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Topic: European Security Strategy

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European Security and Defense Policy

Javier Solana

EUFOR Althea

Maastricht Treaty

	European Security and Defence Policy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The European Security and Defence Policy or ESDP is considered a major element of the Common Foreign and Security Policy pillar of the European Union (EU).
		The European Security Strategy is the policy document that guides the European Union's international security strategy, setting out its main priorities and identifying the main threats, such as terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, regional conflict, failed states, and organised crime.
		As a part of the partial merger of the WEU with the European Union these tasks now form a part of the European Security and Defence Policy, and are central to strengthening the European Union 's second pillar, the Common Foreign and Security Policy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/European_Security_Strategy (758 words)

	Europe Gets Real: The New Security Strategy Shows the EU's Geopolitical Maturity - by Peter van Ham \| January 9, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		First, a shared security strategy aims to reposition the EU in the post-9/11 security environment by formulating a cohesive joint strategy for advancing Europe's economic and political interests.
		A final reason for formulating a European security document is to contain the looming threat of strategic fragmentation within the EU itself.
		The European Convention was supposed to fix these structural problems and prepare the EU for the accession of ten new members in May 2004.
	www.aicgs.org /c/vanham.shtml (987 words)

	EU Security Policy & the role of the European Commission - Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Following decisions taken by the European Union heads of state and government at the Helsinki and Nice European Councils in December 1999 and in December 2000, new and tailor-made structures in the military and political areas are being set up in Brussels to enable decision-making in crisis situations.
		Security is a wide concept often used in the most varying senses ranging from dependability of products, of product supply and security of the citizen to global peace and security.
		Within the European Union the development of common strategies and crisis management procedures are examples of efforts to improve coordination.
	europa.eu.int /comm/external_relations/esdp (1528 words)

	The United States national security strategy and its consequences for European defence
		The European Union and NATO expressed support for the United States' efforts to combat the terrorist threat, European police forces were mobilised to hunt down the al-Qa'ida support networks and texts were drafted to facilitate police and judicial cooperation among the European states.
		A successful strengthening of the European states' military capabilities is the key, not to competing with America, but to strengthening their strategic negotiating position (in the EU and NATO frameworks alike) with regard to the United States.
		For the United States, this represents a secure geopolitical area that is of strategic importance, in particular due to its proximity to the Near and Middle East and the Caspian Sea with its rich reserves of oil and gas.
	www.assembly-weu.org /en/documents/sessions_ordinaires/rpt/2003/1824.html (14247 words)

	friendly printed version:European Security Strategy: Concepts to Practice
		I will speak to the difficulties of implementing a security strategy, both of the general type - those that plague the implementation of all similar strategic documents - but also those that are specific nature, those created by the very character and content of the EU security strategy.
		My thoughts on the security strategy is offered in good faith, in the hope that it will facilitate the transition from concepts to practice, as the title of this conference mandates.
		So I want to urge caution and patience; implementing the new security strategy will be a gradual process because it depends on individual member states embracing the new strategy, incorporating it in their policies, making it their own.
	www.cdi.org /friendlyversion/printversion.cfm?documentID=2077&from_page=../program/document.cfm (1712 words)

	Security Focus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The publication national security strategies is only a recent tradition, quite different from the practice of the states before the Second World War to keep secret their goals in the area of security and especially the means to attain them.
		Their diversification and complication during the last years have lead to the modification of security policy content and to the development of new security trends, which imposed the need of implementation of new security measures and totally new approaches focused on the protection of civil population in the peacetime conditions.
		The new security situation has justified the application of a number of security measures as communications interception and others, which were previously largely opposed due to their intrusive nature.
	www.mediapool.bg /site/security/index_en.shtml (11252 words)

	"The European Security Strategy - the Next Steps?" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Security Strategy was born when Europeans acknowledged that we are stronger when we have a common perception of the threats we face and how to deal with them.
		Europe's security strategy is built on the concepts of responsibility, prevention, capability and partnership.
		The European Security Strategy is underpinned and made credible by the notion of capability.
	www.upi-fiia.fi /tilaisuudet/Solana_puhe.htm (2223 words)

