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Topic: European heat wave of 2003

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	Heat wave - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather, which may be accompanied by high humidity.
		Severe heat waves have caused catastrophic crop failures, thousands of deaths from hyperthermia, and widespread power outages due to increased use of air conditioning.
		During the disastrous heat wave that struck Europe in 2003, fires raged through Portugal, destroying over 3010 km² (740,000 acres) of forest and 440 km² (108,000 acres) of agricultural land and causing an estimated €1 billion worth of damage.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Heat_wave (806 words)

	October 9, 2003: Record Heat Wave in Europe Takes 35,000 Lives
		Heat waves are a silent killer, mostly affecting the elderly, the very young, or the chronically ill.
		Although the historical data for heat waves leave much to be desired, we can say with confidence that the August heat wave in Europe has broken all records for heat-induced human fatalities.
		For many of the millions who suffered through these record heat waves and the relatives of the tens of thousands who died, cutting carbon emissions is becoming a pressing personal issue.
	www.earth-policy.org /Updates/Update29.htm (1327 words)

	No relief from stifling heat in Europe, wildfires rage on
		Europeans suffering for the past week from Sahara-like weather "could see a drop in temperatures from August 15," said Dominique Escale, meteorologist for France's national weather service Meteo France.
		The blistering heat coupled with severe drought have helped whip up forest fires in several countries, with weary firefighters struggling on Friday to rein in blazes in Portugal, Italy and France.
		Sixteen people have succumbed to the steamy heat in Spain, while 20 others have been killed in devastating fires in France and Portugal, bringing the total summer death toll to three dozen in the space of two weeks.
	www.terradaily.com /2003/030808155421.kczr4e00.html (616 words)

	CNN.com - Europe recalls lethal 2003 heat wave - Aug 3, 2004
		Neither Europeans, nor people around the world, can erase the memory of the thousands of people who lost their lives in the worst weather disaster to hit the region in centuries.
		The event marks the 2003 European heat wave as the hottest summer in the northern hemisphere.
		Heat waves are silent killers that claim the lives of more people each year in Europe than disasters like floods, tornadoes, and hurricanes combined.
	www.cnn.com /2004/TECH/science/08/02/heatwave.europe/index.html (537 words)

	HazMAP
		Although a heat wave does not happen with the spectacle of other hazards such as tornadoes and floods, the National Center for Environmental Health reports that, from 1979 to 1999, excessive heat exposure caused 8,015 deaths in the United States.
		A heat wave in Texas that broke all previous records occurred in the summer of 1980.
		Based on a qualitative analysis of the impacts that a severe summer heat hazard would have on the social, economic, and environmental components of the NCTCOG region, the risk of a severe summer heat hazard is sufficient enough to merit mitigation consideration.
	www.hazmap.nctcog.org /risk_assessment/Chapter14.asp (978 words)

	2003 European heat wave - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The summer of 2003 was one of the hottest on record in Europe; this led to a health crisis in certain countries as well as considerable impact on crops.
		The heat wave made Hungary fare extremely well on Vinalies 2003 International wine contest[5]: total of 9 gold and 9 silver medals were awarded to Hungarian winemakers.
		The heat wave has inevitably been linked to unprecedented weather extremes in other parts of the world taking place in the same general period (such as the worst drought in recorded history in Australia during the previous Australian summer, and massive floods in the USA) and attributed to global warming.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/European_heat_wave_of_2003 (1123 words)

	Thousands die in European heat wave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The heat wave has reignited debate over whether the high temperatures represent a normal fluctuation in the climate or are a symptom of global warming, with the overwhelming body of current evidence indicating the latter is the case.
		European politicians have reacted to the latest weather-based catastrophes with a mixture of public consternation and narrow pragmatism, although this is by no means the first time in recent history that the continent has been hit by such disasters.
		Despite some measures undertaken by the European Union since the fires of 2001, including increased satellite tracking of weather patterns, there was no adequate warning (not to speak of preventative measures) of the heat wave and its consequences.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2003/aug2003/heat-a14.shtml (1402 words)

