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	European Carp photos and information
		European carp have a small mouth with no teeth and one pair of barbels at each corner of the mouth.
		European carp are an introduced species in Australia, and are now distributed throughout southern Australia.
		European carp are tolerant of a variety of environmental conditions, including high salinities and low oxygen concentrations.
	www.sea-ex.com /fishphotos/carp,.htm (228 words)

	Harvesting the River: : : Common Carp -- Illinois State Museum
		Carp were introduced in 1885 because of their use as a food fish by the many immigrants from Europe.
		The carp population grew rapidly; by 1908 the commercial catch was 15.5 million pounds or 64 percent of the total catch from the Illinois River and its lakes.
		Carp adapt to polluted water, but since 1950, few have reached their maturity of up to two feet in length.
	www.museum.state.il.us /RiverWeb/harvesting/harvest/fish/species/common_carp.html (384 words)

	Carp in Australia - Agfact (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Carp prefer warm, still waters with silt bottoms, and surveys consistently show that they are more abundant in permanent wetlands and lakes than in the main river channels.
		Carp that are too large to be consumed by fish and bird predators are often the only dead fish found on the bed of recently dried-up waterways.
		Carp are often found in large numbers in shallow, flooded areas that may act as nursery areas for native fish larvae and juveniles.
	www.irysec.vic.edu.au /sci/introduced/carpfact.html (4202 words)

	Carp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		European carp spawn in spring to late summer at water temperatures between 17°C and 25°C, with a spawning group consisting of 1 female and 2—3 males.
		European carp first appeared in commercial catches in inland fisheries in the early 1970s (catch records for carp before this date are thought to consist of a mixture of goldfish and European carp).
		Fisheries and Wildlife Division (1976) The European carp fishery of Victoria.
	adl.brs.gov.au /fishstats/atlas/37165003.cfm (1904 words)

	Carp - NSW DPI - Fisheries
		Carp are now the most abundant fish species in many NSW rivers, accounting for 90% of the fish biomass (total weight of fish caught) in some areas of the Murray-Darling Basin.
		Carp are widely believed to have detrimental effects on native aquatic plants, animals and general river health, particularly through their destructive feeding habits.
		Carp are often found in degraded areas, although it is not clear whether they cause the degradation or are simply able to survive in areas where native fish have been eliminated.
	www.fisheries.nsw.gov.au /threatened_species/general/content/fn_carp.htm (2071 words)

	The Murray Club - Fishing - Carp
		Carp are accused of a multitude of problems that plague our inland river systems, from the decline of native fish to degrading habitats.
		Carp are believed to have been brought to Australia as early as the 1850’s, during the time when ‘acclimatisation’ was till fashionable and exotic species were released into our harsh environment to make it more compatible with a European lifestyle.
		Large-scale control of carp might be achieved by manipulating their genetic structure to disrupt breeding, to induce early death or to disrupt other aspects of their population dynamics such as manipulating gender ratios.
	www.murrayriver.com.au /members-club/fishing/carp.htm (2057 words)

	"Iowa Fish & Fishing" - common carp
		Carp are omnivorous feeders, taking both vegetable and animal matter in their diet.
		Carp were distributed widely across the United States by the U.S. Fish Commission during the latter part of the 19th century, but problems developed rapidly as carp escaped from pond culture and spread into other habitat -- soon distribution and stocking ceased.
		Carp, in their normal activities can change the aquatic habitat, and man has in many instances altered natural environments that favor carp.
	www.iowadnr.com /fish/iafish/carp.html (876 words)

	Education - Encyclopedia: Fish - European Carp
		The European Carp (or Common Carp), was introduced in 1872 and has spread extensively in south-eastern Australia and the Murray-Darling Basin, particularly in the 1960s and 1970s.
		The fish are omnivorous and their feeding habits cause damage to the substrate (riverbed) and increase the water's turbidity (muddiness).
		Carp have always been caught and farmed for food in Europe and Asia but Australians find them unappealing in taste.
	www.mdbc.gov.au /education/encyclopedia/wildlife/fish/european_carp.htm (145 words)

	The Campaign to Label Genetically Engineered Foods: News Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The subject of all this security is darting about a tank lining one wall of an inner chamber: the 2-inch-long zebra fish, an unexceptional aquarium dweller procured from a local pet store — except that some of these translucent striped fish carry prototypes of the daughterless gene in their gonads.
		As Thresher and I talk carp, foxes — smuggled in from the mainland — are roaming the Tasmanian bush and may be establishing a beachhead.
		European governments say they won't approve any new GM crops until more robust labeling requirements are in force.
	www.thecampaign.org /News/sept02o.htm (3587 words)