	Romania's National Security Strategy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In this respect, the novelty of the National Security Strategy is a wider opening to these issues and a wider approach to the concept of national security, in the circumstances of the increasing complexity and diversity of the aspects that have become relevant in this area.
		Institutional and specialists’ analyses that have substantiated the charting of the strategy have led to the conclusion that such a renewed and novel approach to the security issues is a necessity as well as a possibility.
		The Strategy represents the basic document that defines these interests, as well as the objectives for their achievement, and materializes the political expression and highest level settlement of the Romanian State, and at the same time, the instrument for substantiating and directing the actions within the whole system of national security.
	english.mapn.ro /stratsec/index.php (714 words)

	House of Commons - European Scrutiny - First Report
		The first draft was presented on 21 June 2003 at the Thessaloniki European Council, where it was discussed by Member States, and subsequently with representatives from think-tanks, other States and international organisations.
		It wants international organisations, regimes and treaties to be effective in confronting threats to international peace and security, and must therefore be ready to act when their rules are broken.
		The Strategy remains focussed, short and accessible with a strong message on the need for the EU to have a more coherent, pro-active and capable policy response in tackling the global security threats, drawing together all of the existing policy tools at the EU's disposal".
	www.publications.parliament.uk /pa/cm200304/cmselect/cmeuleg/42-i/4224.htm (2233 words)

	Dr Rupel addresses Finnish conference on European Security Strategy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In his address to the conference, Dr Rupel said that the formulation of the European Security Strategy is an important step towards the evolution of the European Union as global player capable of assuming its share of responsibility for the stability of Europe and beyond.
		In Brussels, the European Council has identified four starting areas for the implementation of the European Security Strategy.These four areas are: combating terrorism, developing a Middle East strategy, adopting a comprehensive policy towards Bosnia and Herzegovina, and having a strategy of efficient multilateralism.
		The strategy towards the Middle East will be able to contribute to the economic, social and political development of the region should it succeed in persuading the parties involved to cooperate.
	www.gov.si /mzz/eng/news_room/news/04022503.html (730 words)

	European Security Strategy : Fight against Terrorism
		In December 2003, the European Council asked the Presidency and SG/HR, in co-ordination with the Commission to present concrete proposals for the implementation of the European security strategy in four areas including the fight against terrorism (para.
		Security within the EU cannot be achieved at the cost of creating an inward-looking Union.
		The EU approach is therefore to strengthen internal security in a co-ordinated and multidisciplinary manner, and to promote stability and security beyond our borders whilst avoiding new dividing lines, particularly with the near neighbours.
	www.libertysecurity.org /article18.html (1073 words)

	Press Release (20/01/04) - The European Security Strategy
		The European Security Strategy is a coded blueprint for creating an armed superpower to protect, in the international arena, the economic and political interests of the major powers in the European Union.
		In fact, the E.U. Security Strategy is a mirror image of the National Security Strategy of the U.S.A., laying the basis for military intervention around the world.
		This programme of democratic socialism would mean real security for all humanity and would mean the elimination for all time of obscene wastage of massive resources and human ingenuity on armaments and war.
	www.socialistparty.net /press/presseurosecurity20-01-04.htm (484 words)

	European Union Civilian Crisis Management Capabilities and the Emerging European Union Security Strategy
		This is a vital contribution to security given the serious security implications of poverty and inequality, beyond the moral imperatives they raise.
		The adoption of the European Arrest Warrant and then the signature, on the margins of the 25 June 2003 EU-US Summit, of the Mutual Legal Assistance and Extradition Agreement are examples of that endeavor.
		It is of course true and only fair to point out that the US national security strategy also addresses the issues of poverty and inequality in the developing world and the need to increase the amount and effectiveness of US development assistance, per President Bush’s announcement in Monterrey.
	www.eurunion.org /news/speeches/2003/031003gb.htm (3001 words)

