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Topic: European Black Vulture

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American Black Vulture

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	Eurasian Black Vulture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This bird is an Old World vulture, and is not related to the New World vultures which are in a separate family Cathartidae.
		It is therefore also unrelated to the American Black Vulture despite the similar name and coloration.
		Among the vultures in it's range, the Eurasian Black Vulture is best equipped to tear open tough carcass skins, ably using it's powerful bill.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eurasian_Black_Vulture (312 words)

	New World vulture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		New World vultures are most probably not closely related to Old World vultures or other diurnal raptors, which themselves are often classified in different orders.
		There is no unequivocal European record fom the Neogene and trying to retrace the evolutionary history of the entire Ciconiiformes sensu Sibley and Ahlquist by means of molecular analysis has proven to be just as equivocal until the mid-2000s.
		An European genus from the Earliest Neogene that possibly belongs to the New World vultures is Plesiocathartes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/New_World_vulture (419 words)

	Friends With Feathers Turkey Vulture
		Turkey vultures flapping their wings and their rapid movements on a carcass was once thought to be fighting over a carcass, but today it is believed to be a cooperative effort to tear open the tough hides by pulling and tugging in opposite directions.
		Turkey vultures of New York state are migratory in that they migrate south each fall before the winter's snow cover halts the thermals needed for their flight.
		New world vultures are not related to the old world vultures (Asian, African or European vultures) or birds of prey such as the hawks and eagles or owls.
	www.frontiernet.net /~friendswithfeathers/turkeyvulture.html (932 words)

	The Rolex Awards: vulture reintroduction in France, M. Terrasse
		In summer 2003, seven young fl vultures were released in the gorges of the Jonte, bringing to an end a reintroduction programme launched 35 years ago by bird-lovers and spearheaded by Michel Terrasse.
		Until the 1940s in France, vultures were hunted, poisoned or simply allowed to starve to death because shepherds were forced – on pain of a fine – to bury animal carcasses, even though this action ran the risk of contaminating local sources of water.
		Today as vultures in the Balkans face problems similar to those in France in the 1930s – being hunted and poisoned, with a resulting decline in their numbers – Terrasse is assisting a programme to preserve birds of prey in the region.
	www.rolexawards.com /laureates/laureate1.jsp?id=60&x=29&y=5 (2197 words)

	Untitled1
		The Cinereous vulture can only be scared from a carcass by a wolf, the vulture's primary competitor for food throughout its range.
		Preferring to feed and nest apart from others of its kind, this great vulture is only occasionally seen sharing its living and roosting space with a small number of companions.
		Extinct in some areas where it previously bred, the fl vulture is listed as "seriously threatened" in Europe.
	www.vultures.homestead.com /Cinerous.html (468 words)

	The Vulture Lookout - The food chain
		In 1992 work started to reintroduce another species, the European fl vulture, completing the food chain formed by the other carrion birds: common ravens, fl and red kites, griffon vultures, and scavenger vultures.
		Only the bearded vulture; restricted to the Alps and Pyrenees, is not found in the Cévennes.
		It shares the spoils of griffon vultures, and also searches for dead animals, such as rabbits and hares, in partially wooded areas.
	www.vautours-lozere.com /vulture/pedago/09_chain_ali.htm (144 words)

	EUROPA - Environnement - Nature and Biodiversity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Cinereous Vulture breeds in loose colonies or solitarily.
		The Cinereous Vulture is bred in captivity in several European zoos, and the techniques for the reintroduction of captive-bred birds have been greatly refined and successfully applied in recent years (Tariel 1993, Tewes 1994).
		In all cases where Cinereous Vultures have been released in a particular area with the aim of establishing a new population it is essential that the birds are individually marked and monitored.
	ec.europa.eu /environment/nature/nature_conservation/focus_wild_birds/species_birds_directive/birdactionplan/aegypiusmonachus.htm (6308 words)

