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Topic: European exploration of Australia

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	Australian History: Colonisation
		Australia was not always in the location and shape it is recognised today.
		European Exploration - The first European to discover was thought to have been Willem Jansz, a Dutchman who sailed along part of the Gulf of Carpentaria in 1606 and landed on Australian soil.
		James Cook, an Englishman, was the first European to sail along the eastern coast of Australia in 1770.
	www.australianhistory.org /colonisation.php (376 words)

	Australia
		Australia's external dependencies are the Australian Antarctic Territory, Christmas Island, the Cocos Islands, the Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norfolk Island, the Ashmore and Cartier Islands, and the Coral Sea Islands Territory.
		The arrival of the Europeans was an unmitigated disaster for the Aborigines.
		Australia's soils, low rainfall, and recurrent droughts were better suited, however, for large-scale grazing than for arable farming, and the most successful and dramatic transformation of the Australian continent occurred in the 1830s and 1840s, as squatters established huge sheep runs.
	teddieswonderland.freeservers.com /Australia.html (20628 words)

	About Australia
		Although Australia was not known to the Western world, it did exist in late medieval European logic and mythology: A great Southland, or Terra Australis, was thought necessary to balance the weight of the northern landmasses of Europe and Asia.
		Australia was portrayed as a remote and unattractive land for European settlement.
		Their explorations, followed by the southerly treks of Hamilton Hume and William Hovell in 1824 and Major Thomas Livingstone Mitchell (later Sir Thomas) in 1836 into what was later called Victoria, spurred the transfer of flocks and herds to inland pastures.
	www.webear.com /australiaengl.html (7022 words)

	Australia
		Australia is the smallest continent in the world; it is the sixth-largest country, one of the world's oldest landmasses, the flattest continent, and (after Antarctica) the driest one.
		Located completely in the Southern Hemisphere, Australia is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the west and south, the Pacific Ocean on the east, the Tasmanian Sea on the southeast, and the Timor, Arafura, and Coral seas on the north.
		Early European exploration of Australia was a by-product of the 16th- and 17th-century trade expansion into Asia by Portugal, Spain, and Holland, although it is certain that near neighbors from islands to the north and perhaps China made contact with the continent.
	www.law.du.edu /elliot/ptrevino3/index.htm (1094 words)

	Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Australia grew as a group of British colonies during the 19th century, and in 1901 the colonies federated to form a unified independent nation.
		Australia's vegetation is predominantly evergreen, ranging from the dense bushland and eucalyptus forests of the coast, to mulga and mallee scrub and saltbush of the inland plains.
		Australia was a principal whaling nation until the late 1970s, when it agreed to halt most whaling activities in cooperation with an international effort to maintain the whale population.
	members.tripod.com /~amdon666/aus/aus.htm (16435 words)

	The TN Australia
		European settlement of Australia began in 1788 when a British penal colony was established on the east coast.
		Additionally, Australia was of strategic importance to Britain, and it provided a base for the Royal Navy in the eastern sea.
		Melbourne was established at Port Phillip Bay (Victoria) in 1835, and Adelaide at the Gulf of St.Vincent (South Australia) in 1836.
	library.thinkquest.org /C0124975/html/australia.html (1244 words)

	European exploration of Australia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although Australia is often said to have been discovered by Royal Navy Lt. (later Captain) James Cook in 1770, he was merely one of a number of European explorers to have sighted and landed on the continent prior to English settlement, and he did so about 170 years after the first such documented encounter.
		Explorations 1501-1600 AD Although it is possible that the Portuguese Luis Vaez de Torres and Pedro Fernandes de Queirós could sight Australia a year before, the first documented and undisputed European sighting (and landing) of Australia was in 1606, by the Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon aboard the Duyfken.
		Explorations 1821-1837 AD The opening up of the interior to European settlement occurred gradually throughout the colonial period, and a number of these explorers are very well known.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/European_exploration_of_Australia (1729 words)