	EUROPE’S SECURITY STRATEGY
		The European Security Strategy that was presented by to the European Summit in Thessaloniki in June 2003, provides first answers to these questions.
		The European Security Strategy describes new threats and a new security environment, and discusses the resulting strategic objectives of Europe’s foreign policy, as well as the possible means to counter those threats.
		Europe’s Security Strategy concludes, that her objectives can only be reached in the multilateral setting of international institutions, as well as through partnerships with other global and regional actors.
	www.boell.de /de/01_event/2039.html (761 words)

	The European Security Strategy: where next? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		His visit gave an outstanding opportunity for bringing together leading European practitioners and researchers to discuss the European Security Strategy prepared under the leadership of Solana last year and adopted by EU heads of states in December.
		In his speech at the Finlandia Hall, Mr Solana stressed the responsibility of the EU for regional and global security, and welcomed the new proactive and strategic approach to common external action.
		Foreign Minister of Slovenia, Dr Dimitrij Rupel addressed the main tasks of EU foreign and security policy as identified in the Security Strategy, focusing on the fight against terrorism and the situation in the Middle East and the Western Balkan region.
	www.upi-fiia.fi /tilaisuudet/2004/ESS250204.htm (728 words)

	RAND \| RAND Europe \| Research \| Publications \| RE:view \| European Cyber-Security Strategy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As coordinated European action gathers pace, the European Commission turned to a consortium of research institutes led by RAND Europe to help define a strategic European policy approach that would engage all stakeholders.
		European institutions, notably the Commission, can play a vital role in stimulating the market, raising awareness, orchestrating knowledge and reducing unevenness between jurisdictions.
		The Network and Information Security Unit should be given a clear, cross-pillar mandate and could institutionalise a partnership with the private sector and civil society.
	www.rand.org /randeurope/review/2.2-rathmell.html (588 words)

	A joint European space strategy: security and defence aspects
		For some time now the European Union has been taking an increasing interest in space, which can be explained by the many uses it can serve in EU policies (agriculture, urban planning, transport, the environment, etc.), by the development of its commercial applications and by a concern to strengthen the European space industry.
		Members of the European Council declared their resolve that "the European Union shall play its full role on the international stage" and to that end said they intended to give the European Union "the necessary means and capabilities to assume its responsibilities regarding a common European policy on security and defence".
		Thus consideration of the security and defence aspects of a European Strategy for Space must also take account of effects on the environment, in particular global change, environmental stress and natural and man-made disasters, which are the three main themes of GMES.
	www.assembly-weu.org /en/documents/sessions_ordinaires/rpt/2001/1738.html (8584 words)

	SEF-Bonn - Stiftung Entwicklung und Frieden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The background to the development of a European Security Strategy is the changed global situation since the end of the East-West conflict.
		Under these circumstances, any European Security and Defence Policy worthy of the name will only be viable if it is based on a comprehensive common strategy which clearly defines Europe's security interests and implements them through practical policies.
		Whereas the USA mainly defines its security in military terms and is pursuing a potentially confrontational policy of prevention against "rogue states" and terrorists, the Europeans advocate a broader concept of security and a cooperative approach.
	www.sef-bonn.org /html/events/european_security_strategy (747 words)

	SECRETARY-GENERAL’S REFORM RECOMMENDATIONS ‘DID NOT GO FAR ENOUGH’, GENERAL ASSEMBLY TOLD, AS DEBATE BEGINS ON ‘IN ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Key proposals for United Nations renewal include: expansion of the Security Council to make it more broadly representative of the international community as a whole and today’s geopolitical realities; and streamlining of the Secretariat to be more flexible, transparent and accountable in serving the priorities of Member States and the interests of the world’s peoples.
		’s proposal for a new security concept, which emphasized mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and cooperation. The proposals on combating terrorism, on peacekeeping, and the fight against transnational organized crime were, on the whole, sound and positive.
		That concept, which sought to endorse the undue concentration of authority in the Security Council, would legitimize and reinforce the pervasive inequality -- in security, power and wealth -- which characterized the times and which the United Nations must seek to rectify.
	www.un.org /News/Press/docs/2005/ga10337.doc.htm (2884 words)

