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Topic: European Brown Hare

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	ooBdoo
		Hares and jackrabbits are leporids belonging to the genus Lepus.
		Normally a shy animal, the European Brown Hare changes its behaviour in spring, when hares can be seen in broad daylight chasing one another around meadows; this appears to be competition between males to attain dominance (and hence more access to breeding females).
		There is evidence to suggest that there was some sort of taboo regarding hares in the Proto-Indo-European culture; this is especially notable due to the likelihood that the common word for hare, kasos, which literally means "the grey one", was a euphemism for a previous and now lost word for hare*.
	www.oobdoo.com /wikipedia/?title=Hare (719 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Long-term patterns in European brown hare population dynamics in Denmark: effects of ...
		The European brown hare is a typical grass steppe herbivore, and inhabits primarily open landscapes, including cultivated farmland [11], which is the predominant landform in Denmark [1].
		European brown hares mainly forage on grasses and herbs [12], and cereals such as wheat are preferred during winter [29,30], which seems to contradict the results of our analyses.
		European brown hares mainly move along field margins [12,33], and the increasing field size [34] combined with the general loss of suitable habitats possibly force hares to aggregate in the remaining patches of non-agricultural and non-urbanized land.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1472-6785/4/15 (4221 words)

	ANIMAL Teachers: Warm-Blooded Ones: Brown Hare (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Because Brown Hare is usually seen at dawn and dusk, He is associated with the moon.
		During their mating season, fields of Brown Hares can be seen leaping in the air, chasing and boxing each other.
		Baby Hares are born with open eyes and with fur, while Baby Rabbits are naked and dependent on their Mothers.
	www.funkman.org /animal/mammal/brownhare.html (308 words)

	[No title]
		Hares are mainly nocturnal but can be seen during the day, sometimes crouching down in a small depression in the ground called a “form” or in a ploughed furrow.
		Brown hares can live up to 7 years, although most live less than two years, and there is a very high mortality of leverets.
		The brown hare is a priority species for conservation in the UK and has its own Biodiversity Action Plan, with the aim of doubling the population size by 2010.
	www.ifaw.org /ifaw/general/default.aspx?oid=121384 (1210 words)

	Conserving the Brown Hare : A Biodiversity Action Plan
		Hares are nocturnal for most of the autumn and winter so most that are seen will have been disturbed.
		Grey areas are unsuited to brown hares for a variety of reasons.
		The brown hare was one of the first animals to be considered in the Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) programme.
	www.gct.org.uk /brownhare/biodiversity.html (379 words)

	Summary of report: Farming European Brown Hare
		Examples of small hare breeding ventures in the high country in the north of Italy, in France and in some Eastern European countries have shown that captive hare breeding is technically possible, although only when specific conditions are met and cage design and husbandry is properly managed.
		Hare behaviour in captivity is significantly different from the wild and it would appear that these enforced changes in an animal which has never been domesticated, contribute to the reproductive problems.
		Advice from one agency suggested that it would be unlikely that a tourist facility would be permitted to be associated with hare breeding areas due to the injuries that may occur to the animals through the flight reaction to the presence of humans.
	www.rirdc.gov.au /reports/NAP/00-75sum.html (807 words)

	Calicivirus Infections
		European brown hare syndrome was observed in Europe several years before viral hemorrhagic disease was diagnosed in domestic rabbits.
		Because the first recognized outbreak in China occurred in rabbits imported from Europe and since reports of a similar disease in European hares predates the outbreak in China, the original source of the agent of viral hemorrhagic disease may have been wild Leporidae (Lepus europaeus and Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Europe (Loliger and Eskens, 1991).
		Subsequently, the disease was reported in several European countries in 1987 and 1988 (Patton 1989; Gregg and House, 1989; Parra and Prieto, 1990).
	www.morfz.com /vhd.html (521 words)

	EUROPEAN BROWN HARE SYNDROME IN FREE-LIVING MOUNTAIN HARES (LEPUS TIMIDUS) AND EUROPEAN BROWN HARES (LEPUS EUROPAEUS) ...
		EUROPEAN BROWN HARE SYNDROME IN FREE-LIVING MOUNTAIN HARES (LEPUS TIMIDUS) AND EUROPEAN BROWN HARES (LEPUS EUROPAEUS) IN FINLAND 1990-2002 -- Syrjälä et al.
		European brown hare syndrome was not diagnosed in southern Finland
		———, H. European brown hare syndrome in free-ranging hares in Poland.
	www.jwildlifedis.org /cgi/content/full/41/1/42 (2335 words)

	Critter Control
		These hares are of the genus Lepus and are represented primarily by the fltail jackrabbit, the whitetail jackrabbit, and the snowshoe hare.
		The snowshoe hare is 13 to 18 inches (33 to 46 cm) long and weighs 2 to 4 pounds (0.9 to 1.8 kg).
		The European hare is the largest of the hares in the Northeast, weighing 7 to 10 pounds (3.1 to 4.5 kg) and reaching 25 to 27 inches (63 to 68 cm) in size.
	www.crittercontrol.com /?doc=resources_af_jackrabbits (971 words)

