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Topic: European directive

	European Union directive - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Directives normally leave member states with a certain amount of lee-way as to the exact rules to be adopted.
		Directives can be adopted by means of a variety of legislative procedures depending on subject matter of the directive.
		In practice, with the exception of directives related to the common agricultural policy, directives are addressed to all member states, and specifies a date by which the states must have put the directive into effect.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/European_Union_directive (622 words)

	EU Copyright Directive - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The European Union (EU) Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society, commonly known as the EU Copyright Directive or short EUCD, is the EU's implementation of the 1996 WIPO Copyright Treaty.
		This highly controversial Directive was, at that time, the most heavily lobbied measure[1] to pass the European Parliament.
		Many important details are not specified in the Directive, and as a result, EU member states have significant freedom in certain aspects of directive implementation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/EU_Copyright_Directive (380 words)

	EUROPA - Environment - Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Directives 2002/95/EC on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment and 2002/96/EC on waste electrical and electronic equipment are designed to tackle the fast increasing waste stream of electrical and electronic equipment and complements European Union measures on landfill and incineration of waste.
		Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 2003 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment
		Stakeholder consultation on Adaptation to scientific and technical progress under Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment for the purpose of a possible amendment of the annex.
	ec.europa.eu /environment/waste/weee_index.htm (1313 words)

	Staff Report: Appendix B - The European Union Directive on the Protection of Personal Data
		The Directive gives individuals a right of access to personal data that is subject to processing by the controller of that data, as well as the ability to correct inaccuracies or to erase or block personal data that is processed in a manner inconsistent with the Directive's standards.
		Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, Eur.
		According to this panelist, the Directive's focus upon rules governing the "processing" of data and the "controller" of data, neither of which is defined in terms limited to a specific technology, is further support for this proposition.
	www.ftc.gov /reports/privacy/APPENDIXb.htm (1524 words)

	EPO - press release
		European patent EP 1 257 168 B1 was granted on 2 February 2005 to XY Inc., Fort Collins, CO (USA), based on a corresponding patent application filed with the EPO on 22 November 2002.
		In its decision of 16 June 1999, the Administrative Council of the European Patent Organisation, which supervises the activities of the EPO and is composed of representatives of all the contracting states to the European Patent Convention (EPC), incorporated the relevant provisions of this Directive into European patent law.
		It thus follows from both the provisions of the Directive and of the EPC that, as regards the human body and its elements, the applicable legal framework rigorously ensures that the human body effectively remains unavailable and inalienable and that human dignity is thus safeguarded.
	www.european-patent-office.org /news/pressrel/2005_10_27_e.htm (2037 words)

	Full text - Daylight Saving Time - European Union Law - Directive 2000/84/EC
		Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
		For the purposes of this Directive "summer-time period" shall mean the period of the year during which clocks are put forward by 60 minutes compared with the rest of the year.
		The Commission shall report to the European Parliament, the Council and the Economic and Social Committee on the impact of the provisions of this Directive on the sectors concerned by 31 December 2007 at the latest.
	webexhibits.org /daylightsaving/eu.html (757 words)

	European directive on privacy and electronic communications
		Directive 97/66/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 December 1997 concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the telecommunications sector (5) translated the princi- ples set out in Directive 95/46/EC into specific rules for the telecommunications sector.
		Directive 97/66/EC has to be adapted to developments in the markets and tech- nologies for electronic communications services in order to provide an equal level of protection of personal data and privacy for users of publicly available electronic communications services, regardless of the technologies used.
		This Directive does not entail an obligation for Member States to extend the application of Directive 95/46/EC to the protection of the legitimate interests of legal persons, which is ensured within the framework of the applicable Community and national legislation.
	www.datenschutz-berlin.de /recht/eu/rv/tk_med/tkdsr_en.htm (5708 words)

	SCADPlus: Integrated pollution prevention and control: IPPC Directive
		This Directive ("the IPPC Directive") imposes a requirement for industrial and agricultural activities with a high pollution potential to have a permit which can only be issued if certain environmental conditions are met, so that the companies themselves bear responsibility for preventing and reducing any pollution they may cause.
		To coordinate the permit process required under the Directive and the emissions trading scheme, a permit issued in compliance with the Directive is not obliged to contain the emission limit values for greenhouse gases if they are subject to an emissions trading scheme, provided there is no local pollution problem.
		Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 October 2004 concerning the establishment of a European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register and amending Council Directives 91/689/EEC and 96/61/EC [COM(2004) 634 - Official Journal C 24 of 29.01.2005].
	europa.eu /scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l28045.htm (1439 words)

	EUCD - The Annotated Web Ready Version
		This Directive should be implemented within a timescale similar to that for the implementation of the Directive on electronic commerce, since that Directive provides a harmonised framework of principles and provisions relevant inter alia to important parts of this Directive.
		These technical means, in their technical functions, should incorporate privacy safeguards in accordance with Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and the free movement of such data(10).
		(9) Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases (OJ L 77, 27.3.1996, p.
	ukcdr.org /issues/eucd/eucd.html (6276 words)

