subsidized LEU imports from Eurodif and the British-Dutch-German consortium Urenco, Ltd. In those reviews, the department established a final countervailing duty rate for Eurodif of 0.71 percent for 2002.
	www.usec.com /v2001_02/Content/News/NewsTemplate.asp?page=/v2001_02/Content/News/NewsFiles/07-28-04.htm (403 words)

	Imported uranium will now have duty - By Joe Walker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The U.S. Department of Commerce ruled Friday that duties should be imposed on future uranium imports from Eurodif, S.A., a firm controlled by the French government, and the British operation of Urenco Ltd. The ruling estimates duty rates at 17.52 percent for Eurodif and 3.35 percent for Urenco.
		In May, the Commerce Department ruled on a separate issue, saying the companies had been unfairly subsidized by their governments at rates of 13.94 percent for Eurodif and 3.72 percent for Urenco.
		After Friday's ruling is published, the department will require the French and British importers to post bond or pay cash deposits equal to the amounts of the duties cited in the May and July orders.
	www.state.nv.us /nucwaste/news2001/nn11300.htm (399 words)

	Iran Institute for Democracy - It's About the Regime, Stupid! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Eurodif goes to the arbitration court of the International Chamber of Commerce of Paris with a complaint against the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran.
		Qutbzadeh, Iran's foreign minister, says that Iran is withdrawing from Eurodif and expects to receive a refund of the $1 billion that the former regime put in the Eurodif consortium.
		French Judge Marcel Caratini says he is incapable of ruling on this issue, but says he rejects Eurodif's claim to $739.4 million in damages because Iran withdrew from the consortium.
	www.iraninstitutefordemocracy.org /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=252 (9213 words)

	WISE NC; IN BRIEF
		USEC claims that both Eurodif and Urenco are pricing enriched uranium for the US market at less than the cost of production, and that Eurodif's US prices are less than those in its home market in France are.
		USEC also claims that both Eurodif and Urenco benefit from government subsidies in their home markets, and that it has suffered financial damage as a result of unfair competition from Eurodif and Urenco.
		However, USEC currently dominates both the North American market for enriched uranium, with 73% compared to 7% for Eurodif and 13% for Urenco, and the world market, with 36% compared to 21% for Eurodif and 14% for Urenco.
	www.antenna.nl /wise/540/brief.html (751 words)

	News
		The Court did not overturn the Department’s determination that the countervailing duty law can be applied to enrichment services transactions, even though the statutory provision involved, applies only to the purchase of goods.
		For this and other reasons, COGEMA and Eurodif believe that the Court’s countervailing duty determination is not sustainable.
		COGEMA and Eurodif are confident that the final resolution of these cases will be favorable and charges of dumping and subsidization found to be unwarranted.
	www.cogema-inc.com /news/2003Sep18.html (274 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Business \| EU prepares for US nuclear trade war
		LEU is used to fuel in nuclear power plants and is not weapons grade material.
		An investigation last year by the International Trade Commission (ITC), the US body which recommends the imposition of duties, reported that "subsidised" European LEU was harming the domestic industry.
		The ITC also found state-owned power company Electricite de France (EdF) had bought Eurodif's uranium at about 13% above market prices, and that the proceeds were then used to bankroll the sale the metal in the US at 19.5% below USEC prices.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/business/1792331.stm (790 words)

	EUROPA - Rapid - Press Releases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Today, the EU expressed its disappointment and concern at the decision taken by the United States Department of Commerce's to impose provisional countervailing duties on imports of low enriched uranium from the EU.
		For Eurodif (France) the DOC has found that the state-owned Electricité de France purchased Eurodif's LEU for more than adequate remuneration, thereby subsidising Eurodif.
		The preliminary anti-dumping findings are due to be issued on 5 July 2000, and any dumping margins found could be cumulated with the countervailing duty measures.
	europa.eu.int /rapid/start/cgi/guesten.ksh?p_action.gettxt=gt&doc=IP/01/672\|0\|RAPID&lg=EN (515 words)

	AREVA - Living better through advanced technology
		By taking a 50% stake in ETC, AREVA will have the necessary means and the most efficient technology in the world to launch the project to construct its future uranium enrichment plant.
		This plant, to be named Georges Besse II in memory of Eurodif's founder, will be built at the Tricastin site.
		Production capacity will be increased gradually starting in 2007 and reach its nominal level around 2016, with continued service provided to clients throughout that period.
	www.areva.com /servlet/ContentServer?pagename=arevagroup_en/PressRelease/PressReleaseFullTemplate&cid=1066914763019 (507 words)

	"Iskandar Safa and the French Hostage Scandal" (February 2002)
		Marchiani has always maintained that the hostages were released due to the settlement of the Eurodif affair.
		In 1974, the Shah of Iran lent the French consortium Eurodif $1 billion to establish a uranium enrichment plant in Tricastin, France, giving it the right to purchase 10% of the enriched uranium fuel produced by Eurodif.
		The Islamic revolutionary government, which took power in 1979, canceled the deal and demanded that the money and accumulated interest be reimbursed.
	www.meib.org /articles/0202_l2.htm (1913 words)

	World Nuclear Association \| News Briefings \| Nuclear Energy News \| News Briefing 03.38 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		However, the court also said that US countervailing duty law does apply to enrichment services, so DOC can impose duties on such imports if it finds that a foreign government is subsidizing its enrichment industry.
		In cases brought by USEC Inc against European enrichers Urenco and Eurodif, DOC imposed countervailing duties of 13.21% against Eurodif and 2.26% against Urenco.
		This case is still ongoing, and its outcome will not be known until all final rulings are made and appeals have been exhausted.
	www.world-nuclear.org /nb/nb03/nb0338.htm (1549 words)

	NTI: Global Security Newswire
		European imports were causing harm to the U.S. uranium enrichment industry, the commissioners said (U.S. State Department release, Jan. 22).
		Disagreement between the United States and the Europeans began when the U.S. Enrichment Corporation, the sole U.S. provider of enriched uranium, filed an unfair pricing lawsuit against the French-owned Eurodif and the British-Dutch-German consortium Urenco (USEC press release, Jan. 22).
		Officials at Cogema, Inc., the Canadian partner of Eurodif, said they adamantly opposed the U.S. Commerce Department’s earlier ruling in favor of USEC.
	www.nti.org /d_newswire/issues/thisweek/2002_1_24_othr.html (485 words)

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