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Topic: Europa (moon)

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Europa

Io (moon)

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Conamara Chaos

List of geological features on Europa

Metis (moon)

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	Europa
		Europa ("yoo ROH puh") is the sixth of Jupiter's known satellites and the fourth largest; it is the second of the Galilean moons.
		Europa was a Phoenician princess abducted to Crete by Zeus, who had assumed the form of a white bull, and by him the mother of Minos.
		Europa and Io are somewhat similar in bulk composition to the terrestrial planets: primarily composed of silicate rock.
	www.seds.org /nineplanets/nineplanets/europa.html (658 words)

	Europa (moon)
		Europa (ew-roe'-pa, /ju'ro:pa/ listen ▶(?), Greek Ευρώπη) is a moon of the planet Jupiter, smallest of the four Galilean moons.
		Although the name "Europa" was suggested by Simon Marius soon after its discovery, this name and the names of the other Galilean satellites fell out of favor for a considerable time, and was not revived in common use until the mid-20th century.
		Since Europa is tidally locked to Jupiter, and therefore always maintains the same orientation towards the planet, the stress patterns should form a distinctive and predictable pattern.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Astro/Europa.html (1523 words)

	NASA's Solar System Exploration: Planets: Jupiter: Moons: Europa
		There is a possibility that Europa may be internally active due to tidal heating at a level one-tenth or less that of Io.
		Models of Europa's interior show that beneath a thin 5 km (3 miles) crust of water ice, Europa may have oceans as deep as 50 km (30 miles) or more.
		The visible markings on Europa could be a result of global expansion where the crust could have fractured, filled with water and froze.
	solarsystem.nasa.gov /planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jup_Europa (194 words)

	Ice on Europa
		Europa is the smallest of Jupiter's Galilean satellites.
		However, the surface of Europa is not blanketed with impact craters, an indication that it may be relatively young and still mobile.
		Europa has a bulk density of about 3.0 grams per cubic centimeter, 3 times the density of water, so it is believed to be primarily composed of silicates.
	nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov /planetary/ice/ice_europa.html (849 words)

	Life on Europa
		Europa, like Mars and the Saturn moon Titan, is a laboratory for the study of conditions that might have led to the formation and evolution of life.
		This image of Europa, an icy satellite of Jupiter about the size of the Earth's Moon, was obtained from a range of 7415 miles (11933 kilometers) by the Galileo spacecraft during its fourth orbit around Jupiter and its first close pass of Europa.
		Europa, with water and heat energy provided by the moon's core, is now considered the leading contender for a second source of life in the solar system.
	www.resa.net /nasa/europa_life.htm (6429 words)

	Life on Europa?
		Europa seems to be resilient because its smooth surface may rest on a giant subterranean ocean.
		Since we already know that this moon is coated with frozen water and is not dense enough to be pure rock, the photos support the notion that Europa also contains water inside.
		Despite the frigid conditions in Jupiter's neighborhood, Europa's insides may be warmed by the interaction between Jupiter's immense gravity and the gravity of Europa and other moons.
	whyfiles.org /060moons/europa.html (576 words)

	Galileo Project: Galilean Moons - Europa
		In a gravitational tug of war of incredible dimensions, Europa is pulled in different directions by Jupiter and by the planet's other moons in a process called tidal flexing.
		The outer surface of Europa is a rigid sphere.
		Even if there is no ocean currently on Europa, one may have existed in the past, perhaps leaving fossilized remains to be found by a future mission.
	www2.jpl.nasa.gov /galileo/moons/europa.html (927 words)

	PSRD Feature Story: Europa's geology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Europa's outer shell, intriguing to geologists and astrobiologists alike, has been cited as evidence supporting a subsurface-ocean hypothesis.
		The types of changes that could be detected on Europa include increases in height and width of ridges; formation of new surface cracks; new or larger pits, domes, and spots; new bright or dark deposits of ice or frost; or movement of crustal blocks by either rotation, tilting, submersion, or lateral displacement.
		Europa, the sixth largest moon in the Solar System, is about 3,160 kilometers (1,950 miles) in diameter, or about the size of Earth's moon.
	www.psrd.hawaii.edu /Feb01/EuropaGeology.html (2969 words)

	Life on Europa? (2)
		Europa's average distance from Jupiter is 671,000 kilometers; it rotates in 3.55 days.
		Europa's surface is covered with frozen water at a nippy -260 Fahrenheit.
		Pulling off that stunt on a moon whose climate makes Antarctica seem tropical will be slightly tougher, particularly when the moon is so distant that radio waves take at least 35 minutes to reach it from Earth.
	whyfiles.org /060moons/europa2.html (604 words)

	Europa (moon) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Europa is named after Europa, daughter of Agenor, king of the Phoenician city of Tyre, now in Lebanon, and sister of Cadmus, founder of Thebes, Greece.
		Although the name "Europa" was suggested by Simon Marius soon after the moon's discovery, the name fell out of favor for a considerable time (as did those of the other Galilean moons), and was not revived in common use until the mid-20th century.
		There are very few craters on Europa, and its albedo is one of the highest of all moons.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Europa_(moon) (2162 words)

	Moon Miners' Manifesto: Europa II Workshop Report
		Europa's diameter, 1942 miles, is 90% that of the Moon's, 2160 miles.
		The duration of the overall combined manned mission to Europa, and the division of crew between surface base and submarine vessel, should be figured backwards from the amount of work to be done and the location from which it is to be conducted.
		Moon Miners' Manifesto is published 10 times a year by the Lunar Reclamation Society for Artemis Society International, several chapters of the National Space Society, and individual subscribers world-wide.
	www.asi.org /adb/06/09/03/02/110/europa2-wkshp.html (2834 words)