	Javier Solana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		All foreign ambassadors of the European Union entity (as opposed to its individual countries) as well as all EU military personnel are ultimately accountable to the Council of the European Union through Javier Solana.
		He opened by declaring that it was auspicious that it began on the 900th anniversary of the calling of the first crusade by Pope Urban II, and commented "What a lot of intolerance and misunderstanding that led to." The conference concluded with the 27 nations signing the Barcelona Treaty.
		Given Solana's talents in securing consensus but also bringing pressure to bear where necessary, it will be interesting to watch how Solana and/or his successors of this office crafted by him play out the role of the new EU Foreign Minister.
	www.jewsformorality.org /javier_solana.htm (3061 words)

	European Union - Delegation of the European Commission to the USA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		European Union - Delegation of the European Commission to the USA
		The EU is the biggest aid donor in the world, accounting for 55% of development assistance--20% of which is managed by the European Commission.
		European Union - Delegation of the European Commission to the United States
	www.eurunion.org /legislat/Defense/esdpweb.htm (115 words)

	Back to the Future Is Not An Option: European Security Strategy for the Year 2000 - Storming Media
		Back to the Future Is Not An Option: European Security Strategy for the Year 2000
		Abstract: This essay examines European security design for the year 2000.
		Extensive review of various analyses and proposals concerning post-Cold War European security reveals the need for a fresh, innovative approach by American policy makers.
	www.stormingmedia.us /25/2513/A251352.html (223 words)

	Obsidian Wings: European Security Strategy
		In December 2003, the European Council agreed a European Security Strategy (ESS), which advocates preventive engagement and effective multilateralism.
		It is also contingent upon the ratification and approval of the European Constitution, which is in looking unlikely in the United Kingdom and also, my French cousins tell me, is very unpopular in France.
		The political reality is that Europe, both through the EU as a unit and as expressed through most of its member states, is unwilling to deal with world security threats beyond their borders except through chat-style diplomatic meetings.
	obsidianwings.blogs.com /obsidian_wings/2004/09/european_securi.html (1387 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| World dispatch \| World dispatch: Brian Whitaker
		The Arab-Israeli conflict has not only blighted the Middle East but also provided a smokescreen for that malaise, diverting the attention of Arabs from their internal problems and providing an excuse for tired governments to survive well beyond their sell-by date.
		Without it, according to the European Security Strategy document, "there will be little chance of dealing with other problems in the Middle East" - in other words, failure to achieve peace is likely to frustrate hopes for democratisation, liberalisation, regional economic development and security cooperation.
		To anyone who is reasonably familiar with the Arab world and has no particular axe to grind, the EU, the Egyptian president and the Shia cleric are merely stating the obvious.
	www.guardian.co.uk /elsewhere/journalist/story/0,7792,1190443,00.html (1397 words)

	Green Paper Towards a European strategy for the security of energy supply (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		These views have not been adopted or in any way approved by the Commission and should not be relied upon as a statement of the Commission’s or DG Energy and Transport’s views.
		This report was produced by a consultant for DG Energy and Transport and represents the consultant’s views on the subject matter.
		The European Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this report, nor does it accept responsibility for any use made thereof.
	europa.eu.int /comm/energy_transport/en/lpi_lv_en1.html (329 words)

	Death Knell for NATO? The Bush Administration Confronts the European Security and Defense Policy
		One of the first foreign policy challenges President George W. Bush and his foreign policy team must face is the changing nature of the transatlantic relationship.
		For several years, U.S. policymakers have been increasingly concerned that the European Union's goal of acquiring the capability to pursue an autonomous foreign and security policy—the European Security and Defence Policy—will undermine NATO's role as the primary guarantor of European security.
		Washington and its European allies became locked in an increasingly bitter dispute about the relationship between the EU's proposed Rapid Reaction Force and NATO, specifically about whether the RRF should be embedded within the NATO framework or constitute an autonomous European military capability separate from NATO.
	www.cato.org /pubs/pas/pa-394es.html (427 words)

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