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Topic: European settlement

	Human Interactions - European Settlement
		The first settlers were accustomed to life in the forests and were daunted by the seemingly insurmountable obstacles to settlement presented by the prairies.
		Whereas the lack of trees on the prairie was considered an impediment to settlement by most pioneers, some considered it an advantage.
		Because of the extensive prairies between Illinois and Vincennes, “A communication between them and the settlements east of that river [the Wabash] can not in the common course of things, for centuries yet to come, be supported with the least benefit, or be of the least moment to either of them.” [Boggess, 1908).
	www.museum.state.il.us /exhibits/midewin/settlement.html (1003 words)

	First european settlement in America - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		La Isabela was the first formal european settlement in the new world.
		Later discoveries proved that the Vikings had established a settlement in the province of Newfoundland, Canada; under the leadership of Lief Erikson in the 11th century.
		This settlement was abandoned shortly aterwards however due most likely to fighting with the Beothuk tribe, Canada would not be settled again until John Cabot's landing in 1497.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/First_european_settlement_in_America (140 words)

	SSTA - The Discovery of Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Settlement of the Territory began 1824 though by 1908 it was still sparsely populated.
		European settlement began in 1788 in Port Jackson, Sydney, with the establishment of a penal colony.
		The harbour of Port Phillip was explored in 1801, and a settlement was made at Portland, on the southern coast, in 1834.
	www.visitoz.com /discover/setl_oz.htm (475 words)

	Compact Histories
		Contact with Europeans probably occurred at an early date, perhaps as soon as John Cabot in 1497, but they were first mentioned specifically by Captain John Smith when he explored the coast of New England in 1614.
		This may have occurred as early as the 11th century with the early Viking settlements on the coast of North America, or perhaps with Basque fishermen who visited the Grand Banks before Columbus' voyage in 1492 but kept quiet about where they were catching all their fish.
		Actually, migration was rare until settlement displaced the eastern tribes and began a chain reaction of movement to the west.
	www.tolatsga.org /Compacts.html (4403 words)

	UNESCO Courier: The unknown art of Australia - since European settlement
		Though determined to go on behaving like Europeans in a strange environment the first settlers were continually challenged by the enduring power of the so-called "primitive" character of the land and the "primitive" character of the people.
		The early European settlers found themselves clinging to the shores of a great continent the size of the United States, situated between the Indian and Pacific Oceans, with south-east Asia to their north.
		European settlers began building the kinds of houses they had known in their former homelands, but these were found to be unsuitable.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1310/is_1988_Dec/ai_7091140 (1423 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Since European settlement Indigenous people have experienced continuing changes, and in recent years have banded together to protest against treatment of their people.
		European settlement of the Australian continent began with Captain James Cook’s visit and claim of possession in 1770.
		In the early days of settlement Indigenous people were conquered either in battle – guns were an advantage for the invaders – or in slavery.
	pals.dia.wa.gov.au /europeanSettlement.aspx (922 words)

	History of South Africa, Early European Settlement
		European settlement was to be limited to VOC employees only, and their numbers were to be kept as small as possible.
		The slave population, which exceeded that of the European settlers until the first quarter of the nineteenth century, was overwhelmingly male and was thus dependent on constant imports of new slaves to maintain and to augment its size.
		There were approximately 1,500 Europeans in the Cape settlement and a slightly larger number of slaves, and the area of settlement had extended well beyond the original base at Table Bay to include freehold farms reaching sixty kilometers inland.
	motherearthtravel.com /history/south-africa/history-4.htm (2441 words)

	Human Interactions - European settlement 2
		During the 1830s another center of settlement developed in the Chicago region and spread south and west toward the advancing front of settlers from the south (McManis, 1968).
		Most of the settlements were connected by roads that were practicable at most seasons for packers and travelers on horseback, but in times of flood the suspension of travel by land was practically complete (Boggess, 1908).
		The second important factor in the rapid settlement of the region was the building of railroads across the prairie from 1850 to 1860.
	www.museum.state.il.us /exhibits/midewin/settlement02.html (397 words)

	Sherlock's Ozk9 - European Settlement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cook was the first European explorer to expose Australia as a gigantic island continent and on the 23rd of August, 1770, he formally claimed the eastern coast of Australia for the British Crown and raised the Union Jack (British flag).
		Further settlements were begun at Hobart (Tasmania) in 1803, on the Brisbane River (Queensland) in 1824, and on the Swan River (Western Australia) in 1829.
		In the years since it was first colonised, Australia has grown in resources to accommodate a population of close to 19 million people (census 1999) and caters for those from all different walks of life, races, cultures and religions.
	users.tpg.com.au /ozpoet/ozk9/settlement.html (583 words)

	[No title]
		Should any new export incentives for pasta exported from the European Communities to the United States of America be introduced which undermine the operation of this Settlement, the United States of America will have the right to pursue re-negotiation of this Settlement or to terminate it.
		In order to promote early and accurate adjustment to the agreed level of IPR utilization referred to in paragraph 4 of the Settlement to which this Annex is attached ("agreed level"), the United States of America and the European Communities agree to a series of four initial reviews of the functioning of this Settlement.
		On the basis of this review, the European Communities shall, in accordance with paragraph B below, alter the percentage reduction in the export refund referred to in paragraph 1 of the Settlement to which this Annex is attached, either upward or downward so as to achieve the agreed level.
	www.fas.usda.gov /itp/agreements/pasta.html (1642 words)

