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Topic: European Community

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	European Community (2002), DAC Peer Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The European Community is a unique donor in that it plays a dual role in development, as a bilateral donor providing direct support to countries, and as a co-ordinating framework for European Union (EU) Member States.
		The European Commission encouraged EU Member States, in the Barcelona Council meeting of March 2002, to raise the average amount of ODA to 0.39% of gross national income (GNI) by 2006, which was confirmed at the Monterrey Conference on Financing for Development in March 2002.
		The DAC commends the European Commission for undertaking the ambitious internal reforms that are improving its capacity to achieve the European Community's primary development aim of reducing global poverty.
	www.oecd.org /document/57/0,2340,en_2649_3236398_1935353_1_1_1_1,00.html (1889 words)

	Ladas & Parry - Community Trademarks
		The principal advantage of obtaining a Community Trademark registration is that trademark owners may obtain and maintain a single registration covering all twenty-five member states of the EU and do not need to secure and renew registrations in the individual member states.
		Owners of earlier national registrations who apply for a Community Trademark in respect of the identical goods or services covered by the national registrations may claim the seniority of the national registrations in the EU member states in which the mark is registered.
		A Community Trademark registration may be vulnerable to attack in a proceeding before the Office if the registered mark is not used, without justification, for any period of 5 years from the date of registration.
	www.ladas.com /Trademarks/EuropeanCommunity/CommunityTrademark.html (1638 words)

	European Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Supporters of the European Union argue that the growth of the EU is a force for peace and democracy.
		In 1992, the European Economic Community, which of the three original communities had the broadest scope, was renamed the "European Community" by the Treaty of Maastricht.
		The European Communities are one of the three pillars of the European Union, being both the most important pillar and the only one to operate primarily through supranational institutions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/European_Union (5402 words)

	European Community - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The European Economic Community (EEC) was an organization established (1958) by treaty between Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany, known informally as the Common Market.
		The EEC was the most significant of the three treaty organizations that were consolidated in 1967 to form the European Community (EC; known since the ratification 1993 of the Maastricht treaty as the European Union, EU).
		It was for a time proposed that the European Constitution should repeal the Euratom treaty, in order to terminate the legal personality of Euratom at the same time as that of the European Community, but this was not included in the final version.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/European_Community (695 words)

	A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union --E--
		In 1995, however, the European Council agreed to abandon the name in favour of the euro, in deference to German concern that the ECU would not be credible, given its track record of repeated devaluation occasioned by the weakness of several of its components, notably the lira, the peseta, the escudo and the drachma.
		The dispute paralysed the Community for six months and was not resolved until January 1966, through the 'Luxembourg Compromise', which essentially condoned the French position and restored the unanimity principle as the ultimate recourse to protect national interests, albeit recognising that this constituted a breach of the Treaty of Rome.
		The European Council (not to be confused with the Council of Ministers) refers to the twice-yearly, or occasionally more frequent, summit meetings of EU heads of government (plus the directly elected presidents of France and Finland) and the president of the Commission.
	www.euro-know.org /dictionary/e.html (11086 words)

	European Community
		The European Union was instituted by the Maastricht Treaty, effective on 1 November 1993.
		The European Union was finally a legal, political and economic entity.
		As far as the European Community is concerned, we are not sure that a group of countries combined loosely together by a single currency can really be an economic empire.
	library.thinkquest.org /C005121/data/Euro.htm (896 words)

	European Union's statement concerning the enlargement to Turkey [Voltaire]
		The European Community and its Member States acknowledge the signature by Turkey of the Additional Protocol to the Agreement establishing an Association between the European Community and its Member States on the one part and Turkey on the other, in accordance with the conclusions of the European Council of December 2004.
		The European Community and its Member States make clear that this declaration by Turkey is unilateral, does not form part of the Protocol and has no legal effect on Turkey’s obligations under the Protocol.
		The European Community and its Member States expect full, non-discriminatory implementation of the Additional Protocol, and the removal of all obstacles to the free movement of goods, including restrictions on means of transport.
	www.voltairenet.org /article128414.html (478 words)

