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Topic: Euthanasia in The Netherlands

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	Netherlands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Netherlands (Dutch: Nederland) (IPA: [ˈne:dərlɑnt]) is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Dutch: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden), which consists of the Netherlands, the Netherlands Antilles, and Aruba.
		The Netherlands is a densely populated and geographically low-lying country and is popularly known for its windmills, cheese, clogs (wooden shoes), dikes, tulips, bicycles and social tolerance.
		The Netherlands has been a parliamentary democracy since 1848 and a constitutional monarchy since 1815; before that it had been a republic from 1581 to 1806 and a kingdom between 1806 and 1810 (it was part of France between 1810 and 1813).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Netherlands (4876 words)

	Euthanasia in Holland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Voluntary euthanasia is performed by, or at the autonomous request of, an informed and competent patient.
		In the Netherlands this phrase, however, is not used; the word "euthanasia" simply implying voluntary euthanasia, since if it is not voluntary it is not regarded in the Netherlands as euthanasia.
		In the Netherlands, the practice is an injection to render the patient comatose, followed by a second injection to stop the heart.
	www.euthanasia.cc /dutch.html (3370 words)

	Current euthanasia law in the Netherlands
		Euthanasia has been known to be regularly practised in the Netherlands since 1973, even though Article 293 of the Penal Code provided that a person who takes the life of another person at that person's 'express and serious' request was punishable by imprisonment for a maximum of 12 years or by fine.
		Euthanasia must be performed in accordance with 'careful medical practice', that is, the previously listed official guidelines are to continue to be observed.
		Accepting the euthanasia of minors 12 years of age and older seriously overestimates the capacity of such persons to evaluate the meaning and consequences of a request to be killed.
	www.catholiceducation.org /articles/euthanasia/eu0021.html (2416 words)

	Euthanasia
		A counter-argument made by euthanasia proponents is that a system of intensive counseling and extensive assessment could safeguard the process - such as the guidelines for euthanasia in the Netherlands.
		If euthanasia is an option, they may now feel forced to justify their decision to remain alive, and this at a time when they may be least able to do so.
		Additionally, euthanasia may also result in a loss of individual autonomy because the final choice and power rests not with the patient, but with the physician who is the final authorizer of the lethal injection.
	www.inplainsite.org /html/euthanasia.html (5738 words)

	Euthanasia Practices in the Netherlands
		Euthanasia in the Netherlands has gone from requiring terminal illness to no physical illness at all, from physical suffering to depression only, from conscious patients to unconscious, from those who can consent to those who cannot, and from being a measure of last resort to one of early intervention.
		Euthanasia was widely developed in defiance of the statute law, though with apparent community approval, to be later rationalised by court determinations.
		First, in legalising euthanasia, one has to contend with what has been described as ‘the tendency of a principle to expand itself to the limit of its logic’, and second, attempting to make law in the absence of a full understanding of its consequences is highly dangerous.
	catholiceducation.org /articles/euthanasia/eu0014.html (2985 words)

	Ethics Bibliography The Netherlands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In the Netherlands, euthanasia and assisted suicide are formally forbidden by criminal law, but, under certain strictly formulated conditions, physicians are excused for administering these to patients on the basis of necessity.
		Euthanasia is the termination of the life of a patient by a doctor at the request of the patient.
		Besides the practice of euthanasia the Dutch are confronted with the gaps in reporting of cases to the public prosecutor and the existence of cases of ending a life without an explicit request.
	www.hospicecare.com /Ethics/netherlands.htm (8947 words)

	lifeissues.net \| Euthanasia: Unpacking the Debate
		Euthanasia was defined as the intentional shortening of life, by act or omission, on the grounds that it is not worth living.
		A doctor who supports euthanasia will therefore distinguish between those patients who have reason to want to die, because their lives are not worth living, and those patients who do not have reason to want to die, because their lives are worth living, in the doctor's estimation.
		While the doctor may defend euthanasia in terms of the autonomy of the patient, he or she in fact believes that only some patients -- namely, those whose lives are not worth living -- should be helped to exercise autonomy by choosing to be killed.
	www.lifeissues.net /writers/watt/watt_06euthanasia.html (2758 words)

