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Topic: European constitution

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	European Constitution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The constitutional treaty was signed by representatives of the member states on October 29, 2004, and is now in the process of ratification by all of the member states.
		Following rejection of the constitution in referenda in France and the Netherlands, the future of the constitution and the implementation of its provisions is highly uncertain.
		The Constitution specifies that the EU is a union of member states, and that all its competences (areas of responsibility) are voluntarily conferred on it by its member states according to the principle of conferral.
	www.lexington-fayette.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/European_Constitution (4490 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		On 18 July 2003, the final draft of the constitutional treaty (officially Treaty establishing a constitution for Europe) for the European Union was published by the Praesidium of the Convention on the Future of Europe.
		The objectives of the draft Constitution are, mainly, to simplify the over-lapping series of Treaties and Protocols providing the current legal constitution for Europe, and to enhance the functioning of the future Union when 10 new countries from Eastern Europe join the existing 15 member states on 1 May 2004 (see EU enlargement).
		Talks in Brussels on 14 December 2003, originally intended to finalise the text for the constitution, stalled over this one issue and were abandoned.
	www.informationgenius.com /encyclopedia/e/eu/european_constitution.html (544 words)

	Federal Union \| campaign for a European constitution
		This campaign is about the European constitution, not the British one, so we take no view on whether or not there should be a referendum.
		The draft constitution must be agreed unanimously by the governments of all 25 member state and ratified in each one of them.
		The federal basis means that European law directly affects individuals and companies in the EU; the alternative (a confederal basis) would mean that European law would only apply to the member states themselves.
	www.federalunion.org.uk /europe/constitutioncampaign1.shtml (1302 words)

	European Leaders Sign Constitution (washingtonpost.com)
		The constitution was the result of more than two years of negotiations to move the E.U. states toward closer cooperation, faster decision-making and a bigger world role.
		If ratified, the constitution will provide for selection of a continent-wide president and foreign minister, an increase in the powers of the European Parliament and strengthened influence for the union in such areas as agriculture, foreign trade and the environment.
		Durao Barroso's accession was delayed because the European Parliament rejected his entire team of 24 commissioners over the nomination of one, Rocco Buttiglione, as head of the commission on justice.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/articles/A8408-2004Oct29.html (794 words)

	Learn more about Europe in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		From the 15th century European nations, particularly Spain, Portugal, France, and Britain, built large colonial empires, with vast holdings in Africa, the Americas, and Asia.
		Fifteen European states are currently members of the EU, with 10 more due to join by mid-2004, a few more negotiating for membership and several more expected to commence negotiations at some stage in the future.
		Almost all European states are members of the Council of Europe; the sole exceptions are Belarus and the Vatican City.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /e/eu/europe.html (935 words)

	The Emergence of the European Constitution: Its Meaning for Europe and the Transatlantic Relationship
		This view exaggerates the importance of the Constitution to be produced by the current IGC [Intergovernmental Conference], which seeks to make more efficient a political system already half a century in the making, while also underestimating the benefits to the US of a more capable European partner.
		The draft Constitution was produced by the European Convention chaired by former French President Giscard d’Estaing, and is now being considered by the Intergovernmental Conference or "IGC" convened in Rome on the fourth of October.
		What is crucial, however, both for its immediate legitimacy and its future workability, is that the Constitution represent a balanced effort to prepare the EU’s institutions and decision-making processes for a membership of twenty-five member states, and counting, and that it make the EU more understandable to our citizens.
	www.eurunion.org /news/speeches/2003/031028gb.htm (2422 words)

	European Union Policy - Department of Foreign Affairs - Government of Ireland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The European Constitution aims to clarify the nature of the European Union, the extent of its powers and its relationship with its Member States.
		The European Constitution is the outcome of a lengthy process of debate and negotiation.
		The European Constitution is in four main parts: Part I covers the definition and objectives of the Union, fundamental rights and citizenship of the Union, the Union's competences and how they are exercised, its institutions, the democratic life of the Union, the Union's finances, its immediate environment, and membership of the Union.
	foreignaffairs.gov.ie /eu/futureofeurope.asp (547 words)

