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Topic: European culture

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	EUROPA - Culture - European Commission - Culture - Portal - homepage
		The European Culture Portal provides information on these policies and directs you to specialised sites where you can find more detailed information, such as the Culture site, which specialises in aid for cultural cooperation in Europe.
		Intercultural Dialogue conference and exhibition the 22-23 of November 2006 - Headquarters of The Committee of the Regions - Brussels
		The European Community ratified the UNESCO Convention on cultural diversity
	ec.europa.eu /culture/portal/index_en.htm (183 words)

	Introduction
		In the least friendly assessments of the European Middle Ages, the period is a kind of holding pattern, a temporary bathroom break on the way to the revival of classical culture in the fourteenth century.
		European history until the 1300's or 1400's is largely characterized by two main historical tendencies: contant disruption of populations and migration, and multiculturalism.
		The technology which began the standardizattion of the disparate European cultures was Christianity; the myth that would cement this standard identity was a myth of common origin in the cultures of Greece and Rome (and mythical classical cultures such as Troy).
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/MA/INTRO.HTM (1568 words)

	EUROPA - Culture - European Commission - Culture - homepage
		Since its inclusion in the Treaty on the European Union, cultural cooperation has become a new community competency.
		The Culture site is aimed mainly at European cultural operators who want to set up cooperation projects with other European partners.
		Information on the numerous other EU policies for the promotion of culture is available on the European Culture Portal.
	ec.europa.eu /culture/eac/index_en.html (135 words)

	Culture of White Supremacy
		The rules of a culture are shared by the group, not invented by the individual; the rules of the group which are passed on from one generation to the form the core of the culture...
		White culture creates white bonding, that is, the cross class allegiance and sense of commonality that non—ruling class oppressed white men and women have with the white ruling class, on the basis of “white skin” and European ancestry.
		Each subsequent generation of European immigrants has gained acceptance into the white mainstream when they have begun to act in accordance with white bonding, and the majority of their organized ethnic sector have consented, by silence or action, to the oppression of peoples of color.
	www.prisonactivist.org /cws/cws-culture.html (5339 words)

	Raymond Williams, Keywords
		Culture in all its early uses was a noun of process: the tending of something, basically crops or animals.
		It is then necessary, he argued, in a decisive innovation, to speak of 'cultures in the plural: the specific and variable cultures of different nations and periods, but also the specific and variable cultures of social and economic groups within a nation.
		It is interesting that the steadily extending social and anthropological use of culture and cultural and such formations as sub-culture (the culture of a distinguishable smaller group) has, except in certain areas (notably popular entertainment), either bypassed or effectively diminished the hostility and its associated unease and embarrassment.
	pubpages.unh.edu /~dml3/880williams.htm (2775 words)

	Leon Krier: "European Culture in the 21st Century"
		To consider "European Culture in the 21st century" as a singular subject denies implicitly its necessarily and inherently plural nature.
		The goals of European education policies, which are still essentially concerned with intellectual and scientific education in the service of an all-embracing industrial utopia, need to be revised, albeit partially.
		The quality of the great European villages, cities and landscapes, their original construction, their multiplication and maintenance, the transformation of dull 20th century suburbs and abandoned industries into attractive cities, are and will be dependent on the development and promotion of manual crafts and dexterity at the European level.
	zakuski.utsa.edu /krier/european.html (1144 words)

	Catholic Culture : Document Library : The European Revolution
		The Baroque culture of Spain and Austria was that of a society of princes and nobles and peasants and priests which found its center in palaces and monasteries—even in palace-monasteries such as the Escorial— and left a comparatively small place to the tradesman and the manufacturer.
		The Puritan culture of Holland and England, on the other hand, was the culture of a society of tradesmen, yeomen and artisans whose life centered in the meeting house, the counting house, the farm and the workshop.
		It is a mistake to suppose that European culture was secularized in the sixteenth century as a result of the Renaissance or the Reformation.
	www.catholicculture.org /docs/doc_view.cfm?recnum=143 (3730 words)

	The American University of Paris \| European & Mediterranean Cultures \| Major (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The social and cultural histories of nations and cities are explored, to seek out the specific local development of intellectual, artistic, religious and economic life, and to comprehend the links and transfer of ideas and influences between the areas and sites which are surveyed.
		Introduces central elements of European culture by means of a study of ancient religion and of ancient and modern myth.
		European Urban Culture: Rome from the Renaissance to the Counter-Reformation
	www.aup.fr /main/academics/departments/emc/major.htm (829 words)

	MA in European Culture, UCL
		It encourages students to combine the study of topics in cultural studies, literature, and film, with cultural, social and historical theory, and with optional courses on novels, plays, poetry, cinema, the history of art, and cultural history.
		The MA in Modern Dutch Studies is a flexible programme combining in-depth study of the contemporary society and culture of the Low Countries with language training and a range of specialisations in translation, modern literature or social, cultural and political topics.
		This degree is particularly designed for those who want to concentrate on a broad range of approaches to history and literature, and who wish to gain the widest possible education in European culture, from early-modern society to the great dictators, and from medieval texts to modernist ones.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /ces/programmes/culture.htm (1525 words)

