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Topic: European Court of Human Rights

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	European Court of Human Rights - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The European Court of Human Rights, often referred to informally as the "Strasbourg Court", was created to systematise the hearing of human rights complaints from Council of Europe member states.
		The new court was the result of the ratification of Protocol 11, an amendment to the Convention, which was ratified in October 1997.
		The court found that while their internment was a violation of the convention rights, it was justifiable in the circumstances; it however ruled that the practice of the five techniques and the practice of beating prisoners constituted inhumane and degrading punishment in violation of the convention, although not torture.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights (1210 words)

	European Convention on Human Rights - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Article 11 protects the right to freedom of assembly and association, including the right to form trade unions, subject to certain restrictions that are "in accordance with law" and "necessary in a democratic society".
		Article 2 provides for the right not to be denied an education and the right for parents to have their children educated in accordance with their religious and other views, and article 3 provides for the right to regular, free and fair elections.
		The European Union is not a party to the Convention and has no role in the administration of the European Court of Human Rights.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights (2931 words)

	Human rights - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Human rights refers to the concept of human beings as having universal rights, or status, regardless of legal jurisdiction or other localizing factors, such as ethnicity and nationality.
		The term "human rights" has begun to replace the phrase "natural rights" in popularity, because the rights are less and less frequently seen as requiring natural law for their existence.
		Human rights have historically arisen from the need to protect citizens from abuse by the state and this might suggest that all mankind has a duty to intervene and protect people wherever they are.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Human_rights (3466 words)

	European Court of Human Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The ECHR should not be mistaken for European Court of Justice an institution of the European Union for the resolution of disputes under law.
		The current incarnation of the European Court of Human Rights was instituted on November 1 1998 as a means to systematise the of Human Rights complaints from Council of Europe member states.
		The court replaced the existing enforcement which included the European Commission of Human (created in 1954) and the previous limited Court of Rights which was created in 1959.
	www.freeglossary.com /European_Court_of_Human_Rights (552 words)

	Jehovah's Witnesses: European Court of Human Rights
		The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms was signed in Rome on 4 November 1950 by the Contracting States of the Council of Europe.
		The European Court of Human Rights examined the circumstances of his most recent arrest and determined that Jehovah's Witnesses are indeed a "known religion" under Greek law and that there had been a pattern of violation of freedom of religion.
		Although an Austrian court found Ingrid Hoffmann to be "unfit" as a parent because she was one of Jehovah's Witnesses, the European Court of Human Rights reversed the Austrian court decision, determining that "a distinction based essentially on a difference in religion alone is not acceptable."
	www.jw-media.org /rights/european_court.htm (1700 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/European Court of Human Rights
		The ECHR should not be mistaken for the European Court of Justice, an institution of the European Union for the resolution of disputes under EU law.
		For example, according to the Human Rights Information Bulletin (issued by the Council of Europe), between 1st November 2003 and 29 February 2004 the Court dealt with 7315 cases, of which 6255 were declared inadmissable.
		In December 1977, the court ruled that the government of the United Kingdom was guilty of "inhuman and degrading treatment", of men interned without trial, by the court, following a case brought by the Republic of Ireland.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights (1033 words)

	Project on International Courts and Tribunals
		The impetus from the adoption of the 1950 European Convention came from the atrocities committed in Europe before and during the Second World War and the desire to bring the non-Communist countries of Europe together within a common ideological framework, stressing individual civil and political freedoms and rights, as opposed to communist ideas.
		The record of the ECHR is impressive not only in comparison with those of the two other regional human rights courts (the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights), for which it is a paradigm, but also to that of all other international judicial bodies.
		The ECHR is the largest international bench (also incorporating the largest number of women, both in absolute and proportional terms), and the only one in which size is not fixed but is a function of the number of States members (one judge per contracting State).
	www.pict-pcti.org /courts/ECHR.html (615 words)

	JUDGMENT IN THE CASE OF CYPRUS v. TURKEY
		The case was referred to the Court by the Government of the Republic of Cyprus on 30 August 1999 and by the Commission on 11 September 1999.
		In the Court’s opinion, the silence of the authorities of the respondent State in the face of the real concerns of the relatives attained a level of severity which could only be categorised as inhuman treatment.
		For the Court, the conditions under which the population was condemned to live were debasing and violated the very notion of respect for the human dignity of its members.
	www.greece.org /cyprus/ECHR3.htm (2723 words)

	European Convention on Human Rights and its Five Protocols
		The European Court of Human Rights shall consist of a number of judges equal to that of the Members of the Council of Europe.
		The expenses of the Commission and the Court shall be borne by the Council of Europe.
		The members of the Commission and of the Court shall be entitled, during the discharge of their functions, to the privileges and immunities provided for in Article 40 of the Statute of the Council of Europe and in the agreements made thereunder.
	www.hri.org /docs/ECHR50.html (6536 words)