	The Seattle Times: Nation & World: New constitution ignores Europe's Christian history
		In the signing of a constitution that does not acknowledge Europe's religious history, the Vatican sees proof that the EU is distancing itself from Christianity in general and Catholicism in particular.
		The drafters of the constitution have made it clear for months that they would ignore the pope's tireless 2-1/2-year campaign for explicit Christian recognition in the constitution's preamble.
		Opposition within the European Parliament blocked confirmation of an Italian candidate for commissioner of justice and security who was criticized for his conservative views on homosexuality and marriage, which mirror church doctrine.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/nationworld/2002076094_eurocon29.html (713 words)

	Defeat for the European Constitution
		Despite the varied interests composing opposition to the constitution, the major trigger for the referendum's defeat was the recent expansion of the Union to include the post-Soviet states of Eastern Europe and plans to continue that expansion through Southeastern Europe and into Turkey and perhaps the states of the Caucasus.
		In light of the modest advances in European integration codified in the constitution, its primary function is to set the stage for further developments rather than to institute significant changes.
		The defeat of the referendum on the European constitution in France reveals that the drive of the Western European political class to transform the E.U. into a power bloc has, at least in the short term, reached its limits.
	www.progress.org /2005/yt18.htm (694 words)

	EUROPA - Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		These pages provide information on the Constitution to a wide range of readers: from those who want it in a short and general form to those looking for a detailed explanation or those in search of graphical downloads.
		The European Parliament already shares legislative power with the Council, and it will continue to do so (see in particular Article I 20 of the Constitution).
		From the "Declaration on the Future of the Union" 2000 in Nice to the signature of the Constitution on 29 October 2004 in Rome: A short overview on the process of elaborating the constitutional Treaty
	europa.eu.int /constitution/index_en.htm (341 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Europe \| Q&A: EU Constitution
		At the December 2003 summit, Poland and Spain were dead against a proposal in the draft constitution that said a vote would be passed if it had the support of 50% of member states representing 60% of the EU's population.
		The draft constitution proposed that there should be 10 voting commissioners in total, and that the posts should be held in turn by the 25 members.
		European Parliament: More power for the parliament, so that it votes on nearly all EU decisions and has an influence on the choice of the president of the commission.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/3252628.stm (1204 words)

	Elements of a European Constitution
		The constitutional elements are derived from the nature of this 'Europa', and its necessary relation to the nation state.
		It is an alternative to the constitution written by the European Convention, which institutionalises the Europe of the Nation States.
		The constitution should declare that treaties and laws, made by nation states, are invalid for the state Europa.
	web.inter.nl.net /users/Paul.Treanor/euro.con.elem.html (1241 words)

	CEMR - Council of European Municipalities and Regions
		The Council of European Municipalities and Regions (CEMR) expresses its serious concern in the wake of the European Court of Justice's decision in the "Parking Brixen" case taken on13 October 2005.
		We are witnessing an ongoing process of de facto legislation by decisions of an unelected court, outside the democratic control of the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers, says CEMR secretary general Jeremy Smith...
		The Council of European Municipalities and Regions (CEMR) is organising a seminar on local and regional authorities in South-East Europe, on 14/15 October 2005, in Vienna...
	www.ccre.org (526 words)

	Does the European Union have a Constitution ? Does it need one?
		Along the same lines, some think that a "European Constitution" should be adopted as a basis for the establishment of a future European Federal State.
		To be or not to be in favour of such a Constitution often means to be or not to be in favour of the establishment of a Federal or a Confederal European State.
		* The author is the Legal Adviser of the Council of the European Union and was the Legal Adviser of the intergovernmental conferences which negotiated and adopted the Treaty of Maastricht and the Treaty of Amsterdam.
	www.jeanmonnetprogram.org /papers/00/000501.html (1793 words)