	European Culture
		The problem is that, at least in Germany, as far as I can see, the high culture still persists with its need to have a "profile" different from from low culture, so it must be difficult to understand, and that often causes boredom.
		The survival of culture depends on clearer and clearer writing which cannot be learned from Derrida or Foucault.
		Culture in this country is not that separated from low culture, culture that people could relate to.
	www.texaschapbookpress.com /europeanculture.htm (505 words)

	Problems of Traditional Culture and Folklore in Europe
		A culture can be regarded as having three levels: the first is the lifestyle (food, clothing, customs, etc.); the second is a common historical memory, language, shared victories and defeats, and the third level is formed of aesthetic, intellectual, religious, and spiritual values.
		In cultural evolution, the biological paradigm is superseded by psychological, linguistic, and sociological paradigms and finally by rational reflection.
		In most countries traditional culture is taught in schools, and in several countries, in special institutions like high schools of folk culture, institutes for music and dance, etc. University teaching and research in traditional culture is organized by nearly all the countries.
	www.folklife.si.edu /resources/Unesco/kirkinen.htm (5524 words)

	The French
		The area within the boundaries of France had one of the most dynamic histories of diversity in the European Middle Ages, occupied as it was at first by native Europeans, then the Celts, then the Romans, then the Germans, and, in the last wave of migration, and influx of Scandinavians.
		The amazing thing about this history is the culture that the French forged from all these materials, eventually, with England, becoming the central culture in the larger process of the invention of Europe.
		Court culture of the Middle Ages sought to legitimize the social hierarchy that placed a political, warrior aristocracy over what were essentially slave laborers; most of the literature and culture of the Middle Ages was in the service of developing the ideals of this aristocratic class.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/MA/FRENCH.HTM (6065 words)

	Guatemala Culture Page
		Ladino culture is dominant in urban areas, and is heavily influenced by European and North American trends.
		The two cultures have made Guatemala a complex society that is deeply divided between rich and poor.
		In urban areas, the ladino culture is a mixture of indigenous and Spanish traditions.
	www.geocities.com /blancaveliz/GuatCulture.htm (2943 words)

	Indo-European Culture
		In European folk beliefs, she still moves within pregnant women in the shape of a wandering uterus or a toad.
		This is certainly not at variance with the majority opinion among Southeast European archaelogists who seek the earliest appearance of Indo-European speakers in the discontinuity that follows the Late Neolithic/Eneolithic cultures of the region.
		The Balkan-Danubian complex has been proposed as a convenient label for all of these cultures, and it does provide a basis after which continuity is the dominant theme of the archaeological record." (Mallory JP (1989) In Search of the Indo Europeans.
	www.humanevolution.net /a/indo-european.html (5410 words)

	Anti-Semitism: Integral to European Culture - Manfred Gerstenfeld
		The resurgence of European anti-Semitism after the Holocaust suggests that it is integral to European culture.
		New European anti-Semitism often originates from youth, which indicates that rather than an anti-Semitism of the past it is one of the future.
		That many Europeans condemn, dislike or are indifferent to anti-Semitism does not contradict its role in European culture, as statements of European politicians, the media and leading intellectuals prove.
	www.jcpa.org /phas/phas-19.htm (7269 words)

	Bringing European Culture to Ramallah \| Culture & Lifestyle \| Deutsche Welle \| 19.06.2004
		Officials from Germany's cultural institute, the Goethe Institute, which partners in the Ramallah project, believe that because of the last century of German history, the country is particularly well-qualified to be a moderator between European and Palestinian culture.
		Along with the Goethe Institute, the French cultural organization Centre Culturel Francais is helping to open the center, which is funded by the European Union and the French-German television station Arte.
		Both sides are making it clear that their function is not only to transmit their national cultures, but also "European culture" -- a problematic task, because Europe is full of various cultures, languages, and political points of view.
	www.dw-world.de /popups/popup_printcontent/0,,1240859,00.html (446 words)

	African People and Culture
		The vast continent of Africa is so rich and diverse in it's culture with it not only changing from one country to another but within an individual country many different cultures can be found.
		The Westernized minority, influenced by European culture and Christianity, first rejected African traditional culture, but with the rise of African nationalism, a cultural revival occurred.
		Europeans first settled in Africa in the mid-17th century near the Cape of Good Hope, at the southern end of the continent.
	www.africaguide.com /culture/index.htm (292 words)

	European Culture Cooperation
		In October 2004 the representatives from six national cultural organisations from the Czech Republic, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia signed a Joint Declaration, with which they are obligated to support international cultural co-operation in the area of amateur, voluntary and socio-cultural activities within the framework of the European Union and neighbour countries.
		As the most suitable term that comprises all areas of activity of the participating countries, from culture to social life, upbringing and education, protection and promotion of material and non-material cultural heritage, inclusion of marginal social groups etc., the term socio-cultural activities should be used.
		Cultural groups from various fields are going to participate: from music to theatre, dance, visual arts, to photographers and filmmakers.
	www.european-culture-coop.net /events/intro_conference_portoroz_05.htm (944 words)

