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Topic: European birds

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	European Starling
		The number of starlings and other birds is estimated by counting the number of birds that enter the trough for ½ hour intervals several times during the day.
		Birds can be excluded from nesting inside or behind signs by sealing the edges of the sign with hardware cloth and silicon caulk or with plastic bird netting.
		The birds, their eggs, and nests may be removed by any method except by poison, steel traps, or with guns and lights at night.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /UW118 (3046 words)

	[No title]
		OSLO, Dec 19 (Reuters) - Some European birds have failed to fly south for the winter, apparently lured to stay by weeks of mild weather that experts widely link to global warming.
		Birds including robins, thrushes and ducks that would normally fly south from Scandinavia, for instance, have been seen in December -- long after snow usually drives them south.
		Birds cutting down on migration save vast amounts of energy on dangerous flights -- such as from the Arctic to Africa and back -- and can have the pick of northern breeding sites in spring.
	www.alertnet.org /thenews/newsdesk/L19258404.htm (610 words)

	ON THE BREEDING DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF EUROPEAN MIGRANT BIRDS: MACARTHUR'S THEME REEXAMINED
		It is a common feature among temperate bird communities to contain in winter a variable fraction of non-resident birds that come in to overwinter there, and this fact was not considered at all when constructing Fig.
		To explain the European pattern of PPM, I suggest that the percentage of migrants in a community during the breeding season depends on both the harshness of adverse winter conditions faced by the resident populations and on the total resource availability during the breeding period.
		European breeding bird com- munities, as those in North America, are composed of a variable fraction of species (hereafter named "migrants") that migrate south in the autumn to spend the winter in the African tropics south of the Sahara Desert (Moreau 1952).
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Auk/v095n03/p0496-p0509.html (7587 words)

	European Robin - Erithacus rubecula - Rougegorge familier
		European Robin is easily identified by its reddish-orange face and breast, contrasting with whitish lower underparts.
		They are aggressive birds, and fights between males can be extremely vicious, and may even to be to the death.
		European Robin nests in various places, such as ledges inside porches and sheds, also in nest boxes, and even in cans, pots and any place where it may build its nest.
	www.oiseaux.net /oiseaux/passeriformes/european.robin.html (998 words)

	Dramatic decline of European farm birds predicted
		With just over 100 days to go until 10 new countries join the European Union, BirdLife is calling on the European Commission and Member States of EU and accession countries to urgently put the environment and wildlife at the heart of farming policy.
		Around 150 species of European birds are reliant on sustainable farming for their future survival.
		Birds at most immediate risk are those particularly vulnerable to intensive agriculture, such as the Corncrake, Red-backed Shrike and Great Bustard — birds which have been lost as regular breeding birds from much of northwest Europe and which will be threatened as agricultural development spreads.
	www.birdlife.org /news/news/2004/01/farm_birds.html (410 words)

	The Cape and Islands NPR Station - Bird News
		The growing dominance of introduced bird species and attendant problems caused by them is seen in the increase in population sizes of such birds as rock doves, house finches, house sparrows, and European starlings.
		Many exotic bird species were first introduced in the mid-to-late nineteenth century by European immigrants intending to improve their new surroundings with familiar European birds.
		Today, European Starlings range from Alaska to Florida and northern Mexico, and their population is estimated at over 200 million birds.
	www.wgbh.org /cainan/article?item_id=2648631 (623 words)

	Nest-Box Competitors — Birdhouse Network
		Nevertheless, you must first be certain that the birds residing in the nest box are definitely starlings or House Sparrows.
		These sprightly birds are very territorial and may use the same tactics as House Sparrows to evict nesting pairs from their nests.
		Because this happens after the birds are finished breeding, most nest box monitors do not evict mice, but allow them to nest in their boxes throughout the winter.
	www.birds.cornell.edu /birdhouse/resources/comp (807 words)

	Announcements and Calls for Papers: Birds of European Cities
		Birds of European Cities is the first book to describe any aspect of the natural history of man-made habitats across Europe or any other continent.
		Each chapter describes the historical development of the city, the birdlife that has been recorded in it from the beginning of the 20th Century, and the birds found in each of the major habitats and a section on where to watch birds.
		For example, there is only one truly urban bird — the Feral Pigeon, which has evolved from the adaptation of and considerable genetic changes in the Rock Dove to become the only bird whose occurrence is restricted to urban areas.
	www.is4ie.org /announcements/archives/000082.html (330 words)

	European Starlings - Birds of Value (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The nonnative status of European starlings in America causes many people to despise them and to feel that they should be eliminated.
		European starlings are often dubbed as "pests" and are hated for several reasons.
		And like ALL species, European starlings are fascinating creatures who have a purpose and can teach us much, regardless of their native origin.
	www.starlingcentral.net /value.htm (553 words)

