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Topic: Eusthenopteron

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	Eusthenopteron - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Eusthenopteron was a genus of lobe-finned fish which has attained an iconic status from its close relationships to tetrapods.
		Eusthenopteron's notoriety comes from the pattern of its fin endoskeleton, which bears a distinct humerus, ulna, and radius (in the fore-fin) and femur, tibia, and fibulare (in the pelvic fin).
		Eusthenopteron differs significantly from later Carboniferous tetrapods in the apparent absence of a recognized larval stage and a definitive metamorphosis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eusthenopteron (397 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates 140.860 Sarcopterygii: Osteolepiformes: Eusthenopteron
		Eusthenopteron is the gold standard for osteolepiforms, the Morganucodon of sarcopterygians, and, in fact, probably the best known Paleozoic vertebrate of any taxon, bar none.
		Eusthenopteron remains are known by the hundred from the Frasnian Escuminac Formation of Quebec, Canada.
		Note: [1] "In Eusthenopteron (a representative osteolepiform) and the tetrapods, each nasal cavity consists of a junction of three ducts (surrounded by bone) which mutually connect the external naris (homologous with the anterior naris of most fish), orbit (eye socket), and internal naris (choana, which opens into the mouth cavity en route to the trachea).
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/140Sarcopterygii/140.860.html (1559 words)

	Past lives: Chronicles of Canadian Paleontology - Eusthenopteron - the Prince of Miguasha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Packed inside was a superb half-metre long specimen of Eusthenopteron -- virtually complete and preserved in three-dimensions -- a fish that died 380 million years ago, but in appearance not much different from one lying on a fishmonger's slab.
		His preparation of the paired belly fins showed that the front fin was supported by bones identifiable as a humerus, ulna and radius, and the rear fins by a femur, fibula and tibia.
		Clearly, the fins of Eusthenopteron contained the bones of the paired limbs of all tetrapods, although bones distal to a wrist or ankle are not present.
	gsc.nrcan.gc.ca /paleochron/22_e.php (502 words)

	InfoHub - Eusthenopteron - A Lungfish of Long Ago
		Eusthenopteron was a fish of the Devonian period.
		Eusthenopteron is classified as being in the order Osteolepiforms and the family Tritiscopteridae.
		Eusthenopteron also had a skull rooting bone pattern that was similar to Acanthostega, Ichthyostega, and other tetrapods.
	www.infohub.com /forums/showthread.php?t=8021 (560 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates 140.830 Sarcopterygii: Osteolepiformes (2)
		This obviously represents an inadequate sample, since Eusthenopteron is itself a tristichopterid, not a basal "osteolepid" at all.
		(1996), the separation between anterior and posterior braincase is as distinct in Panderichthys as it is in Eusthenopteron.
		Eusthenopteron has vertebrae with an even looser pattern than Osteolepis, but with a short rib stabilizing the connection between intercentra and neural arches.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/140Sarcopterygii/140.830.html (1844 words)

	Fall'96Syllabus
		In Eusthenopteron (a representative osteolepiform) and the tetrapods, each nasal cavity consists of a junction of three ducts (surrounded by bone) which mutually connect the external naris (homologous with the anterior naris of most fish), orbit (eye socket), and internal naris (choana, which opens into the mouth cavity en route to the trachea).
		The small size of the external naris in Eusthenopteron suggests that the primary adaptive benefit of the choana was improved smelling capability; most respiration was would still have been conducted through the mouth.
		As compared to Eusthenopteron and Panderichthys, a major development in Acanthostega is in the modification of bony fins to form a limb with digits (8 fingers were found on a preserved forelimb).
	ijolite.geology.uiuc.edu /00FallClass/geo143/lect/lect12.html (1075 words)