	European Settlement
		The first European to visit the Clare region was John Hill.
		The coming of Horrocks may have been good for European settlement but it was a severe economic and political blow for the Kaurna.
		European women rarely would wish to live in the squalor of the shepherds' life.
	kudnarto.tripod.com /ch5.htm (5131 words)

	More about European Settlement by Settlement Secrets... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		European Settlement F rench and British explorers entered the Ohio country through the same paths Indians had followedthe waterways.
		Settlement Actual European contact with the native people of the Vancouver region was infrequent and isolated up until 1792, when Captain George Vancouver (for whom the city is named) returned to the...
		Early History European Settlement The earliest record of Europeans in the area, the ruins of a very old fort and an old French House, were recorded in 1792, just west of Ear Falls on the...
	www.fsettlementsecrets.com /settlement/european_settlement.html (597 words)

	Early European settlement (from New Zealand) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Created by imperial decree, the Jewish Pale of Settlement was that part of the Russian Empire within which Russia's Jewish population was required to live and work for more than 130 years between the late 18th and early 20th century.
		Resident workers who live in the settlements are trained to help people with their problems.
		As European colonial powers staked their claims in Africa in the late 19th century, they faced opposition from most of the indigenous peoples, whether living in states or small-scale societies.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-43595?tocId=43595 (986 words)

	Financial Times Mandate : Mandate Research: Clearing and settlement - Cross-border transactions - A pan-European ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The European Commission and European Parliament is currently addressing which policy guidelines and/or decisions will support the process of integration.
		Various related reports confirm that existing clearing and settlement arrangements for the processing of domestic securities transactions within the EU are highly efficient.
		A review of different European settlement and custody systems (clearing is defined as the preparation of the instructions for settlement) shows that a key requirement for an efficient process is that the ownership
	static.elibrary.com /f/financialtimesmandate/april072003/mandateresearchclearingandsettlementcrossbordertra/index.html (243 words)

	European settlement (from Australia) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The second European settlement in Australia, it was founded in 1788 by Governor Arthur Phillip as a western outlying farm colony of Sydney.
		Located in the south-central part of the country, it is bounded by Western Australia on the west; the Northern Territory on the north; Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria on the east; and the Great Australian Bight of the Indian Ocean on the south.
		The Bank for International Settlements was founded in 1930 in Basel, Switzerland, to handle German reparations payments to the Allies after World War I and to serve as a cooperative agency for national central banks.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-42400 (901 words)

	AllRefer.com - Mississippi, state, United States : History : Native Inhabitants and European Settlement, United States ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Hernando De Soto's expedition undoubtedly passed (1540–42) through the region, then inhabited by the Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Natchez, but the first permanent European settlement was not made until 1699, when Pierre le Moyne, sieur d'Iberville, established a French colony on Biloxi Bay.
		Settlement accelerated in 1718, when the colony came under the French Mississippi Company, headed by the speculator John Law.
		The region was part of Louisiana until 1763, when, by the Treaty of Paris (see Paris, Treaty of) England received practically all the French territory E of the Mississippi River and also East Florida and West Florida, which had belonged to Spain.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/Missip-history.html (317 words)

	Pre-European Settlement in the Kissimmee River Floodplain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		However, there were people living in the area long before European explorers arrived and claimed it for their own.
		Generally, they established settlements along areas with a reliable source of fresh water, high and dry ground to build shelters, fertile soil for farming, and brackish water for hunting.
		This was largely destroyed upon the arrival of European explorers; diseases such as smallpox, measles, influenza, and the common cold decimated native populations.
	www.uvm.edu /~sapalmer/nr260/humaninteractions/preeuropean.html (552 words)

	Trade Relations among European and African Nations \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Trade among European and African precolonial nations developed relatively recently in the economic history of the African continent.
		European companies quickly developed mercantile ties with these indigenous powers and erected fortified "factories," or warehouses, on coastal areas to store goods and defend their trading rights from foreign encroachment.
		Round, white shells are valued symbols of spirituality and leadership in many Central African cultures, and European merchants clearly created this ceramic form to meet the particular demands and interests of their trading partners.
	www.metmuseum.org /TOAH/hd/aftr/hd_aftr.htm (611 words)

	Convicts and the European settlement of Australia - Stories from Australia's Culture and Recreation Portal
		The penal settlement of Port Arthur, Van Dieman's [sic] Land from a sketch by Captn.
		The European settlement of Australia and the enforced exile of convicts to these shores are inextricably linked.
		Rottnest Island, off the coast of Perth, became the colony's convict settlement in 1838 and was used for local colonial offenders.
	www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au /articles/convicts (1618 words)