	The Birds Directive: Progress and Prospects - the Facts — EEA
		We are fascinated by the variety, shapes, colours, songs and fast movements of birds from an early age, learning to recognise several different species by the age of 1 or 2 and in many cases maintaining a fascination for birds and a concern for their well-being throughout our lives.
		However bird indicators are essentially state indicators and should be used in conjunction with other indicators to assess the reasons for favourable and unfavourable trends and to decide on the actions required to improve the status of birds, halt biodiversity loss and improve the general environment.
		I have selected three of the birds chosen for the 25th anniversary celebrations to highlight the pressures and the scope for action, particularly for migratory and/or farmland birds which we see are most under threat.
	www.eea.europa.eu /pressroom/speeches/08-11-2004 (3400 words)

	Page not found
		The 'Health Check' of Europe's farm policies is too limited to improve the fortunes of farmland wildlife or rural communities, campaigners are warning in the first green rating of the new proposals.
		Bird detection radar is being installed at a new World Cup airport to help save five million swallows threatened by airport expansion.
		The breeding grounds for some of the UK's rarest birds have narrowly escaped the storm surge that swept down the coast of East Anglia last night and this morning.
	www.rspb.org.uk /policy/sites/international/birdsdirectivereport.asp?view=print (271 words)

	Defra, UK - Flood Management - Coastal Squeeze: Requirements of the European Birds & Habitats Directives, Policy ...
		Operating Authorities, particularly the Environment Agency, sought our guidance on the appraisal and assessment of their plans and projects in areas where there is an ongoing loss of habitat in European sites due to a combination of flood risk management and sea level rise.
		Taking account, for example, of an analysis of wave reflection, wider hydro-geomorphological effects and any other relevant factors, all of which are likely to be difficult to distinguish from the impacts of sea level rise.
		Regulation 3(4) requires competent authorities, without prejudice to regulation 3(3) in the exercise of any of their functions, to have regard to the requirements of the Habitats Directive so far as they may be affected by the exercise of those functions.
	www.defra.gov.uk /environ/fcd/policy/csqueeze.htm (2560 words)

	Diet of The Wild European Starling
		Few birds are more voracious than young starlings, and it requires the most strenuous efforts of the naturally active parents to supply the constant needs of their offspring.
		They are birds with a bad reputation, but an SFU researcher studying the reproductivity of starlings on a Langley dairy farm may be proving that wrong.
		Biology graduate student Oliver Love, who set up 250 bird boxes on the sprawling 200-acre farm earlier this year, is using the site's abundant starling population to investigate the role of a hormone known as corticosterone in bird reproduction.
	www.starlingtalk.com /wildstarlingdiet.htm (1223 words)

	Ornithology Paper
		The growing dominance of introduced bird species is seen in the increase in population sizes of such birds as rock doves, house finches, house sparrows, and European starlings (Gill 1995).
		Living in large flocks, starlings have become one of the most abundant and widespread birds in America (Stokes and Stokes 1989); starling populations are found from the east to the coast and from Alaska to southern Mexico (Kerpez and Smith 1990).
		A major contributor to the depletion and extinction of native bird species, possibly second only to habitat loss, is the introduction of non-native birds, such as the European starling and the House Sparrow.
	www.sewanee.edu /biology/courses/Bio201/Introduced.html (1181 words)

	Planet Ark - Some European Birds Delay Migration Due to Warmth (Site not responding. Last check: )
		OSLO - Some European birds have failed to fly south for the winter, apparently lured to stay by weeks of mild weather that experts widely link to global warming.
		Birds including robins, thrushes and ducks that would normally fly south from Scandinavia, for instance, have been seen in December -- long after snow usually drives them south.
		Birds cutting down on migration save vast amounts of energy on dangerous flights -- such as from the Arctic to Africa and back -- and can have the pick of northern breeding sites in spring.
	www.planetark.org /avantgo/dailynewsstory.cfm?newsid=39563 (491 words)

	Defra, UK - Wildlife and Countryside - European Union Birds and Habitats Directives
		Natura 2000 is the European Union-wide network of protected areas, recognised as ‘sites of Community importance’ under the EC Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora) - The EC Habitats Directive (on Europa website).
		LIFE/Nature must contribute to the implementation of the EC Wild Birds Directive and the EC Habitats Directive and in particular to the establishment of the European network of protected areas, Natura 2000.
		Following the judgment of the European Court of Justice in the Lappel Bank case, it is clear that Member States may only take account of scientific matters in selecting SPAs under the Wild Birds Directive and identifying their boundaries.
	www.defra.gov.uk /wildlife-countryside/ewd/ewd09.htm (2927 words)