	Acanthostega
		They lived in shallow fresh waters in the Carboniferous swamps and used their fleshy lobed fins to crawl on the muddy bottoms of fresh water ponds and perhaps esturaries.
		One of the best known fossils was Eusthenopteron, and this animal represented an advanced fish that had all the necessary structures as well as living in shallow waters near land to be the ancestor to land vertebrates.
		Ichthyostega was an ancient extinct amphibian with four legs and a fish-like tail fin.
	www.sonic.net /~evolve/creation/acanthostega.htm (622 words)

	Are There No Transitional Forms?
		Eusthenopteron shared the same intricate pattern of skull bones as the Icthyostegids, including the presense of internal nostrils, which are found only in osteolepiform fish and later amphibians.
		Eusthenopteron also had robust fin bones homologous with the limbs of the earliest tetrapods.
		For instance, the dorsal and anal fins have disappeared in Panderichthys, leaving only the four bony fins (pectoral and pelvic) which later become legs; the fin bones themselves show a striking similarity to the tetrapod pattern of humerus, ulna and radius in the forelimb and femur, tibia and fibula in the hindlimb.
	www.geocities.com /earthhistory/tran.htm (7156 words)

	Animals of the Swamps: Science Key Stage 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		As we have seen, the lobe-finned fishes such as Eusthenopteron, coelocanths, and many other fossil fishes had fins with fleshy muscular bases, and some of them also had lungs.
		These fins were quite strong, and palaeontologists believe that a fish such as Eusthenopteron may have needed to crawl from pond to pond during drought.
		Eusthenopteron would presumably have used its fins to support itself, while it wriggled forwards with twisting movements of its body, just as the present-day mudskippers do.
	www.standishchs.wigan.sch.uk /html/science/PREHIST/PAGE13.HTM (479 words)

	Fall'96Syllabus
		(Bony fin axes are present in all sarcopterygians, and paired lungs are found in the lungfishes of Africa and South America along with numerous extinct groups, such as the osteolepiforms and panderichthyids, examplified by Eusthenopteron and Panderichthys, respectively, on the cladogram of chordate phylogeny.
		In Eusthenopteron and tetrapods, each nasal cavity consists of a junction of three ducts (surrounded by bone) which mutually connect the external naris (homologous with the anterior naris of most fish), orbit (eye socket), and internal naris (choana, which opens into the mouth cavity en route to the trachea).
		As compared to rhipidistian fish (such as Eusthenopteron), a major development in Acanthostega is in the modification of bony fins to form a limb with digits (8 fingers were found on a preserved forelimb).
	ijolite.geology.uiuc.edu /00SummerClass/geo143/lectures/lect07.html (1083 words)

	[No title]
		Eusthenopteron has the same pattern of skill bones as Icthyostega.
		Eusthenopteron has internal nostrils, which are found only in land animals and sarcopterygians (a greater taxonomic group encompassing lungfish and crossopterygians).
		Eusthenopteron has a two-part cranium (icthyostegids are the only other vertebrates to have this characteristic)
	www.vuletic.com /hume/cefec/5-1.html (422 words)

	DINOFISH.COM - Weird Bodies Frozen in Time
		The coelacanth appears to be a cousin of Eusthenopteron, the fish once credited with growing legs and coming ashore-360 million years ago.
		Two back, or dorsal, fins and one protruding beneath the nape of the tail are complimented by paired lobed pectoral and pelvic fins.
		While coelacanths have not been observed to "walk" on the bottom, their pectoral and pelvic fins can be seen as "pre-adaptations" to land locomotion.
	www.dinofish.com /biol.htm (915 words)

	Late Devonian Carboniferous amphibians Xenacanthus eusthenopteron Ichthyostega acanthostega crassigyrnius eogryrinius
		The age of the Amphibians, in the Late Devonian the first amphibians show up on the Euro American continent and appear to be restricted there until the Middle Permian.
		Eusthenopteron was thought to be close to the hypothetical ancestor of amphibians.
		There is a general but not exact correspondence of the pectoral bones in the fins to the amphibian foot.
	www.dinosaurcollector.150m.com /carboniferous.html (455 words)