	DWT, LLP \| Practice Areas: Communications, Media & Information Technologies
		The Data Directive allows personal data to be processed only if the data subject has unambiguously given his or her consent or processing is necessary for compliance with certain duties, obligations, or "legitimate interests" of the processing party.
		The Clinton Administration, under the direction of Ira Magaziner, has sought to craft a response to the Directive that is consistent with American policy and practice.
		Prior to the EU Data Directive, the differences in American and European styles of regulation and the accompanying constitutional issues have been of interest to comparative legal scholars but have had little practical significance to First Amendment practitioners.
	www.dwt.com /related_links/adv_bulletins/CMITSumm1998EuroData.htm (1614 words)

	EU Directive
		Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data
		This Directive shall apply to the processing of personal data wholly or partly by automatic means, and to the processing otherwise than by automatic means of personal data which form part of a filing system or are intended to form part of a filing system.
		The Member States shall adopt suitable measures to ensure the full implementation of the' provisions of this Directive and shall in particular lay down the sanctions to be imposed in case of infringement of the provisions adopted pursuant to this Directive.
	www.cdt.org /privacy/eudirective/EU_Directive_.html (7263 words)

	European regulation
		The Directive seeks to improve the controls on the use of laboratory animals, sets minimum standards for housing and care as well as for the training of those handling animals and supervising the experiments.
		The Directive also aims at reducing the numbers of animals used for experiments by requiring that an animal experiment should not be performed when an alternative method exists, and by encouraging the development and validation of alternative methods to replace animal methods.
		The process of revising the Directive has been going on for several years, and it now looks as though the draft legislation will not be available to the European Parliament and the public before 2006.
	www.rds-online.org.uk /pages/page.asp?i_ToolbarID=5&i_PageID=1803 (265 words)

	EC Habitats Directive
		The main aim of the EC Habitats Directive is to promote the maintenance of biodiversity by requiring Member States to take measures to maintain or restore natural habitats and wild species at a favourable conservation status, introducing robust protection for those habitats and species of European importance.
		The provisions of the Directive require Member States to introduce a range of measures including the protection of species listed in the Annexes; to undertake surveillance of habitats and species and produce a report every six years on the implementation of the Directive.
		In the UK the Directive has been transposed into national laws by means of the Conservation (Natural Habitats, and c.) Regulations 1994 (as amended), and the Conservation (Natural Habitats, and c.) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1995 (as amended).
	www.jncc.gov.uk /page-1374 (778 words)

	White Papers: The European Database Directive
		One of the most controversial aspects of the Directive is that database makers must be nationals of an EU Member State, or have their habitual residence in the Union, in order to obtain the benefit of the sui generis right.
		As the Directive is in the field of intellectual property, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and Turkey are obliged, or will be strongly encouraged, to adopt similar legislation under their bilateral agreements with the EU.
		That of course is the intent of the Directive.
	www.nfais.org /publications/white_papers_2.htm (2650 words)

	MICROSOFT AND THE EUROPEAN UNION FACE OFF OVER INTERNET PRIVACY CONCERNS
		This iBrief explores the European Data Privacy Directive and seeks to explain why the European Commission believes.Net Passport may be in violation of its privacy policies and a case for further investigation.
		The European Data Privacy Directive ("Directive") was formally adopted by the European Union ("EU") in 1995, and became effective in October 1998.
		To illustrate, data, such as names and telephone numbers, could not be used in the EU for unsolicited telemarketing without prior consent of the data subject to that collection and specific use of his or her personal data.
	www.law.duke.edu /journals/dltr/articles/2002dltr0014.html (1757 words)

	The European Savings Directive: Now Official! : Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In essence, the Directive requires a paying agent in one Member State, paying savings income in the form of interest payments to individual beneficial owners resident for tax purposes in another Member State to collect and pass on to their domestic authorities, personal information on that individual.
		Indeed so concerned were some countries (in particular France) with the opportunities which the free movement of capital the Directive would afford, that their agreement to the abolition of exchange controls was secured only on the promise that a minimum withholding tax on savings income of EU nationals would be introduced in return..
		The Directive states that the paying agent shall determine the identity (as opposed to residence) of the individual on the basis of name, address and if applicable the tax ID number allocated by the Member State.
	www.pwcglobal.com /Extweb/service.nsf/docid/1431621FECF6E3CC80256E31005B8506 (3690 words)

	European Directive ATEX 94/9/EC - General information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This directive is adopted by the European Union (EU) to facilitate free trade in the EU by aligning the technical and legal requirements in the Member States for products intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres.
		The Directive covers equipment and protective systems, which may be used in areas endangered by potentially explosive atmospheres created by the presence of flammable gases, vapours or dusts.
		The directive indicate safety requirements for equipment intended for use in potentially explosive environment created by the presence of dusts and safety requirements for non-electrical apparatus intended for use in explosive atmospheres.
	www.ascojoucomatic.com /wbs/w3b.exe/_en/537/554/761 (391 words)