	Australia travel guide - Wikitravel
		Australia is bordered on the northwest, west, and southwest by the Indian Ocean, and on the east by the South Pacific Ocean.
		Australia is prone to severe drought and water restrictions are currently in place in some areas, however these shouldn't affect travellers as they mostly relate to watering gardens and washing cars.
		Sunny Australia has one simple message for the traveller (and for its own citizens!): "Slip, slop, slap!" [21] In other words, "Slip on a shirt, slop on some sunscreen and slap on a hat!" Over-exposure to the sun at Australian latitudes is responsible for many cases of sunburn, sunstroke and heat exhaustion every year.
	wikitravel.org /en/Australia (12619 words)

	European discovery and the colonisation of Australia - Australia's Culture Portal
		The coast of Australia, featuring Tasmania as a separate island, was mapped in detail by the English mariners and navigators Bass and Flinders, and the French mariner, Baudin.
		This period of European exploration is reflected in the names of landmarks such as the Torres Strait, Arnhem Land, Dampier Sound, Tasmania, the Furneaux Islands, Cape Frecinyet and La Perouse.
		The British province of South Australia was established in 1836, and in 1842 it became a crown colony.
	www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au /articles/australianhistory (2245 words)

	History of Australia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Other 17th century European voyagers (predominantly Dutch, but also French and English) were to follow suit, and by the start of the 18th century the western and northern coastlines of what had become known as "New Holland" had been charted.
		A gold rush began in Australia in the early 1850s, and the Eureka Stockade rebellion in 1854 was an early expression of nationalist sentiment—the flag that was used to represent it has been seriously considered by some as an alternative to the Australian flag.
		Australia remains a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II the Queen of Australia; the 1999 referendum to establish a republic was marginally rejected.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Australia (1842 words)

	Australia Country Analysis Brief
		Australia ’s oil reserves, mostly located offshore of the northwestern and southeastern parts of the country, are estimated at 3.5 billion barrels (Oil and Gas Journal, 1/1/04), a 20% increase over 2001 reserves.
		Australia ’s natural gas consumption is projected to grow twice as fast as the consumption of other energy sources in the next two decades, and it is expected to account for 24% of total energy consumption by 2020.
		Australia is estimated to contain 90.5 billion short tons (Bst) of coal reserves, the majority of which are concentrated along the country’s eastern seaboard.
	www.eia.doe.gov /cabs/australia.html (4822 words)

	Australian History
		It is widely believed that the Aboriginal People migrated from some unknown point in Asia to Australia between 60,000 and 50,000 years ago, and quickly covered the entire continent.
		European exploration of Australia began in 1606, when the Spanish navigator Luis Vaez de Torres sailed through the Torres Strait, now named after him, which separates Australia and Papua New Guinea.
		Before that, seagoing Macassan traders, originating from what is now Indonesia, would visit the north of Australia to trade with the aborigines and harvest sea cucumber.
	library.thinkquest.org /C005462/aushistory.html (677 words)

	Australian History: Exploration
		Europeans, at the time, didn’t know that Australia existed; they imagined that in the southern hemisphere there was a great mass of land but did not know for sure.
		The first European to discover was thought to have been Willem Jansz, a Dutchman who sailed along part of the Gulf of Carpentaria in 1606 and landed on Australian soil.
		Endeavour Explorations - The Endeavour expedition left Plymouth, England in 1768 with ninety-four men on board.
	www.australianhistory.org /exploration.php (367 words)

	Australia Fears Jet Flight Guilt Could Hit Tourism
		Environmental groups say jet travel is one of the fastest growing sources of carbon dioxide and jet-setting politicians are regularly castigated for the tonnes of pollution their travels produce.
		Australia is concerned that growing guilt over the impact of jet flights on global warming could hit the country's multi-billion-dollar tourism industry, officials said Wednesday.
		As one of the only two countries in the world to have refused to sign the Kyoto Protocol on climate change, Australia could thus find itself shunned by eco-conscious travellers in the same way destinations run by repressive regimes are avoided for political reasons.
	www.spacemart.com /reports/Australia_Fears_Jet_Flight_Guilt_Could_Hit_Tourism_999.html (942 words)