	CNN.com - France tackles heat emergency - Aug. 14, 2003
		Heat strains France's nuclear reactors, the country's main source of electricity.
		French officials blame the high death toll in part on the length of the heat wave and the fact that Parisian buildings typically lack air conditioning.
		French officials are blaming the duration of the heat wave for the deaths.
	www.cnn.com /2003/WORLD/europe/08/14/paris.heatwave (771 words)

	Deadly Heat Waves More Likely - Fight Global Warming - Environmental Defense
		This summer's scorching heat waves are a preview of the more frequent and severe weather global warming is likely to bring.
		A 1980 heat wave claimed 1,700 lives in the East and Midwest; in 1988 another East/Midwest heat wave killed 454 people; the 1995 heat wave also claimed lives in Philadelphia, Milwaukee and St. Louis in addition to Chicago's losses, and in 1998, more than 120 people in Texas died from a heat wave.
		The heat wave prompted the French government to fund an extra $45 million for elderly people and hospitals, and led French health officials to up France's health spending by $6.8 billion over five years.
	www.fightglobalwarming.com /page.cfm?tagID=251 (903 words)

	Extreme weather \| Greenpeace International
		The European heat wave of 2003 killed 14,800 people in France alone and more than 30,000 across the continent.
		In a breakthrough paper on the attribution of climate change impacts, scientists from the UK published a study which concluded with greater than 90 percent likelihood that climate change doubled the risk of that heat wave, which was by far the worst in the historical record.
		Heat waves don't only affect people; they can also harm crops, livestock, fish populations and wildlife.
	www.greenpeace.org /international/campaigns/climate-change/impacts/extreme_weather (776 words)

	More Frequent Heat Waves Linked to Global Warming
		Heat waves like those that have scorched Europe and the United States in recent weeks are becoming more frequent because of global warming, say scientists who have studied decades of weather records and computer models of past, present and future climate.
		Several researchers said it is hard to draw conclusions about the relationship between severe heat waves and climate change because heat waves occur less often than other weather events and arise from specific weather conditions.
		The current heat wave, said National Weather Service meteorologist Dennis Feltgen, stems from "a large persistent area of high pressure in the upper atmosphere" that has drifted from the West to the East Coast.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/03/AR2006080301489_pf.html (1011 words)

	USATODAY.com - France heat wave death toll set at 14,802 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The bulk of the victims — many of them elderly — died during the height of the heat wave, which brought suffocating temperatures of up to 104 degrees in a country where air conditioning is rare.
		The heat wave swept across much of Europe, but the death toll was far higher in France than in any other country.
		Environmental experts warn that because of climate change, such heat waves are expected to increase in number in coming years, meaning Europe —; a continent that historically has enjoyed a temperate climate — will have to make adjustments.
	www.usatoday.com /weather/news/2003-09-25-france-heat_x.htm (550 words)

	23/9/2003 -- Deadly European Heat Wave May Repeat
		The percentage of the population 60 or older is expected to rise from 20.6 percent in 2000 to 35 percent in 2050, according to the National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies.
		The elderly are especially vulnerable in a heat wave.
		Heat wave sufferers said they couldn't get in touch with doctors, harried emergency workers arrived at hospitals only to find no beds available, and the elderly were often left to fend for themselves.
	forests.org /articles/reader.asp?linkid=25868 (965 words)

	European heatwave caused 35,000 deaths - 10 October 2003 - New Scientist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		August 2003 was the hottest August on record in the northern hemisphere.
		By the end of this century, the average world temperature is projected to climb by 1.4 to 5.8°C. "Though heat waves rarely are given adequate attention, they claim more lives each year than floods, tornadoes, and hurricanes combined," warns the EPI.
		When the body is subjected to extreme heat, it struggles to maintain its ideal temperature of 37°C. The body attempts to do this by sweating and pumping blood closer to the skin, but high heat and humidity can confound these cooling mechanisms.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn4259 (453 words)

