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	European Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Supporters of the European Union argue that the growth of the EU is a force for peace and democracy.
		The European Communities are one of the three pillars of the European Union, being both the most important pillar and the only one to operate primarily through supranational institutions.
		The European Council published estimations on 17 November 2005 that the economy of the European Union will have grown approximately 1.5% in 2005 (1.3% in the eurozone), and 2.3% 2006 (2.1% in the eurozone) surpassing earlier growth predictions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/EU (6016 words)

	South-Western: European Monetary Union
		Euro banknotes and coins began to circulate on January 1, 2002 and completely replaced national currencies by July 1, 2002 (existing national currencies ceased to be legal tender in the participating countries on or before this date).
		One of the shortcomings of the European Monetary Union is that three members of the European Union (Britain, Denmark, and Sweden) have chosen to not participate in the European Monetary Union.
		One of the major issues facing the European Union is the process of "Enlargement." As of 4/10/03, 13 additional countries (10 former Soviet bloc economies and Malta, Cyprus, and Turkey) have applied for membership in the EU.
	www.swlearning.com /economics/policy_debates/monetary_union.html (1625 words)

	European Union - STRUCTURE, NOTABLE PROGRAMS, LANGUAGES, RECENT EVENTS, THE EURO
		The Treaty of European Union also created a central banking system for EU members, established the mechanisms and timetable for the adoption of the Euro as the common currency among members, and further strengthened the EU's ability to influence the public and foreign policies of its members.
		The European Convention begins, as part of the debate on the future of Europe, to propose a new framework and structures for the European Union--geared to changes in the world situation, the needs of the citizens of Europe and the future development of the European Union.
		On October 9, the European Commission recommends that candidate countries Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia be the first to join the EU under the latest enlargement process, possibly in time for the elections to the European Parliament scheduled for June 2004.
	www.referenceforbusiness.com /management/Em-Exp/European-Union.html (4005 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/European Union
		The Union was established under that name by the Treaty on European Union (commonly known as the Maastricht Treaty) in 1992.
		The law ratifying Romania's Accession Treaty to the European Union was passed on 30 April 2005, at Victoria Palace, the headquarters of the Romanian Government.
		The term European Community (or Communities) was used for the group of members prior to the establishment of the European Union.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/European_Union (4478 words)

	WWW Virtual Library: International Affairs Resources--European Union
		European Documentation Centre-- At the University of Mannheim, part of a network set up by the European Commission to offer "access to official documents and publications of the EU institutions in printed or electronic version." Much information about the EU and many of its full-text electronic documents are accessible on or through this site.
		European Anti-Poverty Network-- "An independent coalition of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and groups involved in the fight against poverty and social exclusion in the Member States of the European Union," supported by the European Commission.
		European Union Legal Research-- From the Harvard Law School Library, a thorough guide to research on all aspects of EU law, through all the relevant media.
	www2.etown.edu /vl/eurunion.html (2164 words)

	Introduction to the European Union - Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It is a customs union, which is an agreement amongst a group of countries to eliminate trade barriers between them on the movement of goods, services, labour and capital, and also to establish a common external tariff on goods and services coming into the union.
		The EU evolved from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), which was formed in 1951 as a response to the First and Second World Wars to try to ensure future peace in Europe.
		The European Parliament is directly elected by citizens of the EU who are represented by Members of the European Parliament (MEPs).
	www.bized.ac.uk /learn/economics/international/eu/notes/eu1.htm (834 words)

	European Union's budding euro starts strong against U.S. dollar
		With the euro trading above expectations, European officials were delighted at the successful launch of their ambitious economic and monetary union, tightly linking 11 nations and their 292 million residents.
		The euro was launched Jan. 1, a day after conversion rates against the 11 participating currencies were fixed.
		While euro coins and bank notes will not be in consumers' pockets until 2002, the currency can be bought and sold electronically around the world.
	www.th-record.com /1999/02/5/eurous.htm (327 words)

	WELCOME TO THE ITALIAN CULTURAL INSTITUTE OF LOS ANGELES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		January 1, 2002 will be remembered as the date that the Euro became the official currency of most of the member countries of the European Union.
		With the Treaty on European Union (Maastricht,1992, effective November 1, 1993) the European Union was created.
		The designs for the “European” side were selected through a competition organized by the European Commission and approved by the ministers of the member states.
	www.italcultusa.org /DCeueuro.html (945 words)

