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Topic: Eurotra

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	Eurotra
		Eurotra was an ambitious machine translation project established and funded by the European Commission from the late 1970s until 1994.
		The true character of Eurotra was eventually acknowledged to be in fact pre-competitive research rather than prototype development.
		While Eurotra never delivered a "working" MT system, the project made a far-reaching long-term impact on the nascent language industries in European member states, in particular among the southern countries of Greece, Italy, Spain, and Portugal.
	www.teachtime.com /en/wikipedia/e/eu/eurotra.html (186 words)

	Report on Eurotra Workshop, Luxembourg, 16 April 91
		The TH component's main function is to translate between a formatted document and whatever linguistic structures are used for input to (or output from) the LA component.
		Tenders were invited for two distinct projects: first the implementation of a Eurotra II development environment, as described by the four study papers; second the provision of maintenance and software support facilities for all Eurotra Project researchers (currently 17 sites located in 12 countries).
		Despite the general lack of enthusiasm within the Eurotra project for corpus linguistics, it seems to me that some of the tools developed as part of TH may prove to be of particular interest to several TEI projects.
	users.ox.ac.uk /~lou/reports/9104lux.htm (1953 words)

	EuroTra - About EuroTra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		One of the activities of EuroTra is to develop links between the various European transport training organisations, to harmonise training programmes and standards and to co-operate in the exchange of training programmes, educational support and practical courses within Europe.
		EuroTra´s strength is that her partners have leading positions in their local markets, combining this with extensive knowledge and understanding of international transport markets and human resources.
		EuroTra members extend their interests into specialist consultancy assignments, consortia and partnerships to provide practical services and assistance both within and outside the European Union.
	www.eurotra.org /about.php (432 words)

	Lexicons for Machine-Translation
		Eurotra is a transfer based and syntax driven MT system which deals with 9 languages (Danish, Dutch, German, Greek, English, French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese).
		Eurotra dictionaries cannot be considered as a complete semantic database to be used in real-world applications.
		Eurotra IS representation is a deep syntactic representation and not a semantic one.
	www.ilc.cnr.it /EAGLES96/rep2/node25.html (1585 words)

	gilcUB (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The project was given the name Eurotra and a group of representatives from some thirty European universities and research centers was formed for its preparation.
		A second but equally important aim of the Eurotra programme was the encouragement of research and education in the areas of computational linguistics, natural language processing and machine translation within the EEC.
		The Eurotra Programme has been running from 1985 to 1992, with coordinated work going on in every country of the Community, and total investment amounted up to 37,5 million ECU's.
	www.ub.es /gilcub/ingles/projects/european/eurotra.html (303 words)

	lim \| monitor \| article: Eurotra Denmark: Diversifying (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The beginning of 1991—for some the end of the previous Eurotra budget—saw Eurotra Denmark rebaptized as the Centre for Language Technology (Sprogteknologi) and cast as an independent (non-profit) institute within the University of Copenhagen.
		The group recently completed a feasibility study for a Danish company which resulted in the signing of a contract at the end of December for what Maegaard describes as “a customized and application-oriented MT system which exploits Eurotra know-how.” More details on this noteworthy development should be forthcoming in early 1992.
		Currently, the Centre and LAK are arranging the first MT and language technology forum, to be held in Copenhagen, on February 4, 1992.
	www.lim.nl /monitor/eurotra-dk.html (740 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Eurotra phase 1 funding ended last year and a new phase began, lasting 1.5 years.
		Eurotra is independent and has 2 sites in Luxemburg.
		ET-10: Part of the Eurotra effort is a continuing project to relate different formalisms.
	www.tei-c.org /Vault/AI/ai6m02.txt (1735 words)

	Machine Translation: a ten-year review 1984-1994 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		While at the end of the 1970s, Eurotra was seen as representing the best `linguistics-based' design, at the end of the 1980s it was seen by many as basically obsolete in design and conception, and by 1992 Eurotra had effectively come to an end.
		To a certain extent, both the Ariane and Eurotra projects have survived in so far as the Eurolang project is basing its MT research on their foundations.
		For example, in Eurotra a series of tree transductions was proposed: from a morphological tree into a syntactic tree, from a syntactic tree into a semantic tree, from an interface tree of the source language into an equivalent target-language tree, and so forth.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/WJHutchins/Cranfield.htm (7581 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Coordination %B Eurotra Reference Manual 4.1 %D 1988 %K both refman %T ET6/1 Phase 2: Assessment and Feasibility Report %A H. Alshawi %A D. Arnold %A D. Carter %A J. Lindop %A K. Netter %A S. Pulman %A J-I. Tsujii %A H. Uskoreit.
		IS %B Eurotra Reference Manual 5.0 %D 1988 %K essex refman %A L. Humphreys %T Ch.
		Arguments to Adjectives - Legislation %B Eurotra Reference Manual 6.1 %D 1989 %K essex refman %A L. Sadler %A A. Syea %A P. Schmidt %T Ch.
	clwww.essex.ac.uk /search/bib/clmt/eurotra-uk.bib (424 words)