	ANIMAL BYTES - Vultures
		Vultures are such efficient feeders that they can pick the body of a small animal clean in less than half an hour.
		Vultures feed on the remains of dead animals, sticking their heads deep into the body cavity to pick bits of food.
		Vultures have long been misunderstood and persecuted by humans, suffering from loss of habitat, illegal hunting and poisons that can accumulate through time in their prey.
	www.seaworld.org /animal-info/animal-bytes/animalia/eumetazoa/coelomates/deuterostomes/chordata/craniata/aves/falconiformes/vultures.htm (859 words)

	Old World Vulture Studies
		The Cinereous Vulture is a globally threatened raptor with an estimated population of 100-200 pairs in Turkey.
		Israel is a wintering ground of GV from the Balkans and Turkey and a migration route for juveniles and sub-adult south-eastern European GV.
		The Black Vulture Conservation Foundation (BVCF) has been working since 1986 to re-establish a continuous population in the species' former European distribution area, by connecting the separate populations of Spain in the west and the Balkans in the east.
	www.raptors-international.de /LAST_CONFERENCE/Abstracts/Old_World_Vulture_Studies/hauptteil_old_world_vulture_studies.html (3596 words)

	Vulture
		Brown eyes, fl beak, legs pale blue-grey or whitish-yellow.
		The international trade of this species is regulated by the law, since it may become endangered without regulated trade.
		Riverside Zoo is proud to participate in the survival plan for this rare species of vulture.
	www.riversidezoo.org /animals/cinereous_vulture.htm (115 words)

	VULTURES and CONDORS
		In many parts of its European range this bird has become extinct from its usual haunts and some experts consider the European population may now be as low as 200 pairs.
		On the head and neck bluish grey skin is covered with flish down which, in juveniles, is much thicker and darker.
		Like most vultures this is not a vocal bird, but it does emit occasional croaks, mews and hisses during feeding or the breeding season.
	www.lairweb.org.nz /vulture/cinereous.html (563 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Animals - Children's Zone - Holiday Guide - Balearics - Black vulture
		The fl vulture has a wingspan of three metres, a big bill and a short neck and tail.
		European fl vultures can live for more than 40 years.
		The Northern mountains (La Sierra de Tramuntana) and the Cuber reservoir (Embalse de Cuber) are both good places to look for fl vultures in Mallorca.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/reallywild/features/holiday_guide/picpops/balearics_vulture.shtml (246 words)

	WWF - Bearded vulture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The bearded vulture is the Alps largest bird and one of the rarest raptors in Europe.
		The Bearded vulture reaches 1.15 m in size (from head to tail), its wingspan is around 2.7 m and it weighs about 5-7 kg.
		Bearded vultures have reddish yellow or white plumage on the head and breast with a grey fl tail and wings.
	www.panda.org /about_wwf/what_we_do/species/our_solutions/priority_species/bearded_vulture/index.cfm (385 words)

	The National Birds of Prey Centre - In Depth Info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The American Black Vulture is the smallest, although not the lightest - a little fl vulture to be found in many parts of the New World.
		The King Vulture is the most colorful of all the raptors, and the largest is the Andean Condor, weighing in at up to 28 lbs (over 12.5 Kg) and a wing span of nearly ten feet.
		They have a melanistic or fl phase, which is very striking and in the wild their nests are often occupied by and coated with the webs of colonial spiders.
	www.nbpc.co.uk /infodepth.htm (3721 words)

	Raptor Rehabilitation of Ky. - Turkey Vulture
		The theory is that when the first settlers arrived they thought that the large, fl vultures in the sky looked like the large, fl buzzards from their homeland, and the name stuck.
		The Black Vulture’s wings are held more level during flight, and its short tail allows its feet to extend beyond it.
		Personalities also differ greatly; the Black Vulture is by far the more aggressive of the two species, eagerly attacking anything in its vicinity.
	www.raptorrehab.org /raptors/tv.htm (1169 words)