	17:1 Update: The Legalization of Euthanasia in the Netherlands by Henk Jochemsen - Ethics & Medicine
		So far euthanasia is prohibited in the Penal Code and in individual cases the physician must be able to prove that he fulfilled the requirements in order to successfully appeal to the defense of necessity.
		Fourth, accepting the euthanasia of minors 12 years of age and older seriously overestimates the capacity of such persons to evaluate the meaning and consequences of a request to be killed.
		Fifth, legalizing the euthanasia declaration designed to permit a competent patient to request euthanasia in advance, should he or she later become incompetent, is likely to foster a broadening of the requirement of ‘unbearable suffering’ to ‘loss of dignity’.
	www.ethicsandmedicine.com /17/1/17-1-update.htm (2787 words)

	Euthanasia in the Netherlands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The brevity of the sentence and the fact that it was later suspended indicated the court's acceptance of euthanasia for reasons of unbearable suffering produced by terminal illness.
		The State Commission on Euthanasia reported that euthanasia should be restricted to cases in which a patient who is "suffering unbearably" expresses a voluntary wish for death.
		The Dutch Society for Voluntary Euthanasia issued a proposal in which it suggested that assisted suicide and euthanasia should be permitted for elderly persons who feel as if their lives have already been completed or are no longer meaningful.
	www.nrlc.org /news/1999/NRL999/slope.html (763 words)

	Euthanasia in the Netherlands
		However, Oregon was not the first government to allow euthanasia, on the contrary, doctors in the Netherlands had been practicing euthanasia for 12 years, beginning in 1984.
		The Netherlands, therefore, became the global focus to see if euthanasia would fall down a “slippery slope,” what the opposition says about legalizing euthanasia that more and more patients will be euthanised against their will.
		Activists against euthanasia see the slight increases in deaths as a warning signal, yet supporters agree that the trends are not significant data to prove anything.
	www.msu.edu /~rundlejo/atl/review3.html (698 words)

	CBHD: Legalization of Euthanasia in the Netherlands - Henk Jochemsen
		All cases of euthanasia must be reported to and evaluated by regional committees composed of a lawyer, physician and an ethicist/philosopher.
		The coroner attending to a euthanasia case must send his or her report to the Public Prosecutor, as well as to the regional euthanasia committee.
		Fourth, accepting the euthanasia of minors 12-18 years of age seriously overestimates the capacity of such persons to evaluate the meaning and consequences of a request to be killed.
	www.cbhd.org /resources/endoflife/jochemsen_2000-11-29.htm (1038 words)

	Euthanasia Legalized in The Netherlands
		IN THE NETHERLANDS, which is often in the forefront of liberal social movements, euthanasia has been practiced for some time, although its legal status was ambiguous.
		Some observers have charged that the regulations already governing euthanasia are being ignored in some Dutch hospitals and that the new law will be abused.
		Euthanasia, mercy killing, and suicide are all strongly condemned by Islam.
	www.infoplease.com /spot/euthanasia1.html (611 words)

	BBC News \| EUROPE \| Dutch legalise euthanasia
		The Netherlands has become the first country in the world to legalise mercy killing after a controversial law on euthanasia came into force on Monday.
		The legislation allows patients experiencing unbearable suffering to request euthanasia, and doctors who carry out such a mercy killing to be free from the threat of prosecution, provided they have followed strict procedures.
		The Netherlands Voluntary Euthanasia Society is also debating whether elderly people should be prescribed a suicide pill to be able to end their own lives when they feel the time is right.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/1904789.stm (542 words)

	Euthanasia: Where the Netherlands leads will the world follow? - LifeCanada
		Euthanasia and, to a much lesser extent, physician assisted suicide have been socially accepted and openly practised in the Netherlands for about two decades.
		Even though the current movement is based on the idea that euthanasia should occur only at the patient's own request and opinion polls suggest public support, the legacy of Nazi euthanasia for racial purification, sanctioned by the state and committed by a willing medical profession, makes many German physicians and politicians loath to consider it.
		Focusing on euthanasia and physician assisted suicide means diverting effort away from the more mundane but consequential activities necessary to improve end of life care for the 90% or more of dying patients who will never even vaguely desire euthanasia.
	www.lifecanada.org /html/science/euthanasia/netherlands.htm (791 words)