	European Heat Wave 2003 as seen from MODIS
		Europe was experiencing a historic heat wave during the summer 2003.
		The difference in land surface temperature is calculated by subtracting the average of all cloud free data during 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2004 from the ones in measured in 2003, covering the date range of July 20 - August 20.
		The heat wave stretched northward all the way to the United Kingdom, particularly southern England (bottom of island) and Scotland (top of island).
	www.iac.ethz.ch /staff/stockli/europe2003 (465 words)

	eMedicine - Heat Exhaustion and Heatstroke : Article by Jason Hoppe, DO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Heat exhaustion, the most common heat-related illness, involves mild-to-moderate dysfunction of temperature control associated with elevated ambient temperatures and/or strenuous exercise resulting in dehydration and salt depletion.
		Convection is the dissipation of heat from the body to the air and water vapor surrounding the body; it accounts for 10% of the body's heat loss.
		The European summer heat wave of 2003 was exceptionally harsh in both duration and intensity.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic236.htm (4731 words)

	DVD Talk Forum - View Single Post - Is global warming killing 150,000 people a year?
		They cited both broad-scale examples — such as the 2003 European heat wave that killed nearly 45,000 in two weeks — and smaller-scale examples, such as the local effects of "urban heat islands," a phenomenon in which cities register temperatures 5 to 10 degrees warmer than the outlying area.
		Yes, 2003 was a very warm summer in Europe, but the fact the similar conditions occurred there in the very distant past essentially pretty much debunks this “global warming” hypothesis.
		If it’s too cold, they turn up the heat, go into the sun, put on a jacket, etc. The fact that Phoenix has a thriving population in a valley that is essentially inhospitable to human life speaks volumes for the adaptability of humans to overcome the limitation imposed by Nature.
	www.dvdtalk.com /forum/showpost.php?p=6571941&postcount=1 (1913 words)

	USATODAY.com - European heat wave sets record, fuels wildfires (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		He was speaking about Italy, but the heat wave was the hottest in recent memory in much of Europe.
		Experts from Italy's state-funded CNR research center said the heat wave was among the five worst in the past 150 years.
		Two people in southern Spain died of heat stroke, raising the death toll to 14 in the heat wave stifling much of the country.
	www.usatoday.com /weather/news/2003-08-06-europe-heatwave_x.htm (934 words)

	The 2003 European heat waves
		Contributors employed a variety of methods to estimate the number of excess deaths during and just after the 2003 heat episodes and to relate daily death counts to weather, to concentrations of air pollutants, and to demographic and social characteristics.
		All six reports demonstrate that the mortality impact of the 2003 heatwave was greatest on the very old: for example, excess mortality in France was estimated at 20% for those aged 45-74 years, at 70% for the 75-94 year age group, and at 120% for people over 94 years [3].
		Reports from both France and Portugal observe that in 2003, deaths certified as caused by ambient heat constituted an important proportion of the death excess [3,4]; in France, 2852 of 11 891 (24%) excess deaths among people over 74 years were medically certified as directly heat-related.
	www.eurosurveillance.org /em/v10n07/1007-222.asp (1558 words)

	European Heat Wave Shows Limits of Nuclear Energy
		The heat wave since mid-June has led authorities in France, Germany, Spain and elsewhere in Europe to override their own environmental norms on the maximum temperature of water drained from the plants' cooling systems.
		During the hot summer of 2003, French authorities had allowed nuclear power plants to drain excessively hot water into rivers, leading to considerable damage to flora and fauna, Lhomme said.
		Scheer is president of Eurosolar, the European association for renewable energy resources, and winner of the 'Alternative Nobel prize' for his commitment to the environment.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines06/0728-06.htm (855 words)