	Egyptian Vulture (nertos)
		Due to their small size, Egyptian vultures normally have to be content with the leftovers from a carcass.
		Unless a truce was made to bury the dead, the corpses of fallen soldiers often became food for dogs and vultures (Homer, passim).
		Because of their contact with carrion, vultures were known for their bad smell.
	www.willamette.edu /cla/classics/Aristophanes/EgyptianVulture.html (245 words)

	EUROPA - Environment - LIFE- What is - LIFE-Nature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The specific objective of LIFE-Nature is to contribute to the implementation of Community nature protection legislation: the "Birds" Directive (79/409/EEC) and the "Habitats" Directive (92/43/EEC), and in particular the establishment of the "Natura 2000" network for the in situ management and conservation of Europe's most remarkable fauna and flora species and habitats.
		The European Union has allocated approximately €700 million for more than 800 LIFE-Nature projects, with a total budget of €1.3 billion for the period 1992-2005.
		Spain: protection of grasslands, wetlands, dunes, lagoons and coastal and maritime areas; protection of declining species (brown bear, European fl vulture, European mink, bats, etc).
	ec.europa.eu /environment/life/life/nature.htm (447 words)

	D4K Questions Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Old world vultures are conscidered birds of prey because they are closely related to hawks and eagles.
		Vultures could not clean their head feathers which could become a site for parasites or disease.
		The Vultures and condors in North and South America are not, as it is believed they are related to storks.
	www.idahoptv.org /dialogue4kids/questions.cfm?SubjectID=21 (3430 words)

	Cryptozoology.com
		He was MUCH larger than the Turkey Vultures, which had a wingspan of 6 feet max.
		Thus a large Old World vulture is as capable as a large eagle of picking up heavy prey, which is elevant to some of the Thunderbird reports.
		The Cinereous Vulture in particular is a good T-bird candidate in size and appearance.
	www.cryptozoology.com /forum/topic_view_thread.php?tid=7&pid=137144 (661 words)

	ARTIS - A Cultural Zoo
		Artis is taking part in breeding programmes for several vulture species.
		European fl vultures originate in the mountainous regions of Southern Europe.
		These days they are protected and birds born in captivity are being released into the wild at suitable locations.
	www.artis.nl /international/cultural/13.html (68 words)

	Dadia Forest Wildlife Reserve
		Today there are 19 vultures feasting on carrion; 13 of them are the protected fl vultures.
		Binoculars and a telescope are supplied and a park officer is on hand to keep visitors informed and in check—the birds may be hard of hearing but have eight times the strength of human eyesight and are sensitive to any movement in the forest.
		It is renowned as one of two remaining European feeding and breeding grounds (the other is in Spain) for rare raptors such as the fl and griffin vultures.
	www.greekembassy.org /Embassy/content/en/Article.aspx?office=1&folder=228&article=259 (505 words)

	CONTENTS
		Turkey vulture – 1 (1) in one zoo; northern goshawk – 3 (1) in one zoo; golden eagle – 1 (1) in one zoo; kestrel – 9 (1) in two zoos; collared scops owl – 1 in one zoo; eagle owl – 3 in one zoo; Blakiston’s fish owl – 2 in one zoo.
		The European Elephant Group's documentation on captive elephants in Europe and North America shows that surprisingly young females – from eight to ten years of age – are giving birth to their first calf, which means that they are being mated at the age of six to eight years.
		But the European fl vultures seem to have been very disturbed by the noisy building work on the new gibbon enclosure, and after several attempts to nest, they gave up breeding activity altogether.
	www.zoonews.ws /IZN/282/IZN-282.html (20844 words)