	Irish Times Article - Ahern calls for inquiry following Finucane ruling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The European Court of Human Rights has ruled that Britain failed to investigate adequately allegations that the security forces colluded in the murder of the Belfast solicitor, Mr Pat Finucane.
		Human rights organisations, the SDLP and Sinn Féin also restated their calls for a full and independent international judicial inquiry.
		The court was critical of the official inquiries into allegations of collusion between the security forces and loyalist paramilitaries and the delay in starting a thorough investigation into Mr Finucane's death.
	www.ireland.com /newspaper/front/2003/0702/3193221722HM1FINUCANE.html (651 words)

	[No title]
		Alternate Arbitrator to the Court of Conciliation and Arbitration of the Convention on Conciliation and Arbitration in the Framework of the OSCE (1994-)
		Vice-President of the District Court of Zutphen, 1986-91
		RÃ©fÃ©rendaire at the EFTA Court, Geneva and Luxembourg, 1993-96 and 1999-2003
	echr.coe.int /ECHR/EN/Header/The+Court/The+Court/Judges+CVs+and+photos (3368 words)

	Europe Confessions @ HigherPower.org (Higher Power) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		European integration has been a theme in European relations since the end of the second World War and has spread to Eastern Europe since the end of the Cold War.
		This extended lowland is known as the Great European Plain, and at its heart lies the North German Plain.
		Important animals that live in European seas are zooplankton, molluscs, echinoderms, different crayfish, squids and octopuses, fish, dolphins, and whales.
	higherpower.org /encyclopedia/Europe (3051 words)

	European Court of Human Rights - Chamber Judgment (just satisfaction) - von Hannover v. Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In a landmark judgment of 15 December 1999 the Federal Constitutional Court granted the applicant’s injunction regarding the photographs in which she appeared with her children on the ground that their need for protection of their intimacy was greater than that of adults.
		However, the Constitutional Court considered that the applicant, who was undeniably a contemporary “public figure”, had to tolerate the publication of photographs of herself in a public place, even if they showed her in scenes from her daily life rather than engaged in her official duties.
		The application was lodged with the European Court of Human Rights on 6 June 2000 and declared admissible on 8 July 2003.
	press.coe.int /cp/2005/420a(2005).htm (624 words)

	European Court of Human Rights - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Relying on Article 5 § 3 (right to be brought promptly before a judge) of the European Convention on Human Rights, the applicant complains of the length of his pre-trial detention.
		Relying on Articles 6 § 1 (right to a hearing within a reasonable time) and 13 (right to an effective remedy), she complains of the length of proceedings concerning a problem of joint ownership and the impossibility of challenging this delay before the Polish courts.
		The European Court of Human Rights was set up in Strasbourg by the Council of Europe Member States in 1959 to deal with alleged violations of the 1950 European Convention on Human Rights.
	press.coe.int /cp/2004/469a(2004).htm (1080 words)

	European Court of Human Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Court reiterated that although the essential object of Article 8 was to protect the individual against arbitrary action by the public authorities, it also imposed positive obligations inherent in an effective “respect” for family life.
		The Court considered that the positive obligations which Article 8 of the Convention imposed on the Contracting States to help reunite parents with their children had to be construed in the light of the Hague Convention of 25 October 1980 on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction.
		The Court found that the Romanian authorities had failed to take adequate and sufficient steps to comply with the applicant's right to the return of her children and had thus infringed her right to respect for her family life, as guaranteed by Article 8.
	home.earthlink.net /~vatirhea/research/echrpress.shtml (1009 words)

	European Court Of Human Rights Turns To Restrictive Irish Abortion Law - Indymedia Ireland
		The European Court of Human Rights today held preliminary hearings on the case of an Irish woman claiming her human rights were violated when she was forced to travel to Britain for an abortion.
		The complaint is being made under two articles of the human rights convention: Article 3, that nobody be subjected to torture, in humane or degrading treatment or punishment, and Article 8, the right to respect for private and family life and of no interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right.
		Ms Hewson told the court her client wished to take no part in a wider debate on abortion but is seeking a declaration that in dealing with lethal, foetal abnormality, the State had breached six articles of the Convention on Human Rights.
	www.indymedia.ie /newswire.php?story_id=71837 (3469 words)

