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Topic: European Silver Fir

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	Probert Encyclopaedia: Nature (Eu-Ez) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The European Corn-Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) is a moth of the family Pyralidea with a wing span of between 26 and 30 mm, native to Europe but introduced through maize exports to the rest of the world, where it is a serious agricultural pest.
		The European Silver Fir or Common Silver Fir (Abies alba) is a coniferous tree native to central Europe where it grows in mountainous regions to a height of 45 meters.
		The European Silver Fir is cultivated for timber (pine).
	www.probertencyclopaedia.com /B3F.HTM (1376 words)

	Silver Fir - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Silver Fir or European Silver Fir (Abies alba) is a fir native to the mountains of Europe, from the Pyrenees north to Normandy, east to the Alps and the Carpathians, and south to southern Italy and northern Serbia, where it intergrades with the closely related Bulgarian Fir.
		It is closely related to Bulgarian Fir (Abies borisiiregis) to the southeast in the Balkan Peninsula and Sicilian Fir (A.
		Silver Fir is the species first used as a Christmas tree, but has been largely replaced by Nordmann Fir (which has denser, more attractive foliage), Norway Spruce (which is much cheaper to grow), and other species.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Silver_Fir (306 words)

	fir on Encyclopedia.com
		Firs, valued and cultivated for their fragrance and beauty, are found chiefly in alpine regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
		Fir wood is usually light and soft but is sometimes used for interior finishing and for crates and boxes.
		Firs are classified in the division Pinophyta, class Pinopsida, order Coniferales.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/f1/fir.asp (335 words)

	Fir Tree Seeds from around the world
		ABIES FABRI (DELAVAYI FIR) (FIR50) Native to China, the middle and lower reaches of the Dadu River, the Qingyi River valley, on Mount Emei, and in the Daliang and Xiaoliang Mountains, at 2000-3100(-3600) m.
		ABIES HOLOPHYLLA (MANCHURIAN FIR) (FIR55) Native of Manchuria and Korea.
		ABIES SIBERICA (SIBERIAN FIR) (FIR81) Native to Siberia and Mongolia, it is a narrowly conical tree growing to 30 ft. tall.
	www.seedman.com /fir.htm (1448 words)

	Fir - InformationBlast
		Firs are trees of the Family Pinaceae and belong to the genus Abies.
		Firs can be distinguished from other members of the pine family by the fact that their leaves are attached to the twig by a base that resembles a small suction cup, and by erect cylindrical cones that disintegrate at maturity.
		The wood of most firs is considered inferior, and is often used as pulp or for the manufacture of plywood and rough timber.
	www.informationblast.com /Fir.html (229 words)

	botany/abies
		Abies are commonly known as Fir trees and belong to Pinaceae, a section of the Conifer family, Coniferae.
		Firs may be distinguished from Spruces by their standing cones; cones of the Spruce are pendant.
		Young Fir trees are very sensitive to light, so they need to be shaded from strong, direct sun until they are two or three years old.
	www.botany.com /abies.htm (510 words)

	Balsam Woolly Adelgid FIDL 118
		This sequence is particularly characteristic of infested balsam, Fraser, and subalpine fir.
		Stem-infested grand and Pacific silver firs generally have needle loss, followed by a change in color to a grayish green and, ultimately, death.
		Bracted firs are attacked mostly by gout infestations, and Fraser fir is afflicted mostly by stem attacks.
	www.fs.fed.us /r6/nr/fid/fidls/fidl118.htm (2282 words)

	LABORATORY OF BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS
		In last years we are concentrated on a genetic studies of our native forest tree populations, especially of the endangered species and on the studies of the effect of routine forest tree breeding methods on the genetic value of population.
		Genetic analysis of the inter- and intopopulation variation of European silver fir (Abies alba) in the light of forest trees gene resources preservation.
		European silver-fir in Poland is a genetically heterogeneous species composed of separate populations a different genetic structure.
	www.idpan.poznan.pl /zakladyipracownie/genetykabiochemiczna/genetykabiochemiczna_eng.html (1338 words)

	Abies alba - Zb. Abies alba-Oxalis acetosella (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Temperature response of photosynthesis of silver fir (Abies alba
		Temperature response of photosynthesis of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) seedlings.
		µ g/gdw/h µ g/gdw/h Pinaceae Abies alba silver/European fir * <0.1
	infoant.com /?q=abies-alba (165 words)