	Surfbirds Birding Trip Report: Spain - Castilla la Mancha & Extremadura - April - May 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The journey back to Torrejon was pretty uneventful apart from a Black eared Wheatear at the side of the road, and after a rest and a drink at the hotel we drove out along the Monroy road seeing a Red Kite en-route.
		Then I picked up more sandgrouse and identified them as our first 4 Black bellied Sandgrouse, followed by 4 more which were joined by a couple more Pin tails making their plumage and structural differences easy to make out.
		We had heard of a possible Black shouldered Kite site just outside Monfrague so we drove through the park stopping only at Portilla de Tietar where again we saw the adult Spanish Imperial Eagle and the young Eagle Owl at their nests.
	www.surfbirds.com /trip_report.php?id=924 (3590 words)

	Texas Precancel Stamp Club Personality
		The United Devices Cancer Research Project is asking you to volunteer your PC to help process molecular research being conducted by the Department of Chemistry at the University of Oxford in England and the National Foundation for Cancer Research.
		The vultures have contributed 2,622 YEARS (rank #3) of computer time of the overall 375,909 YEARS computed so far.
		CARRION profile LigandFit devices condor/ griffon/ turkey vulture/ fl vulture/ king vulture/ palm-nut vulture/ Pondicherry vulture/ Himalayan griffon/ lammergeier/ Egyptian vulture/ Cape vulture/ white-backed vulture/ Rueppels griffon/ Eurasian griffon/ cinerous vulture/ white-headed vulture/ California/ condor/ hooded vulture/ lappet-faced vulture Athlon K7-4 1Ghz (processor score 100);
	tx4.us /personal.htm (745 words)

	Deserts of the World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Originally established in 1970 as a 360-acre wilderness preserve, The Living Desert is one of the Coachella Valley’s top tourist destinations, hosting almost 300,000 visitors each year.
		The cinereous or European fl vulture has a wing span of more than nine feet and is as large as the California condor.
		The animals are retained in open enclosures, often displaying indigenous plants, rocks and trees for a life-like environment.
	www.vvdailypress.com /2001-2003/93210840084429.html (597 words)

	Birding Spain
		There were 7 species (Spanish Imperial Eagle, Bonelli’s Eagle, Black Vulture, Great Bustard, Azure-winged Magpie, White-headed Duck, and Marbled Duck) needed by some or all of us and available at this time of year, plus Eagle Owl, which Paul and I had only heard.
		Griffon Vultures were also of course much in evidence, and much of the day was spent at the Mirador de la Bascula sifting through the spiralling masses for other raptors.
		By 5pm most of the vultures were already back down on the crags for the night, and we were resigned to a dip.
	www.birdlist.co.uk /spain2003.htm (2126 words)

	Milvus migrans
		The Black Kite is more compact in shape than a Red Kite and is a duller, darker brown, lacking the red colours and the obvious white wing panels.
		Indeed, it is more likely to be mistaken for a female Marsh Harrier or a dark morph Booted Eagle but has more angular wings which it holds level or slightly drooping.
		The European population is between 26,000-29,000 breeding pairs.
	www.birdguides.com /html/vidlib/species/Milvus_migrans.htm (239 words)

	Stop the Road through Kavkazsky Zapovednik
		This area serves as habitat for rare endemic amphibians and reptiles of the Caucasus: Dinnik viper (Vipera dinniki), Caucasus viper (Vipera kaznakowi), banded newt (Triturus vittatus), Caucasian newt (Triturus vulgaris lantzi), and Caucasian parsley frog (Pelodytes caucasicus).
		Rare bird species inhabiting the region include the bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus), griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus), honey buzzard (Pernis apivorus), golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetus), European fl vulture (Aegypius monachus), Caucasian flcock (Lyrurus mlokoseiwiczi), Caucasian snowcock (Tetraogallus caucasicus), corncrake (Crex crex), and wallcreeper (Tichodroma muraria).
		The meeting was largely devoted to considering the results from a feasibility study on the motorway line selection from Maikop up to the Black Sea coast, developed by the North-Caucasian branch GiprodorNII.
	www.russianconservation.org /alert/kavkmoreinfo.html (2536 words)

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