	LiveScience.com - Global Warming Alters Departure Times for Migrating Birds
		Migratory birds are adapting to changes brought on by global warming by laying eggs earlier and moving up dates for their migratory departures.
		European birds that must wing longer distances to get to warmer winter homes set off earlier than birds making shorter trips.
		For example, birds wintering south of Africa's Sahara desert begin migrating back to their southern Europe and Mediterranean breeding grounds earlier than birds returning to Scandinavia from temperate Europe.
	www.livescience.com /animalworld/060629_bird_flights.html (306 words)

	Aviaries
		European Goldfinches need to be with birds similar to them from similar environments.
		European Goldfinches are shy but curious by nature which could be a problem for other society finches building nests or zebra finches sleeping in nests.
		European Goldfinches make good pets to enjoy in a cage by themselves or two in a large enough cage.
	homepage.mac.com /plowlane/general/Personal243.html (308 words)

	European Habitats and Birds Directives: protected species - Environmental Data Compendium
		Under the Birds Directive, such areas have been selected for 42 of the bird species listed in Annex I. Other areas have been selected which regularly provide habitats for at least 1% of the biogeographical population of one or more migratory species of waterfowl.
		The aim of the European Birds and Habitats Directives is to ensure the preservation of wild flora and fauna and the maintenance or improvement of their ecosystems and habitats.
		The member states of the European Union are obliged to incorporate the species protection provisions of these directives in national legislation.
	www.mnp.nl /mnc/i-en-1328.html (610 words)

	Northern Italian Bird Breeders
		There were also many songbirds in those aviaries and their songs blended harmoniously with the European birds singing in the outside gardens and wooded areas.
		While the seed eating birds are fed a mixture of dry seed containing canary, hemp and niger seed (niger and hemp seed are not sterilized in Italy, which is advantageous for the Italian breeders), plus various millet seeds, etc.
		However, the breathtaking view of the birds acted as a pain killer for me. I kept shooting pictures and video, but to my disappointment at the end of my trip all of the outdoor pictures turned out to be of very poor quality due to the high humidity and the fogging of my camera lens.
	www.abbaseed.com /INFO/Northern_Italian_Bird_Breeders/northern_italian_bird_breeders.html (2543 words)

	SCADPlus: Conservation of wild birds
		Directive 1979 and its amending acts aim at providing long-term protection and conservation of all bird species naturally living in the wild within the European territory of the Member States (except Greenland).
		Special measures for the protection of habitats are adopted for certain bird species identified by the Directives (Annex I) and migratory species.
		The European Union is seeking to ensure biodiversity by conserving natural habitats and wild fauna and flora in the territory of the Member States.
	europa.eu /scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l28046.htm (710 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Farming 'killing Europe's birds'
		The study on the population trends of wild birds, by the RSPB, BirdLife and the European Bird Census Council, is known as the farmland bird indicator.
		BirdLife members are urging the European Commission and governments of both member and accession states to put the environment and wildlife at the heart of farming policy.
		It says: "Birds at most immediate risk are those particularly vulnerable to intensive agriculture, such as the corncrake, the red-backed shrike and the great bustard.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/3403505.stm (513 words)

	Birds: The European Kingfisher
		They believed that the bird built a floating nest, and whenever the old bird and her charge were drifted by the winds, as they floated over the briny deep, the sea remained calm.
		For instance, the nest is said to be made of the fish bones ejected by the bird, while the real facts are, that they not only nest but roost in holes, and it must follow that vast quantities of rejected fish bones accumulate, and on these the eggs are of necessity laid.
		There is, perhaps, not a bird in all the ranks of the feathered gems of equatorial regions, be it ever so fair, the Humming-bird excepted, that can boast a garb so lovely as this little creature of the northland.
	www.birdnature.com /nov1897/kingfisher.html (474 words)

	European Goldfinch in the Midwest
		European Goldfinch and Eurasian birds in the Midwest
		There were reports of Eurasian birds from the area prior to that time, probably ones that escaped from the poorly-maintained quarantine station.
		Birds not in the Upper Midwest may be examples of other escapes and releases.
	www.umd.umich.edu /dept/rouge_river/eugo.html (1204 words)

	European Starling Center
		European Starling are fl birds, very common-frequently seen in large flocks.
		The European Starling is somewhat similar to flbirds, cowbirds and grackles but has a shorter tail, chunkier body, white spots on the head and body (most evident in fall), and a yellow bill (not evident in the fall
		If you intend to release a bird after rescue and rehab, you must keep the handling and human interaction at a minimum.
	www.mynahbird.com /starling/starling.html (321 words)

	All About Birds: European Starling
		Its successful spread is believed to have come at the expense of many native birds that compete with the starling for nest holes.
		It is believed to be responsible for a decline in native cavity-nesting bird populations, but a study in 2003 found few actual effects on populations of 27 native species.
		A female European Starling may try to lay an egg in the nest of another female.
	www.birds.cornell.edu /AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/European_Starling.html (489 words)

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