	Enlargement and the euro \| European Union Enlargement
		In accordance with the provisions of the Maastricht Treaty, all new members of the EU are eligible to join the European single currency, the euro.
		The European Council of Nice (December 2000) recommended that the candidates adopt such monetary policies which best suit their own economic conditions and are consistent with their other policies.
		Centre for European Reform: The Lisbon Scorecard III: the status of economic reform in the enlarging EU (March 2003)
	www.euractiv.com /en/enlargement/enlargement-euro/article-129586 (1255 words)

	News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The European Union Center at U-M's International Institute is the recipient of a European Commission grant establishing it as a European Union Center of Excellence.
		The European Union Center of Excellence at the University of Michigan (EUC-MI) is a multi-disciplinary research, education, and outreach program that improves the understanding of modern, integrated Europe at U-M, Southeastern Michigan, the Midwest, and in the United States.
		The Presidency of the Council of the European Union is rotated amongst the EU member states and changes every six months.
	www.umich.edu /~iinet/euc/home.html (456 words)

	European Commission Spokesman's Briefing for 02-01-14
		Michel Barnier, Commissioner responsible for regional policy, has announced the approval by the European Commission of a programme for urban regeneration in the city of San Cristóbal de la Laguna in the Canary Isles (Spain).
		Michel Barnier, Commissioner responsible for regional policy, has announced the approval by the European Commission of a programme for urban regeneration in the city of San Sebastian-Pasajes in the País Vasco (Spain).
		The European Commission approved the programme for the EU Initiative Leader+ in Bavaria (Germany).
	www.hri.org /news/europe/midex/2002/02-01-14.midex.html (2094 words)

	Euro Conversion FAQ for I.T. systems, euro currency, euro archive
		Euro Workshop: our course outline We provide consultancy on how to efficiently and accurately convert business and information systems to the euro.
		Therefore conversions between national currencies in the euro are not like normal exchange rates with variable rates; they are simply a different measurement of the same underlying entity, just like pounds and kilogrammes are different scales of measurement of weight.
		The famous "triangulation" rule is that to convert from one participating currency to another, you must convert via the euro and round the euro amount to not less than three decimal places.
	www.sysmod.com /eurofaq.htm (3064 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Business \| Euro cash switch hailed a success
		The European Commission says that the introduction of new euro notes and coins has gone smoothly during the first day of their becoming legal tender in more than a dozen European countries.
		Elsewhere the political implications of the euro, the European Union's most ambitious integrationist policy, were being mulled by those changing their cash.
		On Monday, the euro strengthened in international currency markets, reaching a two-year high against the yen and rising nearly 1% against the dollar although it remains 25% lower than three years ago.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/business/1736938.stm (588 words)

	Enlargement and the euro \| European Union Economy & Euro
		All future members of the European Union will be eligible to join the European single currency, the euro, in accordance with the provisions of the Maastricht Treaty.
		Monetary union has stringent requirements for accession, and the economic and financial weight of the candidate countries relative to that of the euro-zone is fairly small, says a WRR study, entitled "Long-run Economic Aspects of the European Union's Eastern Enlargement".
		On purely economic grounds the euro should thus become stronger when the euro area is enlarged with a number of high growth countries with strong public finances.
	www.euractiv.com /en/euro/enlargement-euro/article-111471 (2423 words)

	WELCOME TO THE ITALIAN CULTURAL INSTITUTE OF LOS ANGELES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The process of European integration was launched May 9, 1950 when France officially proposed to create “the first concrete foundation of a European federation.” Six countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands) joined from the very beginning.
		The Treaty created the European Union, a concept encompassing the European Communities (which had also been amended to the term “European Community” on the same occasion), as well as other forms of cooperation.
		The Europa server is the European Union's official server.
	www.italcultusa.org /DCeuunion.html (655 words)

	European Union
		Council of the European Union - Council of the European Union, branch of the governing body of the European Union (EU) that has the...
		How the new European Union Constitution will allocate power between the EU and its member states - a textual analysis.
		The European Council and the Council of the European Union: shapers of a European Confederation.(Federalism and the European Union)...
	www.infoplease.com /id/A0817906 (326 words)