	Directorate General of Human Rights, Council of Europe
		Ratification by Monaco of the European Convention on Human Rights and of its Protocols 4, 6, 7 and 13 as well as the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.
		Seminar for the staff of the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of Justice, prison administration, police and the Prosecution of the Chechen Republic, on the application of human rights standards, police ethics and organisation of police forces as well as organisation of the penitentiary, Pyatigorsk, 20-21 October 2005.
		On 11 and 12 October 2005, the Committee of Ministers holds its fifth meeting in 2005 to supervise the execution of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights (Article 46 of the ECHR).
	www.coe.int /T/E/Human_rights (1613 words)

	ipedia.com: European Court of Human Rights Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The current incarnation of the European Court of Human Rights was instituted on November 1, 1998, as a means to systematise the hearing of Human Rights complaints from Council of Europe member states.
		The court replaced the existing enforcement mechanisms, which included the European Commission of Human Rights (created in 1954) and the previous, limited Court of Human Rights, which was created in 1959.
		The court consists of a number of judges equal to the number of Council of Europe member states, which currently stand at forty-four.
	www.ipedia.com /european_court_of_human_rights.html (481 words)

	Council of Europe - ETS no. 005 - Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
		The Court may receive applications from any person, non-governmental organisation or group of individuals claiming to be the victim of a violation by one of the High Contracting Parties of the rights set forth in the Convention or the protocols thereto.
		The Court may only deal with the matter after all domestic remedies have been exhausted, according to the generally recognised rules of international law, and within a period of six months from the date on which the final decision was taken.
		The expenditure on the Court shall be borne by the Council of Europe.
	conventions.coe.int /treaty/en/Treaties/Html/005.htm (4630 words)

	BBC - The Law Essential Guides - European Convention on Human Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The European Convention on Human Rights outlines some of the basic rights and freedoms that should be expected by the people of Europe.
		The court, based in Strasbourg, was set up as a result of the European Convention on Human Rights, created in 1950.
		The European Convention on Human Rights is the latest in a line of historical precedents starting with Magna Carta in 1215, which asserted the right to a fair trial and a just legal system.
	www.bbc.co.uk /crime/law/echr.shtml (924 words)

	European Court of Human Rights Application
		Article 10: the Applicants’ rights under article 10 were violated by (a) the requirement that they prove the truth of allegations concerning matters of public interest and /or complex or scientific issues; (b) the absence of a defence of reasonable belief; (c) coupled with the absence of legal aid.
		Even after reduction by the Court of Appeal the remaining liability of £36,000 and £40,000 for each of the applicants respectively is far beyond their means and bears no relation whatsoever to any injury alleged by McDonalds, particularly in the light of the findings made against the company.
		The Courts failed to ensure the Applicants were protected by the equality of arms principle in that McDonald’s were allowed to withold documents and blank out parts of pages which may very well have assisted the Applicants in their defence of the case.
	www.mcspotlight.org /case/trial/verdict/Echr.html (7528 words)

	IFEX :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		New York, May 20, 2004 - The European Court of Human Rights ruled yesterday that Russian authorities used a politically motivated criminal investigation in 2000 to try to take over the print and broadcast operations of Russian media mogul Vladimir Gusinsky.
		The Strasbourg, France-based court said that Russian authorities illegally harassed and arrested Gusinsky on charges of fraud in June 2000 to pressure him to sell his controlling stake in the Media-Most company.
		Pavel Laptev, Russia's representative at the court, immediately condemned the ruling, calling it "defective both in theory and in fact," the Russian news agency Interfax reported.
	www.ifex.org /en/content/view/full/59008 (627 words)

	European Court of Human Rights Orders Russia to Pay $3600 to Chernobyl Rescue Worker - NEWS - MOSNEWS.COM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) has passed a verdict in favor of Chernobyl rescue worker Igor Malinovsky and ordered Russian authorities to pay him $3600 in moral compensation for denial to grant him free apartment in accordance with the Russian law, Itar-Tass news agency reported.
		However, the court in Strasbourg acknowledged two years later that the authorities failed to fulfill its obligations in time and ruled that the former rescue worker has a right for compensation.
		The European court ruled that social security authorities in Russia have to pay $1,200 to each of the plaintiffs in non-pecuniary damages, for pain and loss of amenity.
	www.mosnews.com /news/2005/08/19/chernobylets.shtml (994 words)

	JURIST - European Court of Human Rights
		[JURIST] The European Court of Human Rights [official website] on Tuesday denied the admissibility [decision text] of a lawsuit brought by Saddam Hussein against 21 European countries on the grounds that the case fell outside its jurisdiction.
		European rights court to hear frozen embryo case
		[JURIST] A woman who was ordered by a British court to destroy frozen embryos produced with her former partner is taking her case to the European Court of Human Rights [official website] Tuesday, claiming the refusal to allow her to implant the embryos....
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /currentawareness/echr.php (696 words)

	Council of Europe
		At the close of their two-day conference in Lisbon, the 46 Council of Europe Ministers for family affairs unaminously adopted a political declaration on a sustainable family policy as a response to the threat of population decline in Europe.
		They expressed their satisfaction with the decision of the Council of Europe heads of state and government in May 2005 to give priority to the rights of the child and the eradication of all forms of violence against children.
		They committed themselves to pursue a common European policy in the field of family affairs and the rights of the child within the framework of the Council of Europe.
	www.coe.int (1122 words)

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