	Carp in Victoria
		Anyone having Carp in their control was to notify the Department; its officers were allowed to enter private property to destroy the fish; anyone possessing Carp and failing to notify the Department was liable to a fine of $1,000.
		Female Carp were to be taken from the river before they were ready to spawn and subjected to ionising radiation of an intensity which would not affect their spawning naturally with wild males but would render all the progeny sterile.
		Carp are defined as being pests when they occur in biomass densities greater than 450 kg/ha in ecologically, recreationally and economically valuable water bodies, unless there are strong arguments for acting at lower biomass densities.
	www.dpi.vic.gov.au /dpi/nreninf.nsf/LinkView/003B2459FACC560ECA256BEC0029F313E9DC97C697CE0E244A256DEA00290399 (5473 words)

	The Academy of Natural Sciences - Education - Know Your Environment - Invaders from Earth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Carp are indiscriminate eaters of aquatic vegetation, and they often remove the plants where young fish hide and ducks feed.
		Without its European predators and competitors, there was very little to keep the carp population in check, and many fishing waters became overrun with the new fish.
		Carp are considered "trash fish" by most anglers, and they have made many fishing areas unappealing to both recreational and commercial fishermen.
	www.acnatsci.org /education/kye/hi/exotics.html (3346 words)

	Fish note - Carp (Cyprinus carpio) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Carp have large scales, a deeply forked tail, single dorsal fin and two pairs of fleshy whiskers (or barbels) in the corners of their upper lip.
		In Queensland carp have established throughout the Murray-Darling River in the Condamine-Balonne catchment, Paroo River, Warrego River, Nebine Creek, Culgoa River, Barwon River and MacIntyre River.
		Carp are also abundant in the Logan and Albert rivers south of Brisbane.
	www.dpi.qld.gov.au /fishweb/2347.html (687 words)

	Changing Attitude
		Carp are credited with the ability to recognize a hook-bait that has fooled them before and reject it, with lifetime recall.
		Carp have been known to play an angler to his wits end and mock him with a slap of their tail at the lip of the net, breaking line and heart at the same moment.
		Carp may or may not be responsible for destroying bass nests, but for all the controversy, bass continue to thrive.
	www.angelfire.com /ct2/EuroTackle/indexarticleconor.html (582 words)

	National Carp Task Force (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Carp are believed to have been brought to Australia as early as the 1850's, during the time when 'acclimatisation' was still fashionable and exotic species were released into our 'harsh' environment to make it more compatible with a European lifestyle.
		Carp are often accused of contributing nutrients to waters in their excreta and by eating daphinia water fleas which predate on algae.
		Carp are also particularly tolerant of degraded environments, so the use of poison in quantities large enough to affect carp is likely to have significant impact on native plants and animals.
	www.recfishoz.com /NCTF (2959 words)

	issg Database: Ecology of Cyprinus carpio
		Carp are reported to grow to over one metre in length, and about 40kg in weight.
		Trautman (1981) found common carp most abundant in streams enriched with sewage or with substantial runoff from agricultural land, but he reported it to be rare or absent in clear, cold waters, and streams of high gradient, (Nico, 1999).
		Common carp are frequently cultured and are of great commercial value as a food fish both over their native and introduced range, (Aguirre and Poss, 2000).
	www.issg.org /database/species/ecology.asp?si=60&fr=1&sts= (2055 words)

	Ingenious plan to wipe out European carp - theage.com.au
		The species is European carp, which is choking the Murray-Darling river system and leaving little habitat for native fish such as the Murray cod.
		Nor could carp elsewhere be affected if some of the genetically modified carp were put in their rivers.
		Carp were introduced to the rivers a century ago and bred astonishingly quickly - a female may lay as many as a million eggs.
	www.theage.com.au /articles/2002/05/09/1020914030439.html (425 words)

	Common Carp
		Although carp are generally considered a nuisance by North American anglers, they are highly prized as sportfish in Europe, as they are often excellent fighters.
		Carp are primarily a warm water species, and do very well in warm, muddy, highly productive (eutrophic) waters.
		Common carp are native to temperate portions of Europe and Asia.
	www.cumberlandcoveresort.com /Pictures/fishid/carp.html (335 words)

	Charlie Carp Fertiliser : Australian manufacturer and marketer of CHARLIE CARP Products made from European Carp
		Since being introduced to our waterways, European carp have been responsible for the destruction of vast areas of our precious inland rivers, lakes and streams.
		Their feeding habits increase the muddiness or turbitiy of the water, river banks are undermined causing trees to fall into the water.
		Carp in turn feed on the eggs of the native fish further endangering them.
	www.charliecarp.com /environment.htm (295 words)

	Fish note - Carp (Cyprinus carpio) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Carp have large scales, a deeply forked tail, single dorsal fin and two pairs of fleshy whiskers (or barbels) in the corners of their upper lip.
		Fish poisons have been used to eradicate carp in ponds and small dams, but are not practical for rivers and streams as these poisons also kill native fish.
		Biological control methods, such as manipulating the genetic structure of carp to disrupt their breeding or bring an early death, are being investigated.
	www2.dpi.qld.gov.au /fishweb/2347.html (688 words)