	Protected Areas Programme - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Of particular importance is the presence of the crossopterygian group, typified by Eusthenopteron foordi and Elpistostege watsoni.
		Nicknamed the 'Prince of Miguasha', the Eusthenopteron, which share many characteristics with the tetrapods, have largely resulted in the focused attention of the international scientific community on the Escuminac Formation.
		Indeed, it was the discovery and study of Eusthenopteron which notably gave rise to the modern conception of evolution from fish to terrestrial tetrapod vertebrates.
	www.unep-wcmc.org /protected_areas/data/wh/miguasha.html (1938 words)

	A Strange Fish Indeed: The “Discovery” of a Living Fossil - Case Teaching Notes - Case Study Collection - ...
		Handout II is included to illustrate an overview of vertebrate evolution and to highlight the position of the coelacanth and its evolutionary relatives (i.e., Eusthenopteron) in this tree.
		Eusthenopteron and coelacanths share many anatomical features, the most important being the lobed fins that were thought to be the precursors to arms and legs in terrestrial organisms.
		As with the taxonomic classification of coelacanths, evolutionary relationships between coelacanths, Eusthenopteron, and modern tetrapods is also under constant debate and revision.
	www.sciencecases.org /strange_fish/strange_fish_notes.asp (1690 words)

	Transitional Fossils
		Had paired fins with a leg-like arrangement of major limb bones, capable of flexing at the "elbow", and had an early-amphibian-like skull and teeth.
		Eusthenopteron, Sterropterygion (mid-late Devonian) -- Early rhipidistian lobe-finned fish roughly intermediate between early crossopterygian fish and the earliest amphibians.
		Eusthenopteron is best known, from an unusually complete fossil first found in 1881.
	www.angelfire.com /tx4/thedoc/fossils.html (686 words)

	[No title]
		Some of these fish (notably Eusthenopteron) have bones in their paired fins that are very similar to the bones of tetrapod limbs.
		Specifically, they have a single bone (similar to the humerus or femur) followed by paired bones (similar to the radius and ulna or fibula and tibia of tetrapods).
		What Eusthenopteron lacks are digits - having fin rays instead (although Sauripterus (a very recent discovery) is a closely related fish that does have 8 digits just like the earliest amphibians- see the illustration).
	www.gate.net /~rwms/EvoLimb.html (689 words)

	InfoHub - Eusthenopteron - A Lungfish of Long Ago
		Eusthenopteron had the capability to come onto the land.
		The humerus was L-shaped and flattened, with accessory foramina like those found in Icthyostega.
		June 29th, 2006 10:12 PM Fossil Photograph of Eusthenopteron sp.
	www.infohub.com /forums/printthread.php?t=8021 (588 words)

	Yet another 'missing link' fails to qualify
		Side-by-side are the rhipidistian fish Eusthenopteron and the amphibian Ichthyostega, the latter fossil having been found in the ‘Upper Devonian’; strata of East Greenland.
		To confirm that this fish Eusthenopteron and amphibian Ichthyostega were not the transitional fossils (or ‘missing links’) claimed to have been found recently, I went to the textbooks on vertebrate palaeontology.
		They also described some resemblances of the forelimb skeleton of Acanthostega to the pectoral fin skeleton of Eusthenopteron, the similarities being viewed by the researchers in the context of the evolution of the tetrapod limb bones from the fin-bones of lobe-finned fishes (see Figure 2).
	www.answersingenesis.org /creation/v15/i3/missinglink.asp (2432 words)

	Gogonasus
		Until 2006, the closest known kin of the fishapods were the tristichopterids ("tristis" for short), a widespread clan of freshwater meat-eaters that include the famous Eusthenopteron, often seen as a fish-amphibian missing link in old textbooks.
		Some of the bones of the pectoral fin more closely resemble those of fishapods than tristis with a flattened rather than cylindrical humerus and a tapering rather than hourglass shaped radius.
		The spiracular chamber is a perfect intermediate between the deep structure of tristichopterids and the narrow, horizontally aligned condition in elpistostegalians.
	www.geocities.com /ozraptor4/gogonasus.html (768 words)