	White Lotus Aromatics Newsletters
		A dry spot a little way back from the margin of a Silver Fir lily garden makes a glorious campground, especially where the slope is toward the east and opens a view of the distant peaks along the summit of the range.
		The tall lilies are brought forward in all their glory by the light of your blazing camp-fire, relieved against the outer darkness, and the nearest of the trees with their whorled branches tower above you like larger lilies, and the sky seen through the garden opening seems one vast meadow of white lily stars.
		So finally after much searching a nice Silver Fir Essential Oil has been located which is grown organically in France and captures the beauty of the sample I smelled several years back.Oil is distilled from needles alone or from twigs with needles.
	members.aol.com /wlaromatics/18silverfir.html (1119 words)

	Fir Tree Seeds from around the world
		ABIES CILICIA (CILICIAN FIR) (FIR25) Native of Turkey, Cilician Taurus and the mountains of Lebanon.
		ABIES MAGNIFICA SHASTENSIS (SHASTA RED FIR) (FIR65) Native of the mountains of Oregon and Nth California.
		ABIES NEPHROLEPSIS (SIBERIAN WHITE FIR) (FIR70) Native of Manchuria and South Korea.
	www.angelfire.com /ab/ltpa/seed24.htm (1644 words)

	Species:
		GENERAL DISTRIBUTION : Norway spruce is native to the European Alps, the Balkan mountains, and the Carpathians, its range extending north to Scandinavia and merging with Siberian spruce (Picea obovata) in northern Russia [50].
		Such mixtures require frequent thinning to maintain European silver fir, which would otherwise be eliminated by the beech and Norway spruce [67].
		Fire history in northern European Russia: Estimates from fire scar data indicate fire frequencies on the order of 130 to 200 years in spruce forests (including Siberian spruce and Norway spruce) [76].
	www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/tree/picabi/all.html (5345 words)

	IUFRO NEWS 4/1995 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In the course of the meeting, 36 papers and 9 posters were presented; 3 half-day excursions to the IUFRO silver fir provenance trial area of Baden-Wurttemberg as well as to silver fir stands and selection stands with a high share of silver fir were organised.
		When considering the damage of silver fir, the effects of climatic influences must not be overlooked.
		With silver firs, a correlation between thinning of the crown and diameter growth over several years can already be proved with needle losses between 0% and 30%.
	www.gis.umn.edu /iufro/news/news45-95.htm (4354 words)

	Silver Fir (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Specializing in the entire field of silver, featuring the finest in research pertaining to the world of silver, with articles on antique English, Continental, and, Colonial American silver.
		Silver and enamel of Bernard and Pippa Berthon.
		This is a directory of American Silver marks often seen on sterling or coin silver flatware and hollowware.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=European_silver_fir (1537 words)

	European Silver Fir
		Translations for "European silver fir"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
		zilverspar (fir, fir-tree, silver fir, spruce), zilverden (fir, fir-tree, silver fir, spruce), Gewone zilverspar (silver fir).
		Edeltanne (silver fir, spruce, spruce-fir), Weisstanne (silver fir), Silbertanne (silver fir, silverfir).
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/english/Eu/European+silver+fir.html (185 words)

	Abies alba description
		Silver fir forest in the Susa Valley, Italy [Renzo Motta].
		A tree-ring chronology covering 411 years, presumably based on living tree material, was collected in 1952 in Bayerischer Wald, Germany (48° 45'N, 13° 0' E) by B. Becker (Data accessed at the NOAA Paleoclimatology Program Tree-Ring Data Search Page, 24-Feb-1999.
		Foliar loppings of European silver fir in Czechoslovakia have yielded 1,380 tonnes/year of essential oils (Cermak and Penka 1979).
	www.botanik.uni-bonn.de /conifers/pi/ab/alba.htm (312 words)

	More about the Fir Tree
		With certainty they stated that it was a mature abies alba, i.e., a European silver fir.
		Also, the young fir exhibits a conical outer shape while the older, mature fir tends to be much more cylindrical, especially if its crown has suffered from inhibited vertical growth.
		His beforehand photo proved that this small fir had existed, and the contorted shape of the beech shrub, where the fir tree had blocked its growth on one side, helped confirm the fir’s prior existence.
	www.tjresearch.info /moretree.htm (4985 words)

	PUBLICATIONS
		Effects of stand origin on genetic pools of Norway spruce and European silver fir.
		Selection effects of air pollution on gene pools of Norway spruce, European silver fir and European beech.
		Effect of elevated CO2 and O3 on the chemical composition of wood in aspen clones: results after 3 years of exposure in the Aspen FACE project.
	forest.mtu.edu /faculty/karnosky/publications.html (1137 words)