	European Union
		The European Coal and Steel Community shall have as its task to contribute, in harmony with the general economy of Member States and through the establishment of a common market as provided in Article 4, to economic expansion, growth of employment and a rising standard of living in the Member States.
		The Community's institutions consist of a Council of Ministers, a European Economic Commission, an Assembly, which is a kind of Parliament, and a Court of Justice, which is an embryo Supreme Court.
		Of course, the European Community is not just a new power-bloc or a new coalition, although it has its pride, it is not a swollen version of 19th century nationalism, taking a continent rather than a country as its basis.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWeec.htm (8144 words)

	Progress Report on the Community Trademark
		The development of the Community Trademark, a trademark registration system that would offer a single trademark registration to protect a trademark in all member states of the European Union, presently fifteen in all, was fraught with legal as well as political intrigue.
		However, the Community trade mark necessitates a new approach since it is a distinct intellectual property title producing effects throughout the entire area of the Community.
		Although the Office is considering the possibility of accepting communications electronically, such as filings by e-mail, etc., the reality of such communications appears to be far away in view of the technological and logistical obstacles that must be overcome and the relative importance of such a project to other more pressing problems.
	www.ladas.com /Trademarks/EuropeanCommunity/CTMProgressReport2000.html (5087 words)

	EUROPEAN COMMUNITY v. RJR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY is a governmental body created as a result of collaboration among the majority of the nations of Western Europe, more specifically, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
		Article 282 of the Treaty establishing THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY, THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY possesses the most extensive legal capacity accorded to legal persons under the laws of the Member States, and it may, in particular, acquire or dispose of property and may be a party to legal proceedings.
		THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY is represented in the United States by a Delegation in Washington, D.C. The Delegation has full diplomatic privileges and immunities, and the Head of the Delegation is accorded full ambassadorial status.
	www.tobacco.org /resources/Documents/021030ecvrjr.html (18461 words)

	EU news: An Independent View from European Voice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Along with most western Europeans in the early 1990s, I thought that enlarging the European Union eastwards would happen at some time, that it would take a while and that before anything else happened we would have to await political and economic stabilisation in the countries undergoing change.
		Fifty years ago this month, the post-war generation of mainland Europe came together to articulate a project conceived in hope and forged by necessity: the hope was for a peaceful and prosperous future; and the necessity was economic ruin and political division.
		As the European Union looks back on its first 50 years, it is the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead in a rapidly changing international economic and political environment that provide perspective on where Europe has come from and where it is headed.
	www.europeanvoice.com /current/articles.asp?id=8 (902 words)

	European Community Trademark Registration :: EU TM Application :: Europe Community Trade Mark :: OHIM
		If a TM owner holds an earlier national registration, upon application for a CTM, with identical goods or services covered by the national registration, he may claim the seniority of the national registrations in the EU member states in which the mark is registered.
		A Community Trademark has a validity period of 10 years from the date of filing and shall be renewable for additional 10-year periods.
		Use of a Community Trademark in any one EU member country will be sufficient to satisfy the use requirement for all EU member countries and use of the TM only for export constitutes valid use.
	www.chetcuticauchi.com /mcc/ip/community-trademark.htm (620 words)

	European Economic Community, by Barry Eichengreen: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and ...
		Today it is conventional to refer to the European Community (aka the EC or the Community) in the singular, whether one means the Economic Community or all three initiatives.
		In 1988, with European integration gathering momentum, the governments of the EC member states appointed a committee, chaired by Jacques Delors, president of the European Commission, to study the feasibility of complementing the single market with a single currency.
		Forcing all European countries to run the same monetary policy and to maintain the same interest rates will deprive Europe's national governments of a policy tool traditionally used to address their own macroeconomic problems.
	www.econlib.org /library/Enc/EuropeanEconomicCommunity.html (2056 words)

	Background Notes: European Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The primary aim of the Paris and Rome treaties establishing the European Communities (EC) was to remove the economic barriers that divided the member countries as the first steps toward political unity.
		The three communities-the ECSC, EEC, and EURATOM-had separate executive commissions and councils of ministers until their 1967 merger into the European Communities; a joint commission and a joint council of ministers were then established.
		The Community's trade policy is based on the principles and obligations of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) to which all Community members are contracting parties.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/igos/ec9101.html (5439 words)