	European Settlement in Puget Sound
		The history of Europeans and the subsequent settlers in Puget Sound is inextricably linked to the 1792 expedition of Captain George Vancouver (seen in the picture to the right) and Lt. Peter Puget on the British ship Discovery.
		The settlement was built on the Nisqually River Delta and is the first example of wetland acreage being lost to development in Puget Sound.
		The presence of Europeans also meant the presence of European diseases and it is estimated that the Native American population in the Puget Sound area decreased from 20,000 in the late 1700's to 7,000 by 1833.
	www.uvm.edu /~ksjennin/nr260/europeans.html (698 words)

	European settlement in Australia
		European Settlement in Rural Australia, 1850 to 1900"
		This paper analyses the European settlement and development of family and community structures in a rural community in Australia in the second half of the nineteenth century.
		This study uses the state registration of births, deaths and marriages for the Upper Williams Valley whose population grew from approximately 1,500 European inhabitants in 1850 to over 4,000 in 1900.
	dmo.econ.msu.ru /epc2001_history/Authors/Strachan/Strachan.htm (553 words)

	Resources - 1788 - Before European Settlement
		However, once European settlement began, Aboriginal rights to traditional lands were disregarded and the Aboriginal people of the Sydney region were almost obliterated by introduced diseases and, to a lesser extent, armed force.
		First contacts were relatively peaceful but Aboriginal people and their culture were as unfamiliar to Europeans, initially, as the landscape, flora and fauna of the new land.
		In fact, when the first European settlement came, 18 years later, it took place a few kilometres north of Botany Bay, in Sydney Harbour which Cook had not entered.
	www.parliament.nsw.gov.au /prod/web/common.nsf/key/HistoryBeforeEuropeanSettlement (1347 words)

	ABSTRACT: Pre-European settlement conditions and human disturbance of a coniferous swamp in southern Ontario. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		ABSTRACT: Pre-European settlement conditions and human disturbance of a coniferous swamp in southern Ontario.
		Title : Pre-European settlement conditions and human disturbance of a coniferous swamp in southern Ontario.
		The pollen analyses showed that the fl spruce swamp is present as a result of changes in the wetland hydrology induced by human activity, and the fragmentary low shrub vegetation community (which contains locally rare plant species) represents a relic of the pre-European settlement wetland community.
	cgrg.geog.uvic.ca /abstracts/BuntingPre-EuropeanA1998.html (241 words)

	European settlement in Australia
		The settlement grew to be Sydney, Australia’s biggest city.
		For many years, the rugged Blue Mountains blocked western expansion of the Sydney settlement but in 1813 the discovery of a passage over the mountains opened the way for inland exploration.
		Settlements were established in Hobart (Tasmania) in 1803, on the Brisbane River (Queensland) in 1824, on the Swan River (Western Australia) in 1829, on Port Phillip Bay (Victoria) in 1835 and on Gulf St Vincent (South Australia) in 1836.
	www.koalanet.com.au /european-settlement.html (382 words)

	Native American Clashes with European Settlers
		Historian Otis Rice suggests this absence was due to the Five Nations, "which sought domination of the Ohio Valley as part of their effort to control the fur trade with the Dutch, and later the British.
		As part of their negotiations, the British secured three treaties which opened the western Virginia frontier to European settlement: Treaty of Albany (1722) and Treaty of Lancaster (1744) with the Six Nations and Treaty of Logstown (1752) with the Delaware and Shawnee.
		As a condition of the subsequent Treaty of Camp Charlotte, the Delaware, Shawnee, and Mingo relinquished all claims to land south of the Ohio River.
	www.wvculture.org /history/indland.html (1804 words)

	NATO Archives - Harmel Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The core of the problem is to convince the East European states and the Soviet Union by means of a persuasive, patient and undramatic policy that there are greater advantages to both sides in collaboration between East and West.
		Moreover many East European regimes regard Soviet support as necessary for their national security and to keep them in power; and at their present stage of development close economic relations with the Soviet Union are also essential to them.
		In working towards a general European settlement our policy should therefore be not to set Eastern Europe against the Soviet Union but rather to involve both Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union in more constructive forms of cooperation which will be of greater advantage to both sides than the present confrontation.
	www.nato.int /archives/harmel/harmel01.htm (3816 words)

	Exploration and Settlement: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It was not, however, until the second half of the 18th century that a considerable population came to live permanently in Newfoundland and to expand by natural growth; and it was not until the beginning of the 19th century that the formal institutions of church and state were securely planted.
		This odd contrast between the early importance of the region to these European maritime empires and the late date at which it was effectively occupied is one of the defining features of the province's history.
		There were numerous different settlements established on the Newfoundland coast, chiefly by the English and French, during the 17th and 18th centuries.
	www.heritage.nf.ca /exploration (491 words)

	EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT TO 1930 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The latter were the first Aboriginals to come in contact with Europeans at Sorrento in 1803 and progressively thereafter.
		The Brighton foreshore continued to be the focus of private and public attention during the transition from early settlement to rural suburb.
		Preserving public decency was an issue for the council but minor compared with foreshore ownership and bathing box disputes between 1862 and 1874.
	www.bathingbox.com /european_settlement_to_1930.htm (585 words)

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