	Euthanasia in The Netherlands (English version s1)
		The new law on Euthanasia here in The Netherlands, regulating that physicians may, after careful professional consideration, perform 'active euthanasia' on patients, that request for it, is the result of thirty years of discussion about four developments within the Dutch society.
		Euthanasia was practised in some ancient civilizations, as for instance in the Grecian, but surely not in the Jewish culture.
		The new Dutch law on euthanasia and aid by self-killing includes, of course, professional and medical procedures for physicians, that have to be strictly obeyed by them.
	home.tiscali.nl /~tdruiter/euth01e.htm (1562 words)

	Euthanasia
		Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide: Seven Reasons Why They Should Not Be Legalized An edited version of a Submission made by Luke Gormally to the Senate Legal and Constitutional Legislation Committee in Australia.
		Euthanasia in the Territory Bill Uren SJ reviews some developments in the euthanasia debate in Australia.
		Euthanasia: The Debate Continues Sponsored by the Institute of Practical Philosophy at Malaspina University-College in British Columbia, Canada.
	www.shc.edu /theolibrary/euthan.htm (603 words)

	The Netherlands Euthanasia Legislation (Research Note 31 2000-2001)
		With respect to minors aged between 16 and 18, the legislation provides that a physician may comply with a request where they are deemed to be capable of making a reasonable appraisal of their own interests and the physician consults with the parent/s or guardian of the minor.
		The Netherlands Ministry of Justice believes that it is not possible for people to come from other countries to seek termination of life or assistance with suicide in the Netherlands because of the legislation's procedural requirements.
		It is partly contained in the fierce parliamentary debates on the Euthanasia Laws Bill 1996, and in the equally fierce public debates in response to that legislative initiative and the political dynamics surrounding its passage.
	www.aph.gov.au /library/pubs/rn/2000-01/01RN31.htm (1143 words)

	Euthanasia in the Netherlands
		Since euthanasia, though commonly practiced in Holland, had not yet been legalized the psychiatrist was charged in her death.
		In a series of cases over the last twenty years, the Dutch Courts have ruled that euthanasia is permitted when a doctor faces an irresolvable conflict between the law, which made euthanasia illegal, and his responsibility to help a patient whose "irremediable suffering makes euthanasia necessary".
		Before 1991 it was difficult to obtain facts about the incidence of euthanasia in Holland, because the KNMG had chosen a very narrow definition of the word.
	www.euthanasia.com /netherlands.html (1428 words)

	Involuntary Euthanasia is Out of Control in Holland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Hague -- Euthanasia in The Netherlands is "beyond effective control", according to a report which shows that one in five assisted suicides is without explicit consent.
		British opponents of assisted suicide say that the figures are a warning of the dangers of decriminalising euthanasia, as Holland did in 1984.
		By 1995 cases of euthanasia and assisted suicide in Holland had risen to almost 3 per cent of all deaths.
	www.euthanasia.com /holland99.html (426 words)

	Euthanasia: where the Netherlands leads will the world follow? -- Emanuel 322 (7299): 1376 -- BMJ
		Euthanasia and, to a much lesser extent, physician assisted suicide have been socially accepted and openly practised in the
		of all deaths are by euthanasia and physician assisted suicide.
		Attitudes and desires related to euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide among terminally ill patients and their caregivers.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/322/7299/1376 (862 words)

	lifeissues.net \| Euthanasia practices in the Netherlands
		The public era of euthanasia in the Netherlands began in 1973,(1) when two significant events occurred.
		The guidelines when carrying out euthanasia were formally published by both the government and the Royal Dutch Medical Association (KNMG) in 1984 and in 1987.(3) They required that the request be voluntary, well-considered and durable, that there be unacceptable suffering and that a second doctor be consulted.
		For example, regarding a well-considered request, a study by van der Wal in 1990(4) showed that the interval between the first request and euthanasia was no more than a day in 13% of cases, no more than a week in another 35% and had been as short as a few hours.
	www.lifeissues.net /writers/pol/pol_03euthnetherland.html (737 words)