	SSAA - Dare to cook hare
		Serve with roasted or mashed potatoes, mustards and fried onions or turn it into a very sophisticated dish for four by serving it with the saddles and a fine glaze.
		Add the oil and lard and when it has melted, add the onions and garlic, seasoning, juniper and bay leaves and cook on low heat until the onion is very dark brown and caramelised.
		Add the meat and cook, stirring until it is grey, and then start to add the shiraz, a couple of tablespoons at a time at about 15-minute intervals.
	www.ssaa.org.au /newssaa/101-StoriesReviews/cooking/cookhare.shtml (1028 words)

	O Hare
		Normally a shy animal, the European Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus) changes its behaviour in spring, when hares can beseen in broad daylight chasing one another around meadows; this appears to be competition between males to attain dominance (andhence more access to breeding females).
		For a long time it had been thought that this was more inter-male competition, but closer observation has revealed that itis usually a female hitting a male; either to show that she is not yet quite ready to mate, or as a test of hisdetermination.
		By contrast, the related rabbits and cottontailrabbits are altricial, having young that are born blind and hairless.
	www.lottery-news.net /dust30297-o_hare.html (445 words)

	VHD Biological Abs Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Hares, guinea pigs, white mice, golden and Chinese hamsters, chinchillas and hysterectomy- derived, colostrum-deprived piglets were resistant to infection.
		TI: Susceptibility of hares and rabbits to a Belgian isolate of European brown hare syndrome virus.
		AB: Signs and pathologic changes in European brown hare syndrome (EBHS) were reproduced in four hares (Lepus europaeus) after experimental inoculation of a liver suspension from hares from Belgium, which naturally died of EBHS.
	www.cs.cf.ac.uk /Rabbits/vhdart.html (6029 words)

	Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, 5th edition, 2004
		Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) is a highly contagious and acute fatal disease of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), caused by a calicivirus.
		The disease in hares lasts slightly longer and causes a lower mortality rate (around 50%) than RHD in rabbits; the peak of mortality in experimentally infected hares is commonly observed between 60 and 90 hours post-infection.
		This is because the disease of hares is often subacute or chronic and therefore the virus has the antigenic and structural characteristics typical of the s-RHDV particles (8).
	www.oie.int /eng/normes/mmanual/A_00117.htm (8862 words)

	Hare - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Facsimile of a Miniature in the Manuscript of Phoebus (Fifteenth Century).
		Night of the Lepus features a number of murderous hares.
		The hare in the fable The Tortoise and the Hare, attributed to Aesop
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hare (717 words)

	Manual of standards for diagnostic tests and vaccines, 4th edition, 2000
		A similar disease, termed European brown hare syndrome (EBHS), has been described in the hare (Lepus europaeus); the aetiological agent is a different calicivirus, antigenically related to the RHD virus (RHVD).
		The behaviour of affected hares during the disease has been observed in animals in captivity because wild hares are most often found dead due to the rapid course of the infection.
		Phylogenetic analysis of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and European brown hare syndrome viruses by comparison of sequences from the capsid protein gene.
	www.oie.int /fr/normes/mmanual/ancien_manuel/A_00101.htm (9432 words)

	Hoffmann Acquisition (Getty Press Release)
		Measuring 24 1/4 by 30 3/4 inches, the engaging painting depicts a golden brown hare in a verdant clearing at the edge of a pine forest, chewing a leaf from a nearby stand of Lady's Mantle.
		Hoffmann's hare dwells amid the wondrous diversity of nature, a vivid tableau of plants and trees, butterflies and snails, a robin, a lizard, a grasshopper.
		A Hare in the Forest is the quintessential example of the late 16th-century Kunstkammer (art treasury) aesthetic that celebrated the marvels of art and nature.
	www.getty.edu /news/press/exhibit/hare.html (631 words)

	Brown Hare Action Project - Ecology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The brown hare is a common and conspicuous farmland species in
		hare hunters suggest that since the early 1980s the hare population has remained relatively
		areas of high hare density, it is unclear whether the hare population is stable in the
	www.warwickshire-wildlife-trust.org.uk /brownhare/ecology.htm (235 words)

	[No title]
		The Elisa for EBHSV uses a convalescent anti-EBHSV hare serum as tracer and the antigen is EBHSV.
		N° of hare sera examined = 962 (idem) In rabbits the serological tests were carried out mainly for epidemiological survey in few outbreaks of RHDV; in hares for epidemiologica surveillance.
		The hare sera were taken from farmed and wild animals both coming from inside the Country (N° 625) as well as from abroad at importation in Italy: Czech Repubblic and Slovakia (86), Poland (121), Hungary (23), Uruguay (25).
	www.bs.izs.it /Referenza/CREMAVILA/OIE93.DOC (473 words)