	Antique MapART Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Celebrating Australia 's 400th anniversary of the first known European landing on Australian soil, the collection revealed the gradual emergence of Australia on the globe from its absence in the early 1500's until the appearance of Brisbane and Queensland in the mid 1800's.
		The exhibition was in celebration of 400 years of the known European exploration of Australia, which was one of the many events occurring around Australia in 2006 (please see www.australiaonthemap.org.au for more information).
		Unlike most other Countries it was Australia 's late appearance on the world map and in global trade that meant it was rarely included in atlases until the mid 18th century as anything more than a few lines on the edge of the South Pacific and Indian oceans.
	www.antiquemapart.com /exhibition.htm (553 words)

	Australia - Early Explorations
		European exploration of Australia began in 1606, when the Spanish navigator Luis Vaez de Torres sailed through the Torres Strait, now named after him, which separates Australia and Papua New Guinea.
		Before that, seagoing Macassan traders, originating from what is now Indonesia, would visit the north of Australia to trade with the Aborigines and harvest sea cucumber.
		Sighting land near Cape Everard, in the southeast corner of Australia, he turned north charting the coastline as he went.
	www.ruthshaven.com /australia/earlyexplorations.html (295 words)

	NASA - NASA, 13 Space Agencies Release Exploration Strategy Framework
		The document, "The Global Exploration Strategy: The Framework for Coordination," reflects a shared vision of space exploration focused on solar system destinations where humans may someday live and work.
		Although the document is non-binding, its contents are consistent with ongoing bilateral and multilateral discussions that NASA intends to lead to cooperative agreements for specific projects.
		In addition to NASA, representatives from agencies in Australia, Canada, China, the European Space Agency, France, Germany, Great Britain, India, Italy, Japan, Russia, the Republic of Korea and Ukraine participated in the Global Exploration Strategy discussions.
	www.nasa.gov /home/hqnews/2007/may/HQ_07126_Exploration_Framework.html (282 words)

	post European settlement Exploration of Australia
		European settlement in Australia started in 1788 with the arrival of the First Fleet from England.
		From the moment they arrrived bold and brave men started to explorer this unknown and strange land.
		However European explorers had been coming to Australia since the 1600's.
	australiaexplorers.com /posteuropeansettlement.html (72 words)

	Elderhostel : Australia, New Zealand and Pacific Island Programs
		A four-week journey exploring Australia’s vast and varied human and natural landscapes.
		Celebrate the land and people of Australia and New Zealand in a month-long adventure into each land's unique natural, historic and cultural features.
		Pacific Islands/Papua New Guinea - Papua New Guinea: Undiscovered Exploration
	www.elderhostel.org /programs/australia.asp (306 words)

	Nineteenth Century Exploration of Australia
		Although Australian coasts were charted in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and the first permanent European settlement established in New South Wales in 1788, exploration of the interior of the continent was entirely a nineteenth century phenomenon.
		During the 1800s a great number of intrepid (but sometimes foolhardy) adventurers, prospectors, surveyors and naturalists crisscrossed the continent in all directions, more than a few of them losing their lives along the way.
		The map was so charming that I decided to make it the central feature of an Australia exploration-focussed service; to reveal its detail we have reproduced it in three overlapping panel sections that, hopefully, retain most of its original feel.
	www.wku.edu /~smithch/australia (713 words)

	History - Australia - Oceania: australia history, european exploration, chinese malaysian, aboriginal people, rising sea
		History - Australia - Oceania: australia history, european exploration, chinese malaysian, aboriginal people, rising sea
		Subsequently, rising sea levels separated Tasmania and other immediate offshore islands from the rest of the continent.
		For the history of the indigenous people of Australia prior to European settlement.
	www.countriesquest.com /oceania/australia/history.htm (108 words)

	ERCIM News 66 - Table of Contents
		ERCIM Beyond-the-Horizon Action Coordinates European ICT Research for the Future
		The European Digital Library – A Project of the Conference of European National Librarians
		XPeer: A Digital Library for the European Higher Education Area
	www.ercim.org /publication/Ercim_News/enw66 (696 words)

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