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Topic: European Centre for Medium Range Forecasting

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	Meteorology - MSN Encarta
		Within two hours of the observation times, weather maps drawn from the collected data are available at forecasting offices by means of facsimile and computer-to-computer transmissions originated at national meteorological centres.
		Forecasts of this sort are essential for planning efficient operations for many activities.
		The accuracy of weather forecasts is relative, and published percentages have little meaning without a detailed description of the ground rules that have been followed in judging the validity of a prediction.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761571037_3/Meteorology.html (1233 words)

	European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is an international intergovernmental organisation based at Reading, England that was founded in 1975.
		The ECMWF has been producing operational medium-range weather forecasts since 1979-08-01.
		The ECMWF members are of 18 European states: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Republic of Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/European_Centre_for_Medium-Range_Weather_Forecasts (175 words)

	2
		The image pixels in the forecast areas are classified in terms of water vapour and cloudiness and attributed a weight proportional to their likelihood to cross the observatory sky in the course of a 3-hour long forecast period.
		While forecasts of clear and overcast sky are clear to the end user, a parameterisation is necessary for partially cloudy sky forecasts to be effectively used in astronomical queue scheduling.
		The main components of the forecast programme are: the computation of the humidity and cirrus cloud cover parameters from the atmospheric infra-red (IR) emission counts measured by the satellite, the definition of satellite image areas corresponding to the analysis time and the forecast periods, and the long-range outlook.
	www.astro.caltech.edu /~erasmus/Projects/ESOph5/SPIE_4168-17.html (2718 words)

	Polar Winds: Model Impact
		The European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) demonstrated a positive impact of the MODIS polar winds on short-range forecasts.
		Forecast improvement is quantified in terms of geopotential height forecast accuracy.
		The forecast score is the correlation between the forecast and its verifying analysis (model run with other data assimilated), expressed as a percent.
	stratus.ssec.wisc.edu /projects/modwinds/impact.html (287 words)

	European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		On 1 August 2001 the Czech Republic concluded a Co-operation Agreement with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), thus allowing full access to the vast range of operational weather forecasts produced by the super-computer system of ECMWF.
		Forecasts from ECMWF will extend our forecasting capability into the range from 3 to 10 days ahead, not only for severe weather but also for common daily forecasts so needed for public.
		ECMWF is widely acknowledged to produce the world's most accurate predictions in the medium range.
	www.chmi.cz /ecmwfe.html (288 words)

	Scientists develop Malaria forecasting tool to predict diseases risk
		A new tool to predict epidemics of malaria up to five months in advance has been developed by a scientist at the University of Liverpool.
		By using a number of climate models, we were able to compose weather predictions for such countries, which could then be used to calculate the severity of an epidemic, months before its occurrence."
		The team created a prediction system using seven, state-of-the-art, global climate models which produce weather forecasts up to six months in advance.
	www.sahealthinfo.org /malaria/forecasting.htm (278 words)

	ARM - Instruments: European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Model Output Data (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The content of the ARM website is available to any browser, but for the best experience we highly recommend you upgrade to a standards-compliant browser such as the latest version of Mozilla, Netscape, Internet Explorer, or Opera (all available for free download).
		The change in datastreams and measurements are a direct result of changes in the land-surface parametrization which became operational for the forecast starting September 12, 2000.
		Thus data from base time 6 at forecast step 6 under the previous system are replaced by data from base time 00 at forecast step 12 under the new scheme.
	www.arm.gov /xds/static/ecmwf.stm (2202 words)

	Operational Forecasts of
		In the programme, algorithms based on the physics of the atmosphere are used to forecast specific water vapour and cirrus cloud cover parameters indicative of observing conditions at Paranal and La Silla.
		During the set-up phase procedures were put in place to obtain the input data used in the forecast in real-time and modifications were made to the forecast programme to accommodate new input file formats and for automation.
		In the probationary phase, refinements were made to the forecast programme, the forecasts were monitored and checked, programming errors were corrected, automation and dissemination procedures were improved and tests of the forecast system in its final (pre-operational) form were performed.
	www.astro.caltech.edu /~erasmus/Projects/ESOph3/ESOph3.html (372 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		For the sake of this protocol the `Centre' shall refer to the Cambridge Centre for Atmospheric Science.
		The protocol reflects those requirements made by the European Centre for Medium Range weather Forecasting, the United Kingdom Meteorological Office and appropriate NERC programmes.
		Whilst the data is restricted from the public domain the Centre has the right to refuse to allow data to be used in publication or presentation prior to the data being published by the Centre.
	www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk /~fiona/trajectories/protocol.html (231 words)