	EU: Nice or Death? European Union Constitution, Treaty of Nice, Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The draft constitution suggests that there would be just 15 commissioners, not the 20 that currently have seats.
		Italy would like to have the constitution in place by the time the EU is enlarged, in May. However, referendums on the constitution are mandatory in Ireland and Denmark, and there are majorities in favor of a referendum in Belgium, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain.
		Kaczynski believes the Polish constitution would be subordinated to the European constitution and is concerned about the possibility of a common European foreign policy that might undermine Poland’s recently strengthened ties with the United States.
	www.masterpage.com.pl /outlook/euniceordeath.html (1361 words)

	LWN: FFII: The patent directive and the European constitution
		Of course it does not codify the fact that the people who lead the European Patent Office should be the same people as those who write the Council version of the directive as it happened last year, but it also does not prevent this.
		Actually, the constitution seems to me to be an optitimation and is not necessary for the EU to exist.
		The new Constitution is an evolution not a revolution.
	lwn.net /Articles/126739 (4002 words)

	The New York Times > International > Europe > Spaniards Approve European Constitution in Referendum
		The Constitution was signed by European leaders in October and then sent to the member states for ratification, and will take effect on Nov. 1, 2006, if it is approved by all 25 members of the union, 10 of which are expected to hold referendums.
		But some political experts say that decisions on the Constitution are likely to be determined by the internal politics of each nation, and that the lessons from Spain's experience may have little relevance elsewhere.
		The differing interpretations among member states reflect not only the diversity of their political climates but also the fact that the Constitution is a complicated document that lends itself to a variety of readings.
	www.nytimes.com /2005/02/21/international/europe/21spain.html?ex=1266728400&en=cd41518ae24ca227&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt (767 words)

	Europe Constitution Blog - News and Thoughts on the European Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		JosÃ© Manuel Barroso wants European leaders to discuss the issue of their contributions to the EU budget on Oct. 27 at a summit meeting of leaders.
		A top US official dismissed Iraqi Sunni Arab concerns that the new Iraqi constitution due to be voted on in a week would lead to a breakup of the country, voicing hope the document would be endorsed.
		A top US official has dismissed Iraqi Sunni Arab concerns that the new constitution due to be voted on in a week could lead to the break-up of Iraq.
	www.europe-constitution.com (893 words)

	EU Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Even if they eventually conclude that the constitutional treaty is dead, European governments will have to return to the issue of reforming the EU's institutions.
		The constitutional treaty was its latest attempt to settle the balance of power within the Union and bring more accountability and efficiency to its decision-making.
		It took the EU over two years to reach an agreement on the constitutional treaty, from the establishment of the 'Convention on the future of Europe' in early 2002 to its eventual adoption by the EU heads of government in June 2004.
	www.cer.org.uk /eu (675 words)

	Direct Democracy in the European countries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A referendum is due to the constitutional provisions mandatory or inevitable or the public announcement by the heads of states to hold a referendum on the EU Constitution "sure".
		As a referendum has not been ruled out, the debate is still ongoing or pro-Referendum Campaigns are upping the pressure on governments still refusing to hold a referendum the question whether to hold a referendum on the EUConstitution is "still undecided".
		Because the governments or parliaments already expressed their unwillingness and the absence of a public debate about it a referendum on the EU Constitution is "unlikely".
	www.european-referendum.org /countries/index.html (188 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| The Guardian \| Luxembourg says yes to European constitution
		Mr Barroso balanced his upbeat language by admitting that the future of the constitution is "uncertain".
		The remarks reflect the private view of many European leaders who believe it is all but impossible to see how the constitution can survive the double rejection by voters in France and the Netherlands on May 29 and June 1.
		Leaders effectively laid the constitution to rest at their summer summit last month when they called for a period of reflection after the no votes from two founding members of the EU.
	www.guardian.co.uk /international/story/0,3604,1525591,00.html (693 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| What the EU constitution says
		The constitution brings together for the first time the many treaties and agreements on which the EU is based.
		The European Council, that is the heads of state or government of the member states, "shall elect its President, by qualified majority, for a term of two and a half years, renewable once." The candidate will then have to be approved by the European Parliament.
		The European Parliament is to have powers of "co-decision" with the Council of Ministers for those policies requiring a decision by qualified majority.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/europe/2950276.stm (1461 words)

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