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Topic: European Security and Defense Policy

Related Topics

European Security and Defence Policy

European Defence Agency

Political and Security Committee

European Security Strategy

Common Foreign and Security Policy

European Rapid Reaction Force

European Economic Community

Amsterdam Treaty

Javier Solana

Treaty of Nice

Maastricht Treaty

Peacekeeping

Schengen treaty

Treaty of Rome

EUFOR Althea

	OpinionJournal - Federation
		The Center for Security Policy is a non-profit, non-partisan, national security policy organization committed to the time-tested philosophy of promoting international peace through American strength.
		The principal audience for such materials is the U.S. security policy-making community, corresponding organizations in key foreign governments, the press, the global business/financial community, and the public at large.
		By focusing on public policy issues such as education, the environment, health care, entrepreneurship, regulation, and technology, the Institute strives to foster a better understanding of the principles of a free society among leaders in government, academia, the media, and the business community.
	www.opinionjournal.com /federation (2501 words)

	European Security and Defense Policy
		Several developments and weaknesses of ESDP became apparent in the debate: Whereas the EU's tactical battle groups are to be deployable by 2007 to 2009, the European Rapid Reaction Forces which were still included in the Helsinki Headline Goal were deleted from the Headline Goal 2010.
		ESDP assets, both civilian and military, are those of the member states, and for both, civilian and military ESDP, the EU has to make use of national assets.
		Radek Khol: The Czech Republic and ESDP in 2004
	www.cap-lmu.de /transatlantic/topics/edsp.php (2326 words)

	MSN Encarta - European Union
		CFSP is a forum for foreign policy discussions, common declarations, and common actions that work toward developing a security and defense policy.
		The major ones are the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Parliament, the European Court of Justice, and the Court of Auditors.
		Although its name is similar to that of the European Council, the Council of the European Union’s powers are essentially limited to the EC pillar, whereas the European Council oversees all three pillars of EU cooperation.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761579567_4/European_Union.html (1512 words)

	Zeitschrift: Internationale Politik und Gesellschaft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		European Security and Defense Policy: Between »Offensive Defense« and »Human Security«
		The more the EU extends its security policy commitments the more diffuse the political and strategic profile of ESDP appears to be.
		Clarification is therefore required concerning the aims, capacities, and requirements of European security and defense policy.
	www.fes.de /ipg/inhalt_d/b04_06_9.htm (106 words)

	European Institute
		Following the European Parliament’s recent initiatives to improve European-U.S. cooperation on data privacy and toward reaching an agreement on General Principles of Data Protection, a discussion was convened with a delegation of the European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs, headed by The Hon.
		European and American policy makers and corporate leaders in the aviation industry shared their views on the development of standards and common guidelines that translate across national borders.
		The European Commission’s recently published Green Paper, Towards a future Maritime Policy for the Union: A European vision for the oceans and seas, was the basis for discussion at a special International Conference to explore ways the EU and U.S. can cooperate to best serve and protect their maritime interests.
	www.europeaninstitute.org (2291 words)

	European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP)
		The catalyst for the genesis of the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) is considered to be the British-French summit that took place in St. Malo in December 1998.
		ESDP's ultimate aim is the framing of a common defence policy, as provided for in the Treaty on European Union (Article 17.1).
		At the European Council in Nice, appropriate arrangements for dialogue, consultation and cooperation on issues related to security and defence policy and crisis management between the EU and third countries were established.
	www.greekembassy.org /Embassy/content/en/Article.aspx?office=1&folder=40&article=60 (2397 words)

	A U.S. View of European Security and Defense Policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The attempt to revitalize the Western European Union in the mid-1980s met with a mixture of skepticism and disdain from the Reagan administration.
		ESDP should be as relevant for Africa and East Timor as it is for Albania and Kosovo.
		Failure to make clear that ESDP's horizon stretches beyond Europe may stimulate a dangerous American belief that it is possible for Europe and the United States to form a division of labor, with the EU being responsible for Europe and the United States for the rest of the world.
	www.brook.edu /views/articles/daalder/2001lecadpt.htm (1973 words)

	The CESD-Policy Archive
		Defense Initiative Declaration, which stated that the EU should give itself the capacity for autonomous military action and proceed to the framing of a common security and defense policy.
		At the European Council in Laeken in mid-December, the EU heads of state and government adopted the declaration on the operational capability, which declares the capability of the European Union for the conduct of some crisis-management operations.
		Regardless of the fact that counterterrorism is an essential component of security policy, a significant amount of the measures considered and approved by the EU fall in the realm of the third pillar of the European Union; i.e.
	www.bits.de /CESD-PA/NEWCESDMAIN.html (6849 words)

	ARCHIVE OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION - Subject: CFSP/CESDP
		Knutsen, Bjørn Olav (2000) The Nordic dimension in the evolving European security structure and the role of Norway.
		Rühl, Lothar (1999) Conditions and options for an autonomous "Common European Policy on Security and Defence" in and by the European Union in the post-Amsterdam perspective opened at Cologne in June 1999.
		Koliopoulos, Kostas (1995) The European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy and the 1996 Intergovernmental Conference.
	aei.pitt.edu /view/subjects/D002002.html (2696 words)

