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	Pine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pines are coniferous trees of the genus Pinus, in the family Pinaceae.
		Pines are mostly monoecious, having the male and female cones on the same tree, though a few species are sub-dioecious with individuals predominantly, but not wholly, single-sex.
		Pines are commercially among the most important of species used for timber in temperate and tropical regions of the world.
	www.butte-silverbow.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Pine (1310 words)

	Scots Pine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris; family Pinaceae) is a common tree ranging from Great Britain and Spain east to eastern Siberia and the Caucasus Mountains, and as far north as Lapland.
		Scots Pine is the National tree of Scotland, and it formed much of the Caledonian Forest which once covered much of the Scottish Highlands.
		Scots Pine has also been widely planted in New Zealand and much of the colder regions of North America; it is listed as an invasive species in some areas there, including Ontario and Wisconsin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scots_Pine (656 words)

	European Black Pine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The European Black Pine Pinus nigra (generally called Black Pine in Europe), is a variable species of pine, occurring across southern Europe from Spain to the Crimea, and also in Asia Minor, Cyprus, and locally in the Atlas Mountains of northwest Africa.
		In the United States, European Black Pine is of little importance as a timber species.
		Most of the European Black Pine planted in the United States is from Austrian sources.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/European_Black_Pine (600 words)

	Black Pine Beetle
		The boring of the fl turpentine beetles causes resin to flow, harden and produce the characteristic pitch tubes, which are usually seen on the lower 4 to 5 feet of the trunk.
		Up until recently these two factors have been looked upon as primary cause for the death of Japanese fl pine which were at least 15 to 20 years of age and situated in the often stressful sites of the shore landscapes.
		On the other hand, arborists have been able to reduce losses of the Japanese fl pine to the fl turpentine beetles with a combination of timely insecticide sprays and increased maintenance, including quick removal of dying trees and their stumps.
	www.ocean-beach.com /home_blackpinebeetle.htm (1757 words)

	IPM : Landscape and Turf : Pine Moths
		The small, reddish, adult European and Nantucket pine moths are not likely to be seen, but their larvae or pupae may be found in damaged buds and shoots.
		The European pine shoot moth overwinters in the larval stage in the buds of pines.
		The European pine shoot moth is mainly a pest of Scotch, mugho, and red pine in northern Illinois.
	www.ipm.uiuc.edu /landturf/insects/pine_moth (531 words)

	* Black pine - (Plants): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		General Information: An excellent, small, irregularly-shaped Pine, the size and shape of Japanese Black Pine is variable reaching a height of 25 feet and a spread of 20 to 35 feet...
		The European Black Pine Pinus nigra (generally called Black Pine in Europe), is a variable species of (A coniferous tree) pine, occurring across southern (The 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia)...
		Japanese fl pine is a distinctive and picturesque evergreen with an open, irregular structure...
	www.bestknows.com /plants/black_pine.html (305 words)

	European Pine Shoot Moth - Agriculture / Weights & Measures - Community Development Agency
		European pine shoot moths were first found in the United States in New York in 1914.
		The Pherocon II trap is used for detecting the presence of European Pine Shoot Moth.
		European in origin, this insect pest is widely distributed through areas of the northeast and central United States and in the Pacific Northwest in Oregon and Washington.
	www.co.alameda.ca.us /cda/awm/agprograms/pestdetection/pineshoot.htm (505 words)

	Species:
		In general, there are three main groups of European fl pine races recognized: (1) the western group from around Austria, France, and Spain (Austrian and Pyrenees pines), (2) the central group (Corsican pine) from Corsica, Italy, and Sicily, and (3) the eastern group (Crimean pine) from the Balkans and the Crimea [11,23].
		European fl pine wood, however, is rougher, softer, and not as strong [21].
		European fl pine seedlings up to about 2 months of age are subject to predation by voles and rabbits; older seedlings apparently become unpalatable [21].
	www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/tree/pinnig/all.html (1792 words)

	European Starling
		Both are glossy fl with purplish and greenish iridescence on the head, back, and breast.
		European Starlings are dietary generalists, eating a variety of invertebrates, such as snails, worms, millipedes, and spiders, in addition to fruits, berries, grains, and seeds.
		The cup of the nest is constructed of coarse grass, twigs, pine needles, rootlets, and straw and is lined with moss, feathers, wool, and fresh leaves.
	www.shawcreekbirdsupply.com /european_starling_info.htm (790 words)

	E.J.N. - COURTNEY PINE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pine's emergence, and his wake a number of other young fl musicians is specially heartening.
		Pine was involved in the creation of the Abibi Jazz Arts organisation in London, a focus for the advancement of, in Courtney's worlds, "Afro-Classical music".
		Pine, through Abibi, was a prime mover in the creation of the Jazz Warriors, an all-fl big band.
	www.ejn.it /mus/pine.htm (581 words)