	Church of God World Missions
		There are currently 25 countries on the European continent (including former Soviet bloc countries) which are currently members of the European Union and have the (€) euro as their national currency.
		There are also 14 African nations that have linked their currency to the European Union euro, which means that their currency becomes more valuable against the US dollar as the (€) euro gains strength against the dollar.
		Church of God European missionaries, like Dennis and Vanna Tanner (Urban Ministries Coordinators for Benelux, W. Europe) were required to raise their budgets before leaving for Belgium in 2002.
	www.cogwm.org /missions_articles/tanner.cfm (670 words)

	eBay - european union ..., Historical Memorabilia, Nonfiction Books items on eBay.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		THE EUROPEAN UNION AND MIGRANT LABOUR Dale and Cole HB
		European Union Flag - - - - 3 by 5 ft - - - - EU FLAG
		European Union and the Nordic Countries EU Politics
	search-desc.ebay.com /search/search.dll?query=european+union+...&krd=1 (501 words)

	European Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The conservatives, who replaced the socialists after 13 years of rule, have lost no time in insisting that they, too, want Spain to meet the criteria needed to participate in the European Union's Euro currency from the outset.
		At present Spain fulfils none of the five convergence criteria, although the peseta is currently trading comfortably within 2.25 percent of its central parity against the mark in the European exchange rate mechanism.
		The comments suggested that the fledgling government was eager to show its commitment to the European cause and smoothe over embarrasing comments last month from the foreign minister.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/N_Prag/ra25stor.htm (452 words)

	European Union - Delegation of the European Commission to the USA
		European Union - Delegation of the European Commission to the USA
		Sixty percent of all RandD conducted by US companies outside the US is done in Europe; European RandD activities in the US dwarf those undertaken by Asian companies (including Japan).
		European Union - Delegation of the European Commission to the United States
	www.eurunion.org (174 words)

	ECB: Challenges for central banks in an enlarged European Union and euro area
		Even though new EU Member States will not adopt the euro for a few years, the development of their market infrastructure is nonetheless an urgent challenge.
		This is the main motivation for the ECB's activities to promote further financial integration in the euro area, but also in the EU and the acceding countries.
		EU and euro area enlargement has to be well managed by timely preparation by the central banks concerned.
	www.ecb.int /press/key/date/2004/html/sp040220_1.en.html (1665 words)

	Economic and Financial Affairs - The euro, our currency
		The euro is the currency of twelve European Union countries, stretching from the Mediterranean to the Arctic Circle (namely Belgium, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal and Finland).
		Euro banknotes and coins have been in circulation since 1 January 2002 and are now a part of daily life for over 300 million Europeans living in the euro area.
		The use of the euro in the world
	ec.europa.eu /economy_finance/euro/our_currency_en.htm (114 words)

	World Press Review - Euro - European Union - forgery
		Europe's countdown to a single currency has hit a new snag with the first big theft of euros in the Netherlands, just six weeks before billions of new banknotes and coins go into circulation.
		The good news is that most Europeans at least are aware that the euro is coming: A European Commission poll published on Monday found only 6 percent of eurozone citizens do not know the exact date when the new banknotes and coins come into use.
		Opinion polls suggest that most Italians are pleased about the birth of the euro, though a parliamentary report published yesterday showed that many were still bewildered by it, and that about half the country would have difficulty giving the conversion rate: one euro to 1,936.27 lire.
	www.worldpress.org /specials/euro/1119web_guardian.htm (424 words)

	European Union endorses Euro security force (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		SINTRA, Portugal (AP) - European Union defense ministers on Monday endorsed a timetable for creating a security force that will enable Europeans to defuse crises beyond their borders without American troops.
		The main aim of the rapid reaction force is to allow Washington to stay out of European conflict and to let the Europeans take on a greater role for policing their own continent.
		The impetus was successive Balkan crises, in which the Europeans left it to Washington to take the lead to bring peace and stability to the EU’s volatile southeastern doorstep.
	www.unb.ca /web/bruns/9900/issue21/intnews/euroforce.html (323 words)

	European Ombudsman How to Complain
		The European Ombudsman investigates complaints about maladministration by institutions and bodies of the European Union.
		The Committee of the Regions of the European Union
		Write to the Ombudsman in any of the Treaty languages, setting out clearly who you are, which institution or body of the European Union you are complaining against and the grounds for your complaint.
	www.euro-ombudsman.eu.int /media/en (400 words)

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