	Energy - Electricity
		Recent European Union legislation means that, from July 2007 at the latest, all consumers will be free to shop around for gas and electricity supplies.
		At the same time, the European Union is working to ensure that infrastructure, such as electricity and gas transmission networks, is improved, to transport energy as efficiently as possible to where it is needed.
		The European Commission is monitoring closely the market identifying obstacles and shortcomings.
	ec.europa.eu /energy/electricity/index_en.htm (148 words)

	European Community Database Directive
		European Data Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of March 11, 1996.
		European databases would be treated differently than foreig databases and would be granted greater protection in Europe.
		In the area of software maintenance (such as repairing errors), the Directive allows modifications to be made which are "necessary for the use of the program".
	www.jurisdiction.com /eurodata.htm (583 words)

	Will Americans Qualify for E-Commerce in Europe: Graziadio Business Report
		Passed by the European Commission in October, 1995, it gave member states of the EU three years to enact national legislation in harmony with its requirements or face having its citizens and businesses excluded from participating in electronic commerce across national boundaries.
		The Directive is a comprehensive all-encompassing law that sets very specific criteria for the use and transfer of personal data, with the objective of protecting the right to privacy in the processing of such data.
		The Europeans, on the other hand, appear to be determined to pursue the privacy directive's goals, and they have suggested that America must take the issue of data privacy much more seriously in order to have electronic access to the European Union's consumers.
	gbr.pepperdine.edu /983/privacy.html (2742 words)

	European directive targets file sharers - vnunet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Although the EU Intellectual Property Rights Enforcement Directive was originally drafted to fight commercial counterfeiters, heavy lobbying from copyright holders resulted in the legislation being widened to include any copyright infringements.
		Late amendments to the directive state that action should not be taken against individuals who download music "in good faith" for their own use.
		Although the directive has removed a broad proposal to slap criminal sanctions on private individuals who swap copyrighted files over the internet, it is being left to individual nations to determine whether to reintroduce criminal penalties.
	www.vnunet.com /vnunet/news/2124525/european-directive-targets-file-sharers (503 words)

	UPDATED Revision of the European Working Time Directive - European Public Health Alliance
		Communication on the review of the Directive which analysed the opt-outs and derogations in different Member States, summarised recent case law concerning the definition of working time and the qualification of time spent "on-call" and set out the framework for a public consultation on the implementation of the Directive.
		Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament amending Directive 2003/88/EC concerning certain aspects of the organisation of working time, 23/09/2004.
		This may force the European Commission to take legal action against Member States that are currently violating European Court of Justice rulings over on call time.
	www.epha.org /a/980 (2628 words)

	The European copyright Directive - the last chapter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Once a European Directive is adopted, the next step is for the Directive to be implemented or transposed into the national legislation of each EU member state, plus the EU candidate countries.
		Adoption of the Directive means that Europe will sign up to this international, thereby extending protection for European authors, artists and creators in a global market and boosting the European internal market by adjusting existing copyright law to the digital age.
		The Directive has not achieved the second aim of harmonisation per se because the majority of exceptions are optional, leaving it to member states to choose.
	www.eblida.org /eblida/meetings/events/copyright/workshop_feb02.htm (1536 words)

	European Union Directive on Copyright Term of Protection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The rights of an author of a literary or artistic work within the meaning of Article 2 of the Berne Convention shall run for the life of the author and for 70 years after his death, irrespective of the date when the work is lawfully made available to the public.
		Where a term of protection, which is longer than the corresponding term provided for by this Directive, is already running in a Member State on the date referred to in Article 13 (1), this Directive shall not have the effect of shortening that term of protection in that Member State.
		The terms of protection provided for in this Directive shall apply to all works and subject matter which are protected in at least one Member State, on the date referred to in Article 13 (1), pursuant to national provisions on copyright or related rights or which meet the criteria for protection under Directive 92/100/EEC.
	homepages.law.asu.edu /~dkarjala/OpposingCopyrightExtension/legmats/eudirect.html (1915 words)

	RIBA: European Directive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Recognition of Professional Qualifications
		Download an Adobe PDF copy of the European Directive 2005/35/EC that updates the European Union Architects Directive and its corrigendum from December 2003.
		In addition, EU qualified architects may join the RIBA after a period of five year’s approved professional practice in the European Union, as documented by a comprehensive curriculum vitae.
	www.riba.org /go/RIBA/Also/Education_2423.html (257 words)

	CyberLaw (tm) 8/95 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Directive seeks to prevent abuses of personal data and lays down comprehensive rules, including an obligation to collect data only for specified, explicit and legitimate purposes, as well as to only hold data if it is relevant, accurate and up-to-date.
		The Directive covers not only processing of personal data by automatic means, but also other forms of processing personal data which form part of a filing system or are intended to do so.
		Under the Directive, personal data may be transferred to third countries "only if, without prejudice to compliance with the national provisions adopted pursuant to the other provisions of [the] Directive, the third country in question ensures an adequate level of protection." Adequacy of protection will be assessed in light of all the circumstances.
	www.cyberlaw.com /cylw0895.html (1103 words)

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