	International Task Force - Euthanasia in the Netherlands
		In the interview she said she is not opposed to providing a suicide pill for the elderly.
		Van Oijen's euthanasia practice was favorably featured on Dutch and American television in 1994.(see: Dutch TV airs a real euthanasia death.)
		Euthanasia in the Netherlands Documented fact sheet on Dutch euthanasia practice through 3/94
	www.internationaltaskforce.org /holland.htm (563 words)

	Mercy Killing in the Netherlands: Euthanasia or Eugenics?
		In Nazi Germany euthanasia became an obsession, eventually resulting in the belief in eugenics or the achievement of a genetically “superior” race.
		Seeing euthanasia as an outgrowth of Nazi ideology, fused with the United Nations’ population control policies in the 1970’s, over 70,000 doctors chose to adhere to the Declaration on Euthanasia:
		And as we have seen with the Nazi analogy, all members of a multi-ethnic society should be concerned with the attempts to deem certain groups “inferior” and unworthy of life.
	www.intellectualconservative.com /article4040.html (965 words)

	Euthanasia in the Netherlands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This set a precedent, and the courts quickly established a set of guidelines for when it was permissible for physicians to assist a patient in committing suicide, such as requiring certain consultations, insisting that the patient must be suffering from a terminal illness, and that the patient must request it.
		These called for the doctor to inform the patient of his condition, consult his nearest relatives (unless he objects), consult at least one other physician, keep written records, and, in the case of a child, obtain the consent of the parents or legal guardians.
		In 1990, physicians in the Netherlands were involved in 11,800 deaths, or 9% of all deaths in the country.
	www.pregnantpause.org /euth/nethhist.htm (334 words)

	CNN.com - Dutch legalise euthanasia - April 10, 2001
		Doctors are not supposed to suggest euthanasia as an option and a patient must be aware of all other medical options and have sought a second professional opinion.
		Patients can however leave a written request for euthanasia, giving doctors the right to use their own discretion when patients become too physically or mentally ill to decide for themselves.
		Being the first country to legislate euthanasia "is something to be ashamed of.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/europe/04/10/netherlands.euthanasia.03 (573 words)

	New moves to legalise euthanasia in the Netherlands - 3 June, 2000
		The Dutch Voluntary Euthanasia Society (DVES) and its supporters are campaigning for the introduction of a Euthanasia Bill into the Summer session of the Dutch Parliament.
		Although euthanasia and physician-assisted-suicide are widely performed throughout the Netherlands in hospitals, clinics and during home visits, the practice remains officially illegal.
		Euthanasia was originally envisaged by the Medical Association, to be restricted to those in the last stages of a terminal illness, but is now routinely extended to patients who suffer “psychic pain” or conditions which lead to “a deformation of personality”.
	www.newsweekly.com.au /articles/2000jun3_euth.html (596 words)

	Could Schiavo-Like Case Have Led to Euthanasia in The Netherlands?
		In 2002, the Netherlands became the first country to permit doctors to actively induce death for terminal patients who have no hope of recovery, suffer unbearable pain and ask to die.
		The Health Ministry reported 1,815 euthanasia cases in 2003 _ the latest year for which figures are available—among a population of 16 million.
		Holland, the medical association director, said the rate of euthanasia in the Netherlands is declining, as techniques in palliative care improve.
	www.sacunion.com /pages/world/articles/3551 (802 words)

	Euthanasia in the Netherlands
		Caring for and empowering the poor may not be a hot political issue, but it is one that all persons of conscience -- and Christians in particular -- should hold close to their hearts.
		A blogger who shows that you don't have to be religious or pro-life to be horrified by what's happening in the Netherlands.
		The pressing issue of the euthanasia of children in the Netherlands deserves immediate attention.
	www.markdroberts.com /htmfiles/resources/euthanasianetherlands.htm (1737 words)

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