	Section 5: Fossils and Transitional Forms
		REPLY: The crossopterygian fish Eusthenopteron is linked to the early amphibian Icthyostega by a number of characteristics:
		(ii) Eusthenopteron has internal nostrils, which are found only in land animals and sarcopterygians (a greater taxonomic group encompassing lungfish and crossopterygians).
		It should be of no comfort to creationists that we do not have millions of transitional fossils - just as one angel would refute naturalism, one fossil of Eusthenopteron (much less Archaeopteryx or Basilosaurus isis) is enough to refute creationism.
	www.dslextreme.com /users/vuletic/hume/cefec/5.html (2604 words)

	LIE #13 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		He wouldn't dare spend much time on recent evidence for a 'missing link', now would he.
		Eusthenopteron was not a coelocanth, but a rhipidistian lobe finned fish, clearly of a differend kind from a coelocanth.
		Perhaps if Milton went back to the days of the ancient Greeks, he could find even more egregious errors to pick on, just to discredit evolution and science in general.
	www.sonic.net /~evolve/creation/lie13.htm (324 words)

	Book of Life: Chapter 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		There is a broad resemblance between the bones in the paired fins of rhipidistian fishes, such as Osteolepis and its relative Eusthenopteron, and in the equivalent limbs of amphibians.
		In the pectoral fin skeleton of Eusthenopteron it is possible to recognize the humerus (upper arm bone), radius, and ulna (forearm bones), and there is a less reliable match with some of the wrist and finger bones.
		She concluded that Eusthenopteron could swing its forelimb back and forward through only 2025 degrees, with most of its movement at the shoulder joint.
	oscar.ctc.edu /access/geology100/life3.html (21310 words)

	LiveScience.com - Human Ears Evolved from Ancient Fish Gills
		They compared these structures to those of another lobe-finned fish and to an early land animal and determined that Panderichthys displays a transitional form.
		In the other fish, Eusthenopteron, a small bone called the hyomandibula developed a kink and obstructed the gill opening, called a spiracle.
		However, in early land animals such as the tetrapod Acanthostega, this bone has receded, creating a larger cavity in what is now part of the middle ear in humans and other animals.
	www.livescience.com /animalworld/060119_breathing_ears.html (472 words)

	The Lancelet: Tiktaalik rosae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		What is bothering me about this cladogram is that Panderichthys seems far more fish-like than Eusthenopteron.
		Looking at the illustrations of their fins, Panderichthys lacks the bony finger-like structure that is apparent in Eusthenopteron as well as in Tiktaalik, Acanthostega, and Icthyostega.
		The relationships of these animals is based on more than simply an analysis of fin structure.
	lancelet.blogspot.com /2006/04/tiktaalik-rosae.html (1878 words)

	So called Transition from fish to amphibians
		Eusthenopteron's fins seem less foot like than those of Osteolepis.
		(See above) However the pectoral fin skeletons of all osteolepiform fish (including Osteolepis and Eusthenopteron) are nearly identical and follow general patterning that is more like tetrapods than like any ray-finned fish but such similarities are not by themselves sufficent to proove ancestory without substancal intermediate froms.
		It simply show that there some traits were once spread between classes of animals that are narrower today do to extinction.
	genesismission.4t.com /transition/fish-amphibians.html (649 words)

	Devonian Period--Lobefins, Lungfish, Amphibians, and Tetrapod Evolution , Educational Resources for K-16
		A table is provided that includes the names of the known "transitional" tetrapods (four-legged animals) with links to summaries and Web sites for those animals.
		For example, you can choose More about lobefin fishes (including Eusthenopteron), Icthyostega, or Acanthostega for information about two of the more famous Devonian transitional tetrapods.
		Technical summary of the evolution of terrestrial vertebrates with an introduction, classification, characterization, information on the evolution of limbs, and a cladogram from which you can pick specific taxon.
	www.uky.edu /KGS/education/Devonian.htm (492 words)

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