	Real time data: Weather forecasts for the UK
		Real time data: Weather forecasts for the UK Weather forecasts across the UK A wide range of weather forecasts are now available from internet sources.
		Forecast charts are the result of computer modelling of weather systems - using current and recent data to predict the future pattern using numerical modelling.
		Forecast charts show the predicted position of weather system and fronts from 3 to 6 days ahead.
	www.stvincent.ac.uk /Resources/Weather/Forecasts (244 words)

	weather forecasting
		The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) is an international organisation, supported by 24 European states.
		The Centre was established in 1973 and has been producing medium-range weather forecasts since 1979.
		General forecasts and severe weather warnings are processed to provide forecasts tailored to meet the specific needs of different sectors of society.
	agrifor.ac.uk /browse/cabi/f581829426905b54d993da6333924987.html (1591 words)

	Fast Breaking Comment by Francisco J. Doblas-Reyes
		The DEMETER experiment for end-to-end seasonal climate forecasting offers, for the first time, a clear example of the benefits of both using multi-model ensembles for climate probabilistic prediction and applying reliable climate knowledge from those predictions into end-user systems sensitive to climate variations, such as tropical disease incidence and crop yield.
		The paper describes a methodology to create skillful forecasts of seasonal climate and climate-related variables using the leading climate models in Europe and transferring this climate information to a series of impact models for predictions of crop yield and malaria incidence.
		The use of skillful forecasts of seasonal climate to predict climate-related variables—such as crop yield or malaria incidence—several months in advance, aims to be part of integrated early warning systems for food crises or malaria epidemics, and to better manage systems with highly relevant economic implications such as the European Common Agricultural Policy.
	www.esi-topics.com /fbp/2005/october05-Doblas-Reyes.html (603 words)

	TIP-6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Centre mainly focuses on medium range weather forecasting (out to 10 days), but also is engaged in some efforts related to climate.
		By having two sets of forecasts, from two differently produced ocean analyses, it is possible to sample uncertainty in ocean initial conditions to some degree and to assess the impact of the ocean observing system on forecasts.
		The research version of the model for which the forecast period was one year, predicted a warming of ~2K in the Niño-3 region from as early as Oct 96 but did not indicate the major El Niño which was to follow.
	www.pmel.noaa.gov /toga-toa/tip6/tip6.html (16170 words)

	Data from ECMWF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Global analyses from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) from 1994 - present.
		Data from the Met Office and the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) models.
		Data are 3 angular momentum components of the mass and wind terms at 12 or 24 hourly intervals.
	badc.nerc.ac.uk /data/ecmwf.html (423 words)

	European Windstorm Figures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Nadir pressures rise and the density of nadirs falls to the east and south.
		Data from ECMWF (European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting) ensemble forecasts for lead times of 4.5 and 5 days at 41 standard UK stations.
		Note however that because most forecasts fall into the zero-forecast-probability category, the net TOTAL number of strong wind events forecast MAY still equal the total number of strong wind events observed.
	www.bbsr.edu /rpi/public/pubs/pre2000/euwindsum/eurowdfig.html (1026 words)

	Forecasting Weather and Climate - Naked Scientists 06.04.09
		This is one of many hundreds of weather centres across the UK where information is collected to provide short and long term forecasts.
		When we make a weather forecast for tomorrow we assume that the ocean temperatures and the ocean currents are pretty constant.
		The key difference between a weather forecast model and a seasonal prediction model is that we need to represent not only the atmosphere but the oceans as well, so we have this two phase approach of getting these complex systems into these computer models.
	www.thenakedscientists.com /HTML/shows/2006.04.09.htm (8289 words)

	First Winter Cold 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The cause of it all was an upper-air cut-off low with marked surface low development off the south coast and marked low level cold air advection.
		Early warning was provided by the European Centre For Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model earlier in the week and confirmed by the United States ETA NWP model nearer to the time.
		On Friday the forecast was for these conditions to spread to as far east as the eastern Cape mountains on Saturday, but the forecast was amended on Saturday for the snow to spread to the Drakensberg during Saturday night.
	www.saweather.co.za /Pressroom/2001/2001FirstWinterCold.jsp (400 words)

	Using Medium Range Weather Forecasts to Improve the Value of Wind Energy Production
		The value of different strategies for consolidating the information in the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) forecasts to wind energy generators are investigated.
		Simulating the performance of generators using the different strategies in the context of a simplified electricity market revealed that ECMWF forecasts in production decisions improved the performance of generators at lead times of up to 6 days.
		Basing half-hourly production decisions on a production forecast generated by conditioning the climate on the ECMWF operational ensemble forecast yields the best results of all the strategies tested.
	www.lse.ac.uk /collections/cats/abstracts/usingmediumrangeweatheforecasts.htm (161 words)