	Pictures of Europa - moon of Jupiter
		The complex mess of stripes are cracks in the surface of Europa that have been filled by material from inside Europa.
		The white is the surface layer of Europa.
		The possible internal structure of Europa is determined (deduced / inferred) by measuring the gravity and magnetic fields on Europa using instruments on NASA's Galileo spacecraft.
	www.the-planet-jupiter.com /europa-moon/europa-pictures.html (287 words)

	Jupiter's Moon Europa Suspected Of Fostering Life
		Europa, Jupiter's smallest moon, might not only sustain but foster life, according to the research of a University of Arizona professor.
		Europa, similar in size to Earth's moon, has been imaged by Galileo for the last 4 years.
		Europa, whose orbit around Jupiter is in-synch with its rotation, is able to keep the same face towards the gas giant for thousands of years.
	unisci.com /stories/20021/0211026.htm (724 words)

	Hubble Finds Oxygen Atmosphere On Jupiter's Moon Europa
		Europa's icy surface is exposed to sunlight and is impacted by dust and charged particles trapped within Jupiter's intense magnetic field.
		Europa is approximately the size of Earth's Moon, but its appearance and composition are markedly different.
		Europa was then at a distance of 425 million miles (684 million kilometers) from Earth.
	www.solarviews.com /portug/europapr.htm (656 words)

	Notes: JUPITER'S MOONS
		A sharper view of the Galilean moons was provided by the two Voyager spacecraft, which flew past Jupiter in 1979, and the Galileo spacecraft, which went into orbit around Jupiter in 1995.
		Note that the orbital period of Europa is twice that of Io, and the orbital period of Ganymede is twice that of Europa; these moons are in an orbital resonance.
		Europa, thanks to its pristine surface, reflects almost 70% of the light that strikes it.
	users.zoominternet.net /~matto/M.C.A.S/notes_jupiters_moons.htm (1348 words)

	Searching for life on Jupiter's moon Europa (12/98) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Europa Orbiter, a NASA mission in the early planning stages, that is scheduled for launch in 2003, is being designed specifically to look for evidence of a Europan ocean.
		As Europa travels in a slightly eccentric orbit around Jupiter, tides are raised, similar to the lunar tides on Earth.
		This image was taken by the Galileo spacecraft and shows an area of Europa's crust that appears to have undergone an episode of localized melting near the surface.
	www.stanford.edu /group/news/relaged/981209europa.html (908 words)

	NASA - Europa
		The surface of Europa, a moon of Jupiter, consists mostly of huge blocks of ice that have cracked and shifted about, suggesting that there may be an ocean of liquid water underneath.
		Europa, (yu ROH puh), is a large moon of Jupiter.
		The core of Europa may be rich in iron, but most of the satellite is made of rock.
	www.nasa.gov /worldbook/europa_worldbook.html (399 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Europe tells US: 'Come to Europa'
		Its covering of white and brownish-tinted ice is riven with cracks that are probably the result of stressing caused by the contorting tidal effects of Jupiter's strong gravity.
		But the pressure to go down to Europa's cracked and blotchy surface would be immense, said Professor John Zarnecki, the principal investigator on the surface science instruments loaded on to Huygens for its Titan descent.
		"The attraction of Europa is that it is a water world - the surface is frozen, of course, because of its exposure to cold space, but not far underneath the ice is an ocean of warm water.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/4347571.stm (974 words)

	Untitled Document
		To understand Europa, we must first understand its environment - the Jovian system - for the gas giant and the three other Galilean satellites play a key part in creating and maintaining the moon's local conditions.
		This suggests the surface of Europa is young - a few millions of years old at most - and implies that the surface ice is recycled.
		Europa, like Mars and the Saturn moon Titan, is a laboratory for the study of conditions that might have led to the formation of life in the Solar System.
	www.theguardians.com /Microbiology/gm_mbm80.htm (1407 words)

	Europa
		During occultation, Europa was positioned between the spacecraft and Earth, causing interruption in the radio signal.
		Europa is one of the four large Galilean satellites of Jupiter.
		Europa undergoes tidal heating similar to that driving the spectacular volcanism on the Jovian moon Io, and this heating may have been sufficient to melt the ice and maintain an ocean.
	www.resa.net /nasa/europa.htm (748 words)

	Europa
		Europa was first discovered by Galileo in 1610, making it one of the Galilean Satellites.
		Europa is named after one of Jupiter's girlfriends from Greek mythology.
		This means Europa is one of the few moons in the solar system with the possibility of a liquid water environment which could be friendly to life.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/jupiter/moons/europa.html (216 words)

	'Shocking' discovery boosts chance of life on Europa - 21 February 2003 - New Scientist
		Scientists simulating meteorite impacts on the frozen oceans of Europa have made an electrifying discovery, which raises the chances of finding life on Jupiter's moon.
		"Europa is a high priority target for exploration because the key ingredients for life seem to be there.
		Methane and ammonia are likely to be present in Europa's ice and the energy pumped into the ice by a meteorite impact will melt it.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn3421 (556 words)

	Searching For Life On Jupiter's Moon Europa
		Image taken by the Galileo spacecraft that shows an area on the surface of Jupiter's moon, Europa, which seems to have experience an episode of localized warming.
		Lack of cratering on Europa's surface indicates that it is very young -- less than 10 million years -- which suggests that it is being continually resurfaced, possibly by frost falling from liquid water geysers encountering Europa's frigid surface temperatures, which hover at -170 degrees Celsius;
		Theoretical estimates of the amount of heat produced by the gravitational push and pull exerted on Europa by the other Jovian moons indicate that it should be adequate to warm the moon's interior enough to sustain a liquid ocean.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1998-12/SU-SFLO-091298.php (879 words)

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