	CONTEXT: Issue No. 18: Commentaries: A Culture of Lies
		The Eastern European intellectual had a choice: to embrace what was referred to as official culture, or to descend into the intellectual “underground.” He could emigrate too, but that wasn’t easy.
		Culture now functions as a negotiator, diplomatic mediator, as a bridge between peoples, because it knows no borders, because it reconciles and expands, because it honors difference and divergence, identity and regional specifics.
		Culture is like some sort of spiritual Euro, the ideological adhesive of the European countries.
	www.centerforbookculture.org /context/no18/ugresic.html (2601 words)

	European Cultural Foundation
		Artists and cultural experts debate on 'trans-nationalism' inspired by the first ever Roma Pavilion and Armenian Exhibition at this year’s Venice Biennale, supported by the ECF
		Follow Us We believe that cultural diversity is a resource.
		And we aim to support a political culture in Europe that is built on mutual respect for diversity.
	www.eurocult.org (218 words)

	Islamset - The impact of the Arab Culture on European Renaissance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		One might say that, in general, the Arab-Islamic culture was at the center between ancient sciences and cultures and the European Renaissance.
		While Europe was buried in the darkness of the Middle Ages, the Islamic -civilization (the cradle of the Arab-Islamic culture) was at its apogee.
		European Renaissance thinkers and, scholars owed their advent, genius and progress to the giants of the Islamic world(20).
	www.islamset.com /islam/culture/impact_of.html (870 words)

	European Thought and Culture in the 20th Century
		With this sequel to his recent series on European Thought and Culture in the 19th Century, Professor Lloyd Kramer introduces the major intellectual themes and debates that decisively shaped 20th-century European culture and which still define our world today.
		They are traits essential to these lectures, which range over an amazingly wide array of thinkers and writers, the key historical circumstances and challenges they faced, and the fascinating and subtle ways in which their works relate to one another and to the larger story of modern European culture.
		Twentieth-century intellectual and cultural history, Professor Kramer suggests, is an installment in this ancient and creative process of give-and-take between the dynamic poles of European civilization.
	www.teach12.com /ttc/assets/coursedescriptions/4427.asp (1038 words)

	EUROPEAN UNION TARTAN
		The cloth is an authentic Scottish Tartan for all Europeans, registered by the Scottish Tartan Society, the United Kingdom Patent Office, the President of the European Union and the Commissioners in Brussels.
		The tartan is made up of the colours on the flag of the European Union, running through the tartan is a small red line, this commemorates the blood spilt on our Continent since recorded history, the white line is slightly larger and represents peace on the Continent of Europe and the world.
		On the left hand sleeve of the jacket a small velcro patch shows the fifteen stars that represent the countries in the European Union, leaving ample space to incorporate further enlargment sometime in the first decade of the year 2000.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/CChalmers (630 words)

	TODAY'S ZAMAN
		A seven-member European Union jury nominated Istanbul as the European Capital of Culture.
		The EP selection committee which named Istanbul as the European Capital of Culture for 2010 in the non-EU member category chose Hungary's Pecs and Germany's Essen to be European Capitals of Culture for 2010 from among the EU cities.
		The Turkish city, bridging Asia and Europe, began to preparations to be the capital of culture after the EU parliament awarded non-EU member countries the chance in 1999.
	www.zaman.com /?bl=culture&alt=&hn=31955 (856 words)

	EUROPA - Activities of the European Union - Culture
		The aim of the European Union is double: to preserve and support this diversity and to help make it accessible to others.
		Useful reading: A community of cultures - the European Union and the arts (Series: "Europe on the move")
		Opinions of the European Economic and Social Committee
	europa.eu /pol/cult/index_en.htm (182 words)

	European Agriculture FAQ — Food & Water Watch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Agriculture now represents less than 10% of the European Union total GDP, yet it plays an essential role in the European culture, environment and social situation.
		It provides wholesome food for the population and is thus key for European food security.
		Because of dumping, farmers worldwide can’t make a fair living from their hard work and many face significant poverty (paradoxically the majority of the 850 million people who suffer hunger in the world are farmers).
	www.foodandwaterwatch.org /food/europeanagriculture/faq (628 words)

	Institute for European Studies - Student Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The concentration provides coherent structure for students with an interest in interdisciplinary study in the field of European Studies, which will complement their major in a traditional department.
		The concentration has three tracks: European politics, economics and society; modern European history; and European culture.
		Another wonderful student opportunity is GOVT 431/432, otherwise known as Model European Union Simulation or EUROSIM.
	www.einaudi.cornell.edu /Europe/student/index.asp (124 words)

	FIRST THINGS: A Journal of Religion, Culture, and Public Life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The most consequential cultural and political event in American history in the past half century was the Roe v.
		At least there is no public evidence of such struggle, nor any suggestion by the bishops that their longstanding and adamant support for the unlimited abortion license should be a matter of concern.
		The culture of death is relentless but not unstoppable.
	www.firstthings.com /ftissues/ft0402/articles/weigel.html (1563 words)

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