	Seed insecticides (Torsten Brinch)
		Possibly, acute deaths of hares,the European Brown Hare Syndrome (EBHS), have been directly caused by the chemical compound isofenphos, which is widely used in the EEC for seed dressing in oilseed rape.
		In particular: the concentration of deaths in a short period spring and autumn, the sudden appearance in areas widely separated, healthy hare populations in close proximity to heavily affected, the seemingly close connection to winter oilseed rape 00, and the observed CNS-symptoms by affected animals.
		When numbers of dead hares are found in or close to cultivated fields, one should immediately suspect the possibility of agrochemical poisoning.
	yarchive.net /env/seed_insecticides.html (1642 words)

	RHD In The US - Potential For Cross Species Infection In The US
		In August 1995, in Poland (Frolick 1995), three test sera out of 100 were positive to RHDV in hares and two of these had antibodies to the European Brown Hare Virus.
		Reports indicate that Rabbit hemorrhagic disease killed a wild hare in China and tissue from this Hare produced rabbit hemorrhagic disease in exposed Rabbits.
		The genetics of the European Brown Hare Syndrome Virus have been compared to the genetics of RHD and there are strong similarites.
	www.vhdcoalition.org /hare.html (487 words)

	European Brown Hare Syndrome in Wild European Brown Hares from Greece -- Billinis et al. 41 (4): 783 -- Journal of ...
		European Brown Hare Syndrome in Wild European Brown Hares from Greece -- Billinis et al.
		: From 1999 to mid-2003, 97 European brown hares (Lepus europaeus)
		for the presence of European brown hare syndrome (EBHS) and
	www.jwildlifedis.org /cgi/content/abstract/41/4/783 (211 words)

	Wildlife research TiHo Hannover - RESEARCH
		(1995): Survival pattern of European hare in a decreasing population.
		(2004): Long-term patterns in European brown hare population dynamics in Denmark: effects of agriculture, predation and climate.
		(2005b): A quantitative analysis of the abundance and demography of European hares Lepus europaeus in relation to habitat type, intensity of agriculture and climate.
	www.tiho-hannover.de /einricht/wildtier/juha_e.htm (420 words)

	All About Hares
		Hares and jackrabbits belong to family Leporidae, and mostly in
		A common type of hare in arctic North America is the Snowshoe
		be seen "boxing"; one hare striking another with its paws.
	petcaretips.net /all-about-hares.html (432 words)

	RHDV is not species specific to the European Rabbit
		Wellington, New Zealand 30-31 March 1998, a paper was presented that indicated that hares may be infected by RHDV at very high doses.
		Others in China also report that European Brown Hares became exposed and presumably infected with RHDV (Xu 1991).
		Reports indicate that Rabbit hemorrhagic disease killed a wild hare in China and that animals' tissue produced rabbit hemorrhagic disease in exposed rabbits and this was reported in the literature cited.
	members.iinet.net.au /~rabbit/hares.htm (586 words)

	Macintosh HD:intervet2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In this country, the European rabbit (Oryctolagus) is highly susceptible to the disease.
		A major insect parasite which transmits the disease in this country is the rabbit flea which is frequently found on wild rabbits although is less common on pet rabbits.
		In other countries including some European countries, it is known that mosquitoes are a major insect vector of myxomatosis Although this has never been proved in Britain, there is strong circumstantial evidence that mosquitoes transmit myxomatosis in the United Kingdom.
	www.cs.cf.ac.uk /Rabbits/intervet.html (1349 words)

	Molecular epidemiology of Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus -- Moss et al. 83 (10): 2461 -- Journal of General Virology
		British and European RHDV sequences, it is concluded that RHDV
		Nowotny, N., Bascunana, C. R., Ballagi-Pordany, A., Gavier Widen, D., Uhlen, M. and Belak, S. Phylogenetic analysis of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and European brown hare syndrome viruses by comparison of sequences from the capsid protein gene.
		Ros Bascunana, C., Nowotny, N. and Belak, S. Detection and differentiation of rabbit hemorrhagic disease and European brown hare syndrome viruses by amplification of VP60 genomic sequences from fresh and fixed tissue specimens.
	vir.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/83/10/2461 (4011 words)

	326 Zoological Medicine, Spring and Fall 2004 - OpenCourseWare - Tufts University
		It is antigenically similar to the calicivirus causing European brown hare syndrome (reported 1st in Sweden in the early 80's).
		In most locations, European brown hare syndrome appeared in hares several years before the emergence of viral hemorrhagic disease in rabbits.
		Wild rabbits (cottontails) appear to be better at healing and concurring infections than their domestic European counterparts.
	ocw.tufts.edu /Content/5/CourseHome/215910 (5244 words)

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