	Climate change culprits could face court \| EnergyBulletin.net \| Peak Oil News Clearinghouse
		They compared the frequency of heat waves in today’s greenhouse-gas polluted world to their frequency in the simulated, uncontaminated environment.
		The results from many runs of the climate model suggest that extreme heat waves can now be expected once every 250 years but would have happened less than once in 1000 years if there were no extra greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
		While severe heat waves are still extremely rare, the chances of them happening are increased, explains Allen.
	www.energybulletin.net /3441.html (597 words)

	Allianz - Heat wave: Climate change affects public health (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The European heat wave could not have more clearly illustrated the connection between climate and public health, but for people in the world's poorest regions, such a reminder is hardly necessary.
		And as the 2003 heat wave in Europe suggested, more hot weather could mean more deaths and illness from heat stress, respiratory and heart disease and exposure to ultra-violet radiation.
		"The European heat wave of 2003 was the trigger for a number of government initiatives," says Bettina Menne of the WHO's Regional Office for Europe, referring to recent national studies that point to future increases in heat waves in the northern hemisphere, as well as propose strategies for adaptation.
	www.allianz.com /azcom/dp/cda/0,,1194684-44,00.html (968 words)

	GREENIE WATCH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		As previously reported the heat wave was statistically unusual and was a deep tropospheric phenomenon.
		As we state in our conclusion, "We compared extreme tropospheric temperature events from 22oN to 80oN in JJA and globally using annual averages to the European summer heat wave of 2003 in terms of standard deviations exceeded and correlations between regional extremes and temperatures at larger spatial scales.
		The European Commission found most of the EU member states that have filed their allocation plans for the 2008-2012 period have again handed out more emissions quotas than polluters could use, as they did last year.
	antigreen.blogspot.com /2006/11/green-republicans-lead-gop-losses.html (2690 words)

	10.5 Heat waves in the Mediterranean Region: Analysis and model results (2005 - 16Global) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Initial estimates of the economic loss (more than $13 Billion) place the summer 2003 European heat wave on top of all natural disasters of the year.
		However, the heat-wave occurred in 2003 (the most extreme in 500 years) was the longest and warmest event occurred, with more than 30,000 fatalities in Western Europe, and it has been viewed by some Authors as part of the expected global signal of warming.
		Analysis and model results show that heat waves in western Europe and Mediterranean are regional climate fluctuation, weakly linked to large scale climate events, as monsoons and SSTAs, rather than a direct result of lower tropospheric global warming, which, however, may play a role in enhancing their strength.
	ams.confex.com /ams/Annual2005/techprogram/paper_85262.htm (540 words)

	Chicago Heat Wave 1995 \| MetaFilter
		In 1999, when Chicago experienced another severe heat wave, the city issued strongly worded warnings and press releases to the media, opened cooling centers and provided free bus transportation to them, phoned elderly residents, and sent police officers and city workers door-to-door to check up on seniors who lived alone.
		That aggressive response drastically reduced the death toll of the 1999 heat wave: 110 residents died, a fraction of the 1995 level but still catastrophic.
		However, the chapter of Heat Wave that I find most applicable to the current situation is "Governing By Public Relations." Daley was guilty of that political sin, but Bush and co. has raised to a whole new level of venality.
	www.metafilter.com /mefi/44969 (1406 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- Four more dead in Spain as European heat wave sizzles on
		MADRID, Spain – Blistering heat caused four more deaths in Spain on Tuesday as Europe baked in relentless weather that has disrupted travel and cooked the Mediterranean enough for one scientist to warn of a proliferation of jellyfish.
		Doctors said the latest victims had heart or respiratory conditions that were worsened by the heat as Europeans suffer from one of the worst heat waves and dry spells in years.
		The heat has exacerbated forest fires in Spain and neighboring Portugal, where two more bodies were found, raising the death toll from the worst wildfires in decades to 11.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/world/20030805-1304-europe-heatwave.html (673 words)

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