	MTNI-3
		The official launch of the Eurotra programme was in November 1982, though a certain amount of work had been done before this.
		Eurotra is certainly one of the largest, and most ambitious programmes of NLP RandD ever undertaken.
		The 'pre-industrial' phase of Eurotra ended in December 1990, and was succeeded by the Transitional Programme for Eurotra.
	www.eamt.org /mtni/3.html (10130 words)

	Business Wire: Local Driver Training and Safety Institute Transport the World to Fayette County, Pa
		The representatives are members of EuroTra, which is an association that trains 250,000 professional drivers per year.
		EuroTra is a non-profit international association of a governmental training agency headquartered in Belgium.
		EuroTra and TUR chose CM-DTSI as a partner due to its expertise as the most advanced institute of its kind, possessing unique driver training preventative technology that is at the cutting-edge of the industry.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2001_June_6/ai_75303273 (754 words)

	ILSP - R&D projects - EUROTRA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		EUROTRA aimed at the creation of a Machine Translation laboratory prototype from and to nine EU languages.
		Within the framework of this project the Greek team acquired valuable experience and expertise in computational linguistics and it developed formalism specifications for the following: Greek language analysis and synthesis grammars, language transfer grammars, a monolingual electronic dictionary for Greek, bilingual dictionaries and transfer grammars from English, French, German, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese into Greek.
		The formal framework was the one provided by ETS (EUROTRA Translation System).
	www.ilsp.gr /eurotra_eng.html (84 words)

	National Centre for Language Technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The decision by the EU, in 1988, to nominate DCU as the Irish research base for the Eurotra Machine Translation R&D project posed a major challenge to the university.
		DCU set up Eurotra Ireland within what was then the School of Applied Languages; the centre evolved and was awarded the National Centre for Language Technology by the Irish Government in 1990 with Dr.
		Initially the NCLT was the terminology hub for the entire Eurotra project and a prime mover in instigating investigation into the relevance of sublanguage research for machine translation.
	www.compapp.dcu.ie /research/nclt/history.html (291 words)

	The Inflexible Fickleness of Fashion
		Often, MT was used as an application of choice for a variety of workers to test and attempt to corroborate their theories of language and of human thinking capacity.
		It is characteristic that the final report of the Eurotra project listed as its major success the creation of computational-linguistic infrastructure in the countries of the European Community deemphasizing the fact that no realistic MT system was built under its auspices.
		Is the Eurotra case prototypical for the entire field of MT? One of the problems with the field has been that the descriptive work is, frankly, rather monotonous and boring.
	crl.nmsu.edu /Publications/nirenburg/craig.html (1149 words)

	Machine Translation
		Eurotra's Interface Structure (IS) representation is not a semantic representation.
		Treatment of collocations within Eurotra is limited to the support verb constructions.
		Gro81], in Eurotra the main function of the support verbs is to provide with tense, number and person information.
	www.ilc.cnr.it /EAGLES96/rep2/node31.html (2482 words)

	From Syntax to Semantics by I. P. Schmidt (ed.), E. H. Steiner (ed.), C. Zelinsky-Wibbelt (ed.) - Books - Intellect
		This book is written in the context of the Machine Translation (MT) project EUROTRA, so far the greatest multilingual MT-project putting special emphasis on the definition of semantic representation.
		EUROTRA develops a transfer based, unification-based MT-system with a strict division between software and linguistic specifications.
		The linguistic design of the system is stratificational insofar as the processes of analysis and synthesis consist of the translation between several linguistically motivated levels.
	www.intellectbooks.co.uk /ppbooks.php?isbn=0893915262 (285 words)

	Personal Webpage Paul SchmidtJavaScript-Test
		A Syntactic Description of a Fragment of German in the Eurotra Framework, in: Steiner/Schmidt/Zelinsky, 1988.
		Eurotra Relational Structure (ERS), in: The Eurotra Reference Manual, Luxembourg (1989), ms.
		Introduction: Eurotra and General MT - Theory, in: The Eurotra Reference Manual, Luxembourg (1990), ms.
	www.fask.uni-mainz.de /user/schmidtp/publica.html (890 words)

	gilcUB (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Our Director, Dr. Ramon Cerdà, Professor of General Linguistics at the University of Barcelona, and Dr. Montserrat Meya were asked by the Ministerio de Educación in 1986, just after Spain joined the European Community, of setting up the research unit for developing Spanish modules.
		From October 1987 on the group grew gradually and in December that year another group was constituted at the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM) under the responsibility of Prof.
		Basic and applied research is carried out in the following areas: development of large monolingual and multilingual lexica, morphological analysis and generation, design and implementation of formal and computational grammars, development of computational tools for text tagging, machine translation and translation from natural language into formal languages.
	www.ub.es /gilcub/ingles/gilcub/presentation.html (251 words)

	lim \| monitor \| article: The Spirit of Eurotra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Commission technology boosters would obviously love to hear that the system is a direct spinoff of the Eurotra program, while Eurotra insiders would shudder at the thought of producrion software based too closely on that unwieldy collective effort.
		feat, then, is not that it somehow recycled Eurotra technology, thereby putting something back in the communal kitty, but that it has been able to capitalize on the human resources cultivated during the Eurotra years.
		But whereas Eurotra was by definition designed to be as general as possible to accommodate all potential language pairs, PaTrans was expressly designed and heavily optimized for just one language pair, going in only one direction.
	www.lim.nl /monitor/patrans.html (1945 words)