	The Risks Digest Volume 5: Issue 48
		The Reading-based [southern England] European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting, which supplies longer range data directly to the Bracknell centre [Met Office, close by], is happy with its Cray X-MP 48 machine.
		The BBC TV weather forecast (which uses the Met Office) the night before mentioned than someone had rung up to say they had heard a hurricane was heading in our direction, but the weather forecaster assured us it was not.
		The state-of-the-art of weather forecasting is such that the way this storm developed and the precise detail of its effects could not be forecast more than a few hours in advance.
	catless.ncl.ac.uk /Risks/5.48.html (2530 words)

	GFMC: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		GFMC: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)
		The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is an international organisation supported by 21 European States.
		In particular, no claims of accuracy or precision of the forecasts will be made by the user which is inappropriate to their scientific basis.
	www.fire.uni-freiburg.de /fwf/ecmwf.htm (126 words)

	Research links warming oceans to global rise of cyclone intensity
		The Purdue researchers used wind and temperature data generated by computational models in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting Reanalysis 40 Year Project, which encompasses climate data and trends over a 40-year period beginning in 1958.
		As part of the European project, scientists used forecasting models to retrospectively "reanalyze" past weather events that were already known.
		Surface wind and temperature records from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts 40 Year Reanalysis (ERA-40) Project are used to estimate low-frequency variations in globally integrated tropical cyclone (TC) intensity from 1958 to 2001.
	news.uns.purdue.edu /UNS/html4ever/2006/060530.Huber.cyclones.html (939 words)

	Data from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting
		Data from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting
		These data are global fields of temperature and winds on 31 model levels at T106 resolution.
		This data has been in extensive use in weather forecasting and atmospheric chemistry research for many years, and has thus been subject to independent review by many scientific experts.
	gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov /records/GCMD_NILU_ECMWF_T106.html (211 words)

	ReliefWeb » Document Preview » Bulgaria: Emergency call integral system and national meteorological system ...
		Bulgaria must urgently become member of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMRWF), said Emel Etem, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Disaster Management.
		The partners of the centre are the National Association of Municipalities in Bulgaria, district governors and mayors in the flood-hit municipalities.
		The crisis management centre proposed to the cabinet to draw up an operative plan for emergency, medium-term and long-term actions, in order to prevent future crisis situations, said Minister Etem.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/VBOL-6FHHQF?OpenDocument (344 words)

	ERS-2 has ringside view of Hurricane Wilma's violent winds
		As Hurricane Wilma barrels towards the Florida coast, a last-minute acquisition by a unique instrument aboard ERS-2 is helping strengthen weather forecasters' final predictions of its future course and strength.
		What makes ERS-2's scatterometer especially valuable is that its C-band radar frequency is almost unaffected by heavy rain, so it can return useful wind data even from the heart of the fiercest storms — and is the sole scatterometer of this type currently in orbit.
		As well as being processed by KMNI, scatterometer data are also routinely assimilated by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) into their advanced numerical models used for meteorological predictions.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-10/esa-ehr102405.php (435 words)

	The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts - an historical background
		The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts - an historical background
		The European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is the consequence of 100 years of development in dynamic and synoptic meteorology, and fifty years of development in numerical weather prediction (NWP).
		This time has seen periods of optimism vary with pessimism, during which a slow but steady improvement of the quality of the weather forecasts has been made
	www.ecmwf.int /products/forecasts/guide/The_European_Centre_for_Medium_Range_Weather_Forecasts_an_historical_background.html (116 words)

	FIRE ASTEX ECMWF Data Set Document
		A special set of analysis products for the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) region during June 1-28, 1992 was prepared by Ernst Klinker and Tony Hollingsworth of the European Centre for Medium-range Forecasting (ECMWF), and reformatted by Chris Bretherton of the University of Washington.
		These analyses, or more correctly initializations and very short range forecasts using the ECMWF T213L30 operational model, incorporate routine observations from the global network and special soundings from ASTEX that were sent to ECMWF during ASTEX via the GTS telecommunication system.
		About 650 special soundings were incorporated, including nearly all soundings from Santa Maria, Porto Santo, and the French ship Le Suroit, most of the soundings taken on the Valdivia and Malcolm Baldridge, and almost none of the soundings from the Oceanus.
	eosweb.larc.nasa.gov /GUIDE/dataset_documents/base_fire_ax_ecmwf_dataset.html (1647 words)

	Unicore will give web-based interface (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		According to Dietmar Erwin, responsible for the Unicore project at the Research Centre Jülich in Germany, the goal of Unicore is to provide a uniform interface to computing resources.
		Erwin stresses the fact that, although a user will be able to access different supercomputer centres in a uniform way, Unicore will not interfere with the local policies of the centres.
		The major supercomputer vendors, also support the project in which also the supercomputer centres at Jülich, Stuttgart and the Deutsche Wetterdienst at Offenbach are main partners.
	www.hoise.com /articles/AE-PR-09-97-4.html (283 words)

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