	Pine
		The European fl currant and gooseberry are more susceptible than the ordinary red currant which may be planted not closer than 400 feet from white pine.
		Austrian pines are particularly susceptible to this fungus which causes water-soaked spots or bands on the needles anytime from spring to fall.
		This adelgid infests white pine and is easily recognized by white cottony egg masses at the base of the needle clusters and by white flocculent patches, which are colonies of brown adelgids covered with wax secretion, on the trunks, base, and undersides of the larger branches.
	www.caes.state.ct.us /PlantPestHandbookFiles/pphP/pphpine.htm (2693 words)

	Black pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) resources in Albania[35] (M.Dida[36], F. Ducci[37] and G. Zeneli2)
		According to Vidakovic (1992), the Black Pine populations of Albania belong to the ssp.
		The Black Pine natural populations of Albania show a wide variation in morphology and growth characteristics, which cannot be explained without reference to the possible genetic differentiation into subspecies or ecotypes.
		Black Pine is found in only small scattered populations in the northern and southern mountain zones of Albania, including Malesi e Madhe (Vukel -Niksh, Razem), Tropoje (Lugina e Valbones), Vlore, (Llogara), Erseke (Radat Germenje) and Gjirokaster (Pillua).
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/004/Y2316E/y2316e0d.htm (1582 words)

	Pine
		Pines are monoecious: having male and female cones on the same tree.
		Pines are native to most of North America, ranging from the Arctic to Mexico and Nicaragua and the West Indies.
		Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata) and other common pine species are often grown commercially as a source of wood pulp for papermaking.
	www.backyardagora.com /glossary/pine.htm (405 words)

	Black Pine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Black pines may also be propagated by grafting and from cuttings.
		Pine needle scale is a white, elongated scale found on the needles.
		Pine tortoise scale is brown and found on twigs.
	bonsai-bci.com /species/black-pine.html (873 words)

	European Pine Sawfly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pine sawfly larvae can be present any time after mid-May. The small larvae can only chew the edge from the needle, but as they grow, they consume more and more of the needle until eventually they are eating the entire needle down to the stub.
		European pine sawfly larvae are grayish-green with 2 light stripes and 1 dark stripe on each side of the body.
		Pine sawfly larvae feed only on old needles that emerged in previous seasons and not on the new needles that are emerging now.
	www.ipm.iastate.edu /ipm/hortnews/1998/5-15-1998/epsawfly.html (376 words)

	Eastern White Pine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pines need a deep root system, and five-needle pines especially need a deep pot to avoid uprooting by wind, due to their dense foliage.
		For this reason, pines and other conifers should never be bare-rooted, unless steps are taken to re-introduce the fungus to the repotted plant, such as making a slurry (thin mud) of the old soil and pouring it over the newly potted soil.
		The larvae of White Pine weevils feed on the sapwood of the leaders and this is devastating to the tree.
	www.bonsai-bci.com /species/strobus.html (1137 words)

	PINE FACTS AND INFORMATION
		Pine needles are sometimes eaten by some Lepidoptera species including Pine_Processionary, Bordered_White (also known as Pine Looper), Pine_Beauty and Scalloped_Hazel, and also the Symphytan species Pine_Sawfly.
		The modern English name ''pine'' derives from Latin ''Pinus'' by way of French ''pin''; similar names are used in other Romance_languages.
		Some pines are used for Christmas_trees, and pine cones are also widely used for christmas decorations.
	www.bellabuds.com /pine (1212 words)

	Forest Health Fact Sheet - European Pine Sawfly - PA DCNR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		European pine sawfly larvae, when full grown, are grayish-green and measure from 18 to 25 mm long.
		Distribution and Host Plants The European pine sawfly was first discovered in New Jersey in 1925 and is now widely distributed throughout southern Ontario, the northeast and mid-western United States.
		Damage The first instar larvae of the European pine sawfly feeds exclusively on the needle surface which causes the needles to turn brown and wilt.
	www.dcnr.state.pa.us /forestry/leaflets/pinesawfly.htm (469 words)

	White Pine Blister Rust on Currants and Gooseberries, HYG-3205-98
		White pine blister rust is not a serious disease of currants and gooseberries; however, it is a very serious disease of white pines (Pinus strobus).
		White pine blister rust causes significant damage in pine forests by forming cankers on the branches of white pines.
		On white pine, the symptoms include dead branches, chlorotic foliage, branch girdling by lesions that exude resin or sticky yellowish fluid (spermagonia), cankers that are diamond-shaped to elliptic with a dead center surrounded by a band of yellowish-green infected bark, light yellow-orange aecia, and death of the tree.
	ohioline.osu.edu /hyg-fact/3000/3205.html (872 words)