	Corn fed Carp, European style (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Fortunately for Carp and Carp anglers, the attitudes of many popular North American fishing shows and organizations have changed their views on this unappreciated and under estimated sport fish.
		In the UK and Europe however, Carp fishing is one of the most popular types of freshwater fishing, generating hundreds of millions of dollars per year from tackle, bait, equipment and license fees.
		Carp will generally move around the shoreline of a lake or pond in search of a meal, usually in numbers too.
	www.eurocanadianoutfitters.com /carp.html (1849 words)

	Carp
		Carp is a holiday favorite in China and among Eastern European Jews.
		Carp is a holiday favorite in China, where it is steamed or poached, and among Eastern European Jews, who use it to make gefilte fish.
		When well wrapped, carp can be frozen for up to two months in a refrigerator freezer and for three to four months in a deep-freeze.
	www.naturesbounty.com /vf/healthnotes/HN_live/Food_Guide/Carp.htm (1141 words)

	Carp-EATM Page
		Carp spawn in the spring and early summer in weedy, grassy, shallow areas of lakes and streams.
		Carp are both bottom and surface feeders, and consume a variety of plant and animal tissue from mollusks to mulberries.
		Carp can be caught from early spring to late fall, making it a popular species in the hot summer months.
	www.iisgcp.org /exoticsp/carp.htm (1041 words)

	Carp: a case study
		Carp is a species that is native to many temperate regions of Asia.
		Carp are a pest in Australia because they contribute to the degradation of waterways in a number of different ways.
		The technology involves manipulating only carp genes and as such is aiming to produce a biocontrol mechanism highly specific to carp, thereby minimising the risk to non-target species.
	www.biotechnologyonline.gov.au /enviro/carp.cfm (693 words)

	Carp! The European Bass! Stocking and Management. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Gary Kislingbury with a QEII Common Carp of 15lb 4oz caught at the QEII on 31st October.
		This is the biggest Carp out of the QEII this year.
		This photo was taken after a lot of the fish were removed from the drain and it is estimated by the EA that the fish loss could be between 7500 and 10000.
	www.skguideservice.com /artman/pub/article_328.php (1118 words)

	Carp :: Fishresource.com
		Carp are not aggressive strikers nor do they stalk their prey like other game fish, but when hooked, carp are very strong freshwater fish.
		Carp are formidable fighters and commonly weigh more than twenty pounds, but the average river and lake carp weigh 2 to 5 pounds.
		Carp are weary in shallow water, and the deeper water most often holds the larger fish anyway.
	www.fishresource.com /fish/fish009.asp (880 words)

	European Carp - Fisheries Research and Development Corporation (FRDC)
		European carp and redfin can be cooked either as fillets or whole, but are more manageable as fillets as the scales can be difficult to remove.
		European carp is often used for making fish balls, such as in the popular Jewish dish, gefilte fish.
		European carp and redfin have strong, sweet flavours and are inexpensive to buy.
	www.frdc.com.au /species.php?f=46&v=f (325 words)

	APPENDIX 5. Papers Presented (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Carp consumption in Germany (the main EC consumer of carps) is increasingly restricted to the festive seasons and the production cost differences, compared to non-EC countries, have caused increased imports of carps and lowered production in this country.
		The export potential of European freshwater aquaculture is very limited and restricted to small internal movements in the EU and from non-EU to EU in certain cases.
		Carp harvesting is always a big feast in some parts of Germany, but the message of this delight is not spread.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/004/Y2792E/y2792e0f.htm (17521 words)

	MSN Encarta - Australia
		Scientists estimate that 19 land mammals and 20 birds have become extinct (that is, not sighted in the wild for at least 50 years) since European settlement.
		The most widespread damage has been caused by the European rabbit, which was brought to Australia in the mid-19th century mainly for sport.
		From the start, the settlersâ optimistic aspirations collided with the continentâs environmental constraints on development, especially its arid or semiarid climatic conditions, low levels of soil fertility, chronic water shortages, and vulnerable native animal and plant species.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761568792_3/Australia.html (2735 words)

	RMUU Website - Saving Water in the Murray Darling Basin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Exotic fish were brought in by European settlers in the late 1800's to stock waterways with edible and familiar specimens for angling.
		The key ability that Carp have is there ability to consume invertebrates in the mud, and there are now more of this prey as a result of river regulation.
		Carp are omnivores - feeding at the bottom of the river and specialising on aquatic insect larvae living in the roots of plants and on mud-dwelling invertebrates.
	www.murrayusers.sa.gov.au /fish.htm (1220 words)

	Fish Ontario \| Articles \| Carp European style
		Fancy carp bank-stands, which can run you several hundred dollars, are available through specialty outlets and mail order, but two simple stakes can serve the purpose.
		Some carp specialists prefer long rods and large-capacity reels for their power and ability to launch long casts, but they're not needed to enjoy a day of carp fishing.
		Below dams is best for numbers of carp in late spring and early summer, because they stop fish from moving farther upstream during their spawning run.
	www.fishontario.com /articles/carp-european-style (1794 words)

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