	British American Security Information Council
		In pursuit of our Common Foreign and Security Policy objectives and the progressive framing of a common defence policy, we are convinced that the Council should have the ability to take decisions on the full range of conflict prevention and crisis management tasks defined in the Treaty on European Union, the "Petersberg tasks".
		The European Council in Vienna welcomed the new impetus given to the debate on a common European policy in security and defence.
		The European Union is committed to preserve peace and strengthen international security in accordance with the principles of the UN Charter as well as the principles of the Helsinki Final Act and the objectives of the Charter of Paris, as provided for in Article 11 of the TEU.
	www.basicint.org /europe/ESDP/0699-PR_EUdefpol.htm (2028 words)

	CRS Report to Congress
		This new British engagement and the fact that NATO's air campaign in Kosovo highlighted deficiencies in European military capabilities, have led to advances on the road to a common European security and defense policy for the European Union, at least at the institutional level.
		The European pillar within NATO is known as the European Security and Defense Identity (ESDI), whereas, within the EU, member states are crafting a common European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP).
		European NATO countries not members of the EU -- Turkey, Norway, Iceland, Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic -- are associate members of the WEU and have viewed the WEU as the only mechanism that provides them with a concrete possibility of participating in formulating a European security policy.
	www.fas.org /man/crs/crseu.htm (3367 words)

	Heritage Foundation: European Security and Defense Policy Undermines NATO - Associated Content
		Citing security threats from transnational terrorism, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and unstable or failed states, Ms.
		McNamara says in the report that the ESDP has been organized to be separate from NATO in order to allow the projection of European power and to establish the European Union as a global player, which in turn would serve to counter American power.
		Additionally, central and eastern European nations fear the ESDP could prompt the United States to draw down its commitments in Europe.
	www.associatedcontent.com /article/325476/heritage_foundation_european_security.html (369 words)

	EUROPEAN SECURITY AND DEFENSE POLICY
		The development of the European Security and Defence Policy strengthens the Union's contribution to international peace and security in accordance with the principles of the UN Charter.
		It remains essential to the credibility and effectiveness of the European security and defence policy that the Union's military capabilities for crisis management be reinforced so that the Union is in a position to intervene with or without recourse to NATO assets.
		As stated in the conclusions of the Helsinki European Council, the aim in relations between the EU and NATO is to ensure effective consultation, cooperation and transparency in determining the appropriate military response to crises, and to guarantee effective crisis management.
	www.ambafrance-us.org /news/statmnts/2000/defenrep.asp (15331 words)

	DEBUNKING EUROPEAN DEFENSE MYTHS
		At the heart of the European Union’s plan is the proposal to build an autonomous military force supported by the necessary political and military apparatus.
		In short, since military interventions in regional crises perceived as threats to European stability (such as Bosnia and Kosovo) are now a priority for NATO and the EU, the Europeans need to accelerate the process of readjusting how they spend their defense money.
		The European Union and NATO need to establish formal relations and agree on terms of cooperation on the European continent if they are to assuage these suspicions.
	www.cdi.org /dm/2000/issue4/debunk.html (2188 words)

	RAND \| Monograph/Reports \| The European Security and Defense Policy: NATO's Companion - or Competitor?
		The emergence of the European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) in the last two-thirds of the 1990s and continuing into the new century, has been a complex process intertwining politics, economics, national cultures, and numerous institutions.
		This book provides an essential background for understanding how security issues as between NATO and the European Union are being posed for the early part of the 21st century, including the new circumstances following the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington on September 11, 2001.
		This study should be of interest to those interested in the evolution of U.S.-European relations, especially in, but not limited to, the security field; the development of institutional relationships; and key choices that lie ahead in regard to these critical arrangements.
	www.rand.org /pubs/monograph_reports/MR1463/index.html (427 words)

	The Future of European Security and Defense Policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The trick is to find a way of giving the Europeans enough of a feeling that they can pursue security policies of their own without at the same time forming a European defense association which would drive the Americans away.
		The most salient point of the book is that the outcome of the European security issue, like the ongoing process of political and economic union to which it is related, has yet to be decided.
		Although The Future of European Security and Defense Policy was written before this final outcome of European unity, Feld's pragmatic and logical approach provides the reader a solid understanding of the many intricacies involved in the process called European security.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/bookrev/feld.html (692 words)

	British American Security Information Council
		Europeans have sought since the European Defense Community proposal failed in the 1950s to develop a vehicle to give expression to a European concept of common defense independent from but closely coordinated with NATO.
		Americans have reacted with ambivalence, welcoming the notion that Europeans could do more in their own defense but worrying lest that effort undermine transatlantic ties and NATO, and all-important link to Europe.
		The Europeans in the European Union Treaty concluded in Maastricht have reaffirmed their goal of a "European Security and Defense Identity" (ESDI) [part of but apart from NATO], and at its Summit in April 1999 NATO and the US endorsed that goal.
	www.basicint.org /europe/ESDP/main.htm (334 words)