	Linguistic Specifications for NLP, REFMAN
		The starting point of this prject was the EUROTRA reference manual which had created a number of practically useful linguistic descriptions for multilingual machine translation.
		The general purpose of this project was to investigate the suitability of existing linguistic specifications especially those of the EUROTRA Reference Manual (RM) 7.0, for their general usefulness in NL processing.
		The EUROTRA RM is a resource which was assessed useful and valuable for future projects and industrial developments in the area of MT and other applications (see Oakley EUROTRA Evaluation Report).
	www.essex.ac.uk /linguistics/clmt/group/projects/Refman (1079 words)

	Valerio Allegranza's Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Within the Eurotra project, I held the offices of member of the international team in charge of inter-linguistic specifications.
		Beside general aspects of the linguistics for machine translation, I addressed especially the treatment of unbounded dependency constructions.
		fter the end of Eurotra (1992), I was involved in several EC-sponsored research projects dealing with constraint-based grammar formalisms for natural language processing.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Academy/3782 (177 words)

	Eurotra - TheBestLinks.com - European Community, European Commission, Greece, Italy, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Eurotra - TheBestLinks.com - European Community, European Commission, Greece, Italy,...
		Eurotra, European Community, European Commission, Greece, Italy, Machine...
		You can add this article to your own "watchlist" and receive e-mail notification about all changes in this page.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Eurotra.html (214 words)

	Steven Krauwer
		Participation in the CEC's MT Project EUROTRA from 1980 until it ended in 1993.
		In the second half of the 80s most of the time was spent on organisational issues (cf below).
		After the end of EUROTRA I took up the topic of evaluation (cf [5]), and this work was continued via participation in TEMAA (LRE-2 project on evaluation), and my participation in one of the EAGLES subgroups on standards and evaluation.
	www.let.uu.nl /~ctl/docenten/krauwer.html (397 words)

	[MT-List] Eurotra
		As well as the non-technical articles mentioned by Colin Brace, you will find substantial information about Eurotra of a more technical nature (with numerous references) in the book I wrote with Harold Somers: "An introduction to machine translation" (Academic Press, 1992) pages 239-258, The book is available in most UK academic libraries.
		The final review took place in 1993; and the final report from the EC, which summed up the project, appeared in 1994 ("Final evaluation of the results of Eurotra" COM (94) 69).
		From the EC viewpoint the research of Eurotra was continued in the subsequent Language Engineering projects.
	www.mail-archive.com /mt-list@eamt.org/msg00402.html (222 words)

	CCL: EUROTRA
		Eurotra had two aims: (1) to develop a prototype for machine translation between the languages of the European Community (Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish); (2) to stimulate research in computational linguistics in the EC Member States.
		The project started in 1982, after four years of preparatory activities.
		They are a summary of the Eurotra Reference Manual, which is currently being rewritten in terms of a TFS-formalism (see the Linguistic Specifications project).
	www.ccl.kuleuven.ac.be /about/EUROTRA.html (312 words)

	My Homepage
		Since I joined Eurotra (a huge EU funded MT project), back in 1987, I've been devoted to the compelling task of processing Natural Language.
		For several exciting years, I worked in the implementation of computational grammars for Spanish, in Eurotra and later in two other EU projects (TRADE and LS-GRAM) (check http://www.ub.es/gilcub/).
		Around 1996, when interest in MT was declining and money was going elsewhere, I turned to computational lexicons.
	research.microsoft.com /~maitem (614 words)

	Re: [MT-List] Eurotra
		There are numerous (non-technical) articles on Eurotra (and various spinoffs) in the archives of Language Industry Monitor, the newsletter I published from 1991 through 1996.
		The are indexed by Google, and if you perform the following query: http://www.google.com/search?q=site:lim.nl+eurotraandnum=50andhl=enandfilter=0 you will get a whole list of articles on Eurotra or which mentioned it.
		They will give you a general idea of what happened to it.
	www.mail-archive.com /mt-list@eamt.org/msg00401.html (132 words)

	Foreignword.com - Article by John Hutchins / Part 2
		But the best known systems adopting the ‘transfer’ approach were research projects: Ariane at GETA in Grenoble, an MT project going back to the 1960s, and Eurotra funded by the Commission of the European Communities.
		As for Eurotra, it was undoubtedly one of the most sophisticated systems, but after involving some hundred of researchers in most countries of Western Europe for almost a decade, it failed to produce the working system that the sponsors wanted.
		It had been hoped that Eurotra would eventually replace the Systran systems that the Commission had acquired and was developing internally.
	www.foreignword.com /Technology/art/Hutchins/hutchins99_2.htm (907 words)

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