	CCE - Suffolk County: The Japanese Black Pine - What's Happening (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The killing of cambium by this fungus often magnifies the injury from the fl turpentine beetle.
		Up until recently these two factors have been looked upon as the primary cause for the death of Japanese fl pine which were at least 15 to 20 years of age and situated in the often stressful sites of the seashore landscapes.
		On the majority of pines which had been cut down or were showing symptoms of decline, pitch tubes from the fl turpentine beetles were found at the trunk base.
	www.cce.cornell.edu /suffolk/grownet/tree-insect/japblpin.html (1621 words)

	European Pine Shoot Moth - Penn State Entomology Department Fact Sheet
		The European pine shoot moth is a key pest of ornamental pine plantings, pines in production nurseries, and Christmas trees in Pennsylvania.
		The front wings are orange-red marked with several irregular, wavy, silver stripes; the hind wings are dark gray, and the legs are white.
		Mature larvae are 12-15 mm long, light yellowish brown to brown with fl head capsules.
	www.ento.psu.edu /extension/factsheets/europeanPineShootMoth.htm (631 words)

	Picture sheet 8.1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This leaf cutter bee is a beneficial insect and not a pest.
		European pine sawflies removed the young foliage of this pine.
		This European pine sawfly is laying an egg in a Scotch pine needle.
	www.entm.purdue.edu /Entomology/research/cs/notes/307E/lab8/8.1.html (94 words)

	Lawn Care Tips on Controlling European Sawfly Larvae - Spring-Green.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The European pine sawfly is the one of the more common varieties.
		The white pine sawfly hatches later in the year and will feed on both the new and old growth.
		The white pine sawfly larvae are dark-colored and have rows of orange-yellow spots down its sides.
	www.spring-green.com /e_sawfly1.htm (631 words)

	Pinus strobus 'Glauca': 'Glauca' Eastern White Pine
		Young White Pines are quite tolerant of half-day shade while mature White Pines prefer a sunny location and tolerate loamy, moist, well-drained soils.
		Eastern White Pine is susceptible to salt injury from roads or drain fields and is sensitive to air pollution (particularly ozone and sulfur dioxide).
		The larvae of White Pine weevils feed on the sapwood of the leaders.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /BODY_ST476 (1091 words)

	Subspecies
		A sharp boundary between fl and white, or a relatively small and stable hybrid zone, on the other hand, shows that the two populations do not interbreed to any great extent and are indeed separate forms.
		If the two groups do not interbreed because of something intrinsic to their genetic make-up (perhaps fl frogs do not find white frogs sexually attractive, or they breed at different times of year) then they are different species.
		If, on the other hand, the two groups would interbreed freely provided only that some external barrier was removed (perhaps there is a waterfall too high for frogs to scale, or the populations are far distant from one another) then they are subspecies.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/s/su/subspecies.html (806 words)

	A complete model of growth and branching of European black pine
		Most of the fl pine stands in France are less than thirty years old and sylvicultural practices may vary.
		The fl pine growth model was based on the Austrian fl pine on calcareous soil developed by INRA.
		With the fl pine, Céline Meredieu successfully demonstrated that tree height growth depends on the space allotted them (on the competition).
	www.cemagref.fr /English/ex/rural-areas/BlackPine/Blackpine2.htm (629 words)

	Pine Shoot Moths (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Damage from these shoot borers is indicated by several terminal needles browning, with the eventual browning and death of the terminal shoot.
		The Nantucket pine tip moth adult is one-forth inch long, and silvery gray with rust colored patches.
		The European Pine Shoot Moth is similar in appearance, three-eighths inch long, with orange red front wings marked with silvery cross bands.
	www.agnr.umd.edu /USERS/HGIC/diagn/needle/shootmoths.html (240 words)

	Pine Sawfly Hatch Underway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Now is the time to begin watching pine trees for feeding damage by clusters of European pine sawfly larvae.
		These gray-green larvae with the shiny fl beady heads are common on mugo, Scots and red pine, and may be found on other pine species as well (white and Austrian pines are usually only attacked if interplanted with the more susceptible species).
		The phenological indicator plants and their stage of development that coincide with the onset of European pine sawfly egg hatch and presence of small larvae are:
	www.ipm.iastate.edu /ipm/hortnews/1992/4-29-1992/sawfly.html (161 words)

	White Pine Blister Rust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		White pine blister rust is the most serious disease of white pine in Maine.
		The fungal spore which carries the disease organism from Ribes to pine is fragile, rarely surviving airborne transport for distances exceeding 900 feet, even less where vegetation interferes with spore movement.
		Maine law prohibits the planting and cultivation of currants and gooseberries in most of southern Maine, and prohibits the planting and cultivation of European fl currants and their hybrids anywhere within the state.
	www.state.me.us /doc/mfs/dwhitep.htm (588 words)

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