	InfoSurance Links Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		European Security and Defense Policy, by the EU, Brussels, Belgium
		EU Defence Policy, by the Centre for European Reform (CER), London, UK The Center for European Reform offers publications and analysis on the EU's security and defense policy, as well as news and research on EU-NATO relations, EU-UN relations, and EU capabilities and institutions.
		The project analyses the factors that determine stability and change in the existing European security system, with a special focus on the new dimensions of security-building and confidence-strengthening and their impact on the transformation of international relations in Europe.
	www.isn.ethz.ch /infosurance/index.cfm?Parent=2557 (1143 words)

	Foreign Affairs - Book Review - The European Security and Defense Policy: NATO's Companion -- or Competitor - Robert E. ...
		These two books provide useful detail on the evolution of the European Union's efforts to develop an autonomous defense and security policy.
		Hunter, a long-time European security expert and the U.S. ambassador to NATO from 1993 to 1998, is well placed to provide an American perspective.
		Heavily laden with acronyms and organizational flow charts that make for pretty dry reading, the book is nonetheless a good account of how the new EU security policy will work -- or at least how it is supposed to work.
	www.foreignaffairs.org /20020901fabook9780/robert-e-hunter/the-european-security-and-defense-policy-nato-s-companion-or-competitor.html (302 words)

	EUROPEAN SECURITY AND DEFENSE POLICY
		The development of the European Security and Defence Policy strengthens the Union's contribution to international peace and security in accordance with the principles of the UN Charter.
		It remains essential to the credibility and effectiveness of the European security and defence policy that the Union's military capabilities for crisis management be reinforced so that the Union is in a position to intervene with or without recourse to NATO assets.
		As stated in the conclusions of the Helsinki European Council, the aim in relations between the EU and NATO is to ensure effective consultation, cooperation and transparency in determining the appropriate military response to crises, and to guarantee effective crisis management.
	www.info-france-usa.org /news/statmnts/2000/defenrep.asp (15331 words)

	U.S. Ambassador to NATO Remarks on European Security (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The United States views the results of the recent European Union summit in Helsinki as "very positive, very encouraging" in clarifying the link between NATO and new approaches to security and defense in Europe, according to the U.S. Permanent Representative on the North Atlantic Council, Ambassador Alexander Vershbow.
		This conference on European Defense is extraordinarily well timed, given that it comes right after a series of historic meetings both at Helsinki (the EU Summit) last week and in Brussels (the NAC Foreign Ministers' meeting) just in the last two days.
		In fact, the litmus test for whether European defense is going to be real is ultimately going to be whether the capabilities are there on the military side to back it up.
	www.usembassy.it /file9912/alia/99122306.htm (4305 words)

	European Union - Delegation of the European Commission to the USA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		European Union - Delegation of the European Commission to the USA
		The EU is the biggest aid donor in the world, accounting for 55% of development assistance--20% of which is managed by the European Commission.
		EU Common Foreign and Security Policy High Rep. Solana: News
	www.eurunion.org /legislat/Defense/esdpweb.htm (91 words)

	Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This is the alpha and omega of all Union policies.
		The European Union is embarking on its most important, and most daunting enlargement in its history, eventually adding a dozen new members with a hundred million citizens.
		The relationship between the European Union and the United States has been a pet subject of academics, pundits, and the press for the better part of two hundred years.
	ksgnotes1.harvard.edu /degreeprog/courses.nsf/webnumber/BGP405 (2793 words)

	Geneva Centre for Security Policy - GCSP
		European Defense: CDI Resources, Washington, DC, US The Center for Defense Information offers articles and analyses on European defense.
		Moreover, the Observatory monitors the Spanish contribution to the European Union's Foreign Policy as well as to the European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) dimensions.
		Developed and maintained by the Geneva Centre for Security Policy GCSP, website designed and hosted by the Center for Security Studies, International Relations and Security Network (ISN).
	www.gcsp.ch /e/links/Course_Links/ETC/week1.htm (865 words)

	EUROPEAN AFFAIRS, a public policy journal covering relations between the United States and Europe.
		The first (and now former) head of the European Defense Agency, Witney, a British official, says the EDA seeks to convince its member defense ministries to plan together on capabilities and weapons-systems to get economies of scale.
		The EU defense ministers’ communiqué about a European Defense and Technological Industrial Base hints at a “European preference” for made-in-Europe technologies, according to a non-European participant at a European Institute roundtable.
		In his analysis, Yves Mersch, head of the Luxembourg Central Bank, and a member of the Governing Council at the European Central Bank, argues that the eurozone is increasingly able to sustain its own economic resiliency despite a downturn in the U.S. economy.
	www.europeanaffairs.org (1278 words)

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