	European silver fir - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about European silver fir (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		European Security and Defence Initiative (UK relative to NATO)
		European Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and Biology
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /European+silver+fir (145 words)

	Trees of the World Boreal Forests - Abies alba - Silver Fir
		The Silver Fir is also known as the European Fir.
		A tall tree with a long clear bole surmounted by a pyramidal crown that becomes flat-topped with age, growing to a height of 46 m.
		It is also found in Byelorussia, Asia and the Caucasus Mountains; prefers fresh, moist soils in higher altitudes.
	www.borealforest.org /world/trees/silver_fir.htm (202 words)

	Fir Species Table 2
		Canaan fir is a geographic source of a variety (var.
		Canaan fir breaks bud later and appears better suited to poorly drained soils than either balsam or Fraser fir.
		Similar in appearance to Fraser fir with lighter foliage and reddish buds.
	www4.ncsu.edu /~frampton/christmas%20tree%20links/fir02.htm (233 words)

	literature database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		European silver fir and European beech were investigated by means of isozyme analysis.
		In a mixed Norway spruce-silver fir forest stand in an area heavily polluted by sulphur dioxide and heavy metals in the region of Spis (eastern Slovakia), pairs of neighbouring damaged and apparently healthy trees were selected in two replicates (44 and 69 pairs in a heavily and moderately damaged stand, respectively).
		Pairwise sampling of trees with contrasting vitality was applied to reduce potential effects of site heterogeneity on the vitality of sampled trees.
	dendrome.ucdavis.edu /literature/literature_detail.php?id=Longauer_0269-7491_2001_405_11 (259 words)

	Fir tree and seed varieties from rich farm garden
		Corkbark Fir - Abies lasiocarpa - Narrow conical shaped fir with blue-green needles.
		Euopean Silver Fir - Abies alba - Soft blue green needles cover this European native.
		Frasier Fir - Abies fraserii - This variety has soft, waxy blue green needles with a silvery underside and purple cones.
	www.richfarmgarden.com /fir.html (254 words)

	STIHL - The tree (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The True or Silver fir is the most demanding conifer in our woods and forests.
		The deep tap roots require deep, good-quality soil, moderately moist subsoil, a mild climate and plenty of shade.
		The trunk of the Silver Fir can measure up to 2m in diameter.
	www.stihl.com /isapi/knowhow/baumlexikon/baum.asp?baumnr=102 (152 words)

	BFH
		Recent silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) is of great importance for the stability of mountainous forest ecosystems (in some areas recent populations are threatened by die-back).
		It is one of the rare conifer species that are supposed to be autochthonous at many of the sites of its natural range thus offering the spatio-temporal continuity necessary for this project.
		DNA from well-identified recent European Abies species was analysed and is at hand for the requirements of WP 1.
	www.imep-cnrs.com /fossilva/bfh.htm (899 words)

	Abies procera - Noble fir * Plants Encyclopedia - garten.cz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Abies balsamea 'Nana' (balsam fir), Ger: Balsamtanne, Czech: jedle balzámová
		Abies concolor 'Compacta' (Colorado white fir), Ger: Koloradotanne, Czech: jedle ojíněná
		Abies lasiocarpa 'Compacta' (subalpine fir), Ger: Zwergkorksilbertanne, Czech: jedle plstnatoplodá
	www.garten.cz /encyklopedie.php?lng=en&encid=11 (84 words)

	Tree Availability
		Fir, Canaan (Native to W.V.), Abies fraseri x A. balsamea
		Fir, Korean 'Horstmann's Silberlock, Abies koreana 'Horstmann's Silberlo
		Fir, Alpine 'Glauca Compacta', Abies lasiocarpa arizonica 'Glauca
	www.chattoogagardens.com /id5.html (824 words)

	Fir Needle
		Used as a fragrance component in deodorants, room sprays, disinfectants, bath preparations, soaps and perfumes.
		Distribution -- Native to Northern European and mountainous regions; cultivated mainly in Switzerland, Poland, Germany, France, Austria, Yugoslavia.
		Other species -- Oils that are distilled from the twigs and needles of various members of the coniferous families are all commonly called fir needle oil -- it is therefore important to know the specific botanical name.
	www.tripleaspectherbs.com /Essoils/firsilver.htm (325 words)

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