	EUROPEAN INTEGRATION DOCUMENTATION SOURCES
		EUROSTAT is the "Statistical Office of the European Communities" which uses uniform rules to collect all statistical data from the National Statistical Institutes of each of 15 Members States of the European Union.
		Communication from the Commission to the Council and Parliament on future EU Economic Assistance to the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.
		EC Communication to the Council and the European Parliament on "EU-Latin America: the present situation and prospects for closer partnership 1996-2000".
	www.ecsanet.org /EUinfo.htm (3377 words)

	Background Information - FFII
		The "European Community" is represented by the Commission, the Parliament, and the Council of Ministers.
		If the 25 members states want to modify their Community Patent law, it would not be possible without the agreement of other signatories of the EPC and non-members of the Union, namely Monaco, Lichtenstein, Turkey, and Iceland.
		A single European Patent Court could reject the abusive teachings of the EPO such as the notion of a "further technical effect" or the circumvention of Art 52(2) EPC by the "as such" provision in Art 52(3).
	consultation.ffii.org /Background_Information (1388 words)

	European Trademarks CTM. Trademark in Europe. OHIM European Community, national trademark registration systems
		As the world became smaller and globalization took on unprecedented proportions through the development of regional trade associations, such as the European Union (EU), it became clear that the old world model of separate national trade mark registrations was a hindrance, rather than a help to international business interests.
		European nations were among the first to recognize the need for substantial changes to international trademarking and developed a new, cost effective approach.
		A Community trade mark can be obtained regardless of whether the mark holder has already filed or registered the same mark with a national office of a member state.
	www.incorporate.ca /european_trademark.html (1016 words)

	TED Case Study: European Community Restrictions on Copper Scrap
		The Europeans claimed at the time that there was a copper scrap shortage within the European Community.
		This investigation was focused on the question of whether the European Community's quotas were consistent with the policies of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
		In 1989, after the European Community decided not to renew its export quotas on copper and copper-alloy scrap, the issue between the United States and the European Community was solved.
	www.american.edu /TED/eucopper.htm (2565 words)

	European Economic Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Community and the 46 African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP) sign, in Lome, Togo, a Convention, known as Lome I, to replace the Yaounde Conventions.
		European Community and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) agree to form the European Economic Area (EEA).
		A European Council is held in Maastricht, The Netherlands.
	www.raptureready.com /rap31b.html (387 words)

	European Tribune - Community, Politics & Progress.
		Successive UK governments have taken Britain deeper and deeper into the European Union, all the while proclaiming that nothing fundamental about Britain’s status was changing.
		Europeans advocating an “ever-closer union” continually reaffirm that they are not changing anything fundamental about their sovereign control over foreign and domestic policy.
		It is obvious throughout the article that the European Union is seen as a hostile entity.
	www.eurotrib.com (1678 words)

	European Weekly History & Mediakit
		The European Weekly’s Pazifische Rundschau/Revue du Pacifique was originally founded as the Pazifische Rundschau in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1965 and has been headquartered in Seattle, Washington since 1998.
		The overall objective of the paper is to bring broader European political, economical, cultural and social issues together with current events and life in the Pacific Northwest.
		In addition to subscriptions the European Weekly’s Pazifische Rundschau/Revue du Pacifique is distributed free of charge to European clubs and organizations in the Pacific Northwest, and to a variety of European businesses and stores.
	www.europeanweekly.org /Europeanweekly_org/ew_mediakit.htm (397 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- European Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The evolution of the European Union (EU) from a regional economic agreement among six neighboring states in 1951 to today's supranational organization of 25 countries across the European continent stands as an unprecedented phenomenon in the annals of history.
		In 1967, the institutions of all three communities were formally merged into the European Community (EC), creating a single Commission, a single Council of Ministers, and the European Parliament.
		Members of the European Parliament were initially selected by national parliaments, but in 1979 the first direct elections were undertaken and they have been held every five years since.
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/ee.html (2010 words)

	European Economic Community on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY [European Economic Community] (EEC), organization established (1958) by treaty between Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany (now Germany); it was known informally as the Common Market.
		Economic and monetary union and the European Community budget.
		The European Community in 1990s: its transformation and impact.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/E/EuropnE1C1.asp (901 words)

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