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Topic: Evacuation of East Prussia

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	East Prussia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		East Prussia (German languageGerman: ''Ostpreußen''; Polish languagePolish: ''Prusy Wschodnie''; Russian languageRussian: ''Восточная Пруссия —'' ''Vostochnaya Prussiya'') was a province of Kingdom of Prussia, situated on the territory of former Ducal Prussia.
		East Prussia enclosed the bulk of the ancient ancestral lands of Prussian peoplethe Baltic Prussians/.
		East Prussia Population of the East Prussia in 1890
	www.infothis.com /find/East_Prussia (799 words)

	Evacuation of East Prussia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The evacuation of East Prussia includes especially the evacuation of German population from that area as well as from other Prussian lands in 1944 and 1945.
		Possibly, more than 2 million people in the eastern provinces of Germany (East Prussia, West Prussia, Pomerania) died, many of frost and starvation, but many were killed by Soviet forces.
		Also, when Soviet troops moved into Prussia, a significant number of enslaved Ostarbeiter ("Eastern workers") were freed, and knowledge of those workers' suffering certainly didn't improve the attitude of Soviet soldiers towards Prussians.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Evacuation_of_East_Prussia (529 words)

	Mayakovskoye, Kaliningrad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is located to the south east of the town of Gusev, at the banks of the Agrappa river.
		Until 1945 the village was a part of German East Prussia.
		Today the name "Nemmersdorf" is a symbol of war crimes of the Red Army, as an example of the pattern of its behavior in East Prussia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mayakovskoye,_Kaliningrad (508 words)

	EAST GERMANY FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		East Germany adopted a socialist republic and became part of the Warsaw_Pact, while West Germany became a liberal parliamentary republic and part of NATO.
		East German economists and planners were well aware of the alleged strengths and weaknesses of their system of planned_economy.
		However, the East German press occasionally reported prosecutions of particularly egregious cases of illegal "second economy" activity, involving what are called "crimes against socialist property" and other activities that are in "conflict and contradiction with the interests and demands of society" (as one report described the situation).
	www.flowergods.com /East_Germany (4835 words)

	Evacuation of East Prussia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Ethnic cleansing of East Prussia refers to the genocidal ethnic cleansing campaign of the Red Army on the German population of East Prussia and other Prussian lands in 1944 and 1945.
		When the Soviet army invaded the German province of East Prussia, a war crime is reported to happen in August 1944 in two East Prussian villages called Nemmersdorf (now Mayakovskoye, Kaliningrad) and Goldap.
		The Russians and Poles who were now sent to the German lands by Stalin were lied to, and told that all the nazis had originally come from East Prussia, which justified in their eyes the ethnic cleansing of the area and the subsequent annexation to Russia as the Kaliningrad Oblast.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/evacuation_of_east_prussia (409 words)

	Northeast Prussia
		In Königsberg, Elector Frederick III of Brandenburg is crowned as Frederick I, King in Prussia, against objections of the Pope.
		East Prussia and West Prussia are combined as the Province of Prussia.
		Treaty of Versailles: East Prussia is separated from the empire by the “Polish Corridor”.
	www.euronet.nl /~jlemmens/prussia.html (1040 words)

	World War 2 - Timelines - War in Europe - Eastern Europe - 1945
		East Prussia is also entered from south by Russian troops.
		The Kriegsmarine begins the evacuation by sea of hundreds of thousands of civilian refugees from East Prussia and the Danzig area, the Red Army having cut all land communications with the rest of Germany.
		The Kriegsmarine evacuates 25,000 civilian refugees from the besieged Baltic fortress of Kolberg in Pomerania.
	www.worldwar-2.net /timelines/war-in-europe/eastern-europe/eastern-europe-index-1945.htm (3137 words)

	Encyclopedia: Evacuation of East Prussia
		East Prussia (German: Ostpreu en; Polish: Prusy Wschodnie; Russian: Восточная Пруссия — Vostochnaya Prussiya) was a province of Kingdom of Prussia, situated on the territory of former Ducal Prussia.
		The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia (German: PreuÃŸen or Preussen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: PrÅ«sai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad exclave of...
		Mayakovskoye in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia (formerly Nemmersdorf), was a German village in East Prussia.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Evacuation-of-East-Prussia (1630 words)

	French Revolutionary Wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In concert with the cabinet of Vienna, Russia and Prussia had executed the first partition of Poland in 1772; and after the death of Frederick the Great, the empress Catharine and the emperor Joseph united in 1785 to effect that of European Turkey.
		On August 27, Leopold and King Frederick William II Prussia, in consultation with emigrant French nobles, issued the Declaration of Pilnitz, which declared the interest of the monarchs of Europe in the well-being of Louis and his family, and threatened vague but severe consequences if anything should befall them.
		On the Rhine frontier, General Pichegru, negotiating with the exiled Royalists, betrayed his army and forced the evacuation of Mannheim and the failure of the siege of Mayence by Jourdan.
	hackettstown.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/French_Revolutionary_Wars (2722 words)

	murder.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Royal Prussia in the west and Ducal Prussia in the east.
		East Prussia suffered greatly from World War One in damage and loss of life from the battles fought on her plains.
		East Prussia was a perilous place to be during the war years as a border area and the first footstep of a foreign
	www.exulanten.com /murder.html (3889 words)

	E.J. Emmett. The American Negro in the World War. Appendix C.
		She loses sovereignty over the northeasternmost tip of East Prussia, forty square miles north of the river Memel, and the internationalized areas about Danzig, 729 square miles, and the basin of the Saar, 738 square miles, between the western border of the Rhenish Palatinate of Bavaria and the southeast corner of Luxemburg.
		The southeastern third of East Prussia and the area between East Prussia and the Vistula north of latitude 53 degrees 3 minutes is to have its nationality determined by popular vote, 5,785 square miles, as is to be the case in part of Schleswig, 2,787 square miles.
		The northeastern corner of East Prussia, about Memel, is to be ceded by Germany to the associated powers, the former agreeing to accept the settlement made, especially as regards the nationality of the inhabitants.
	www.gwpda.org /wwi-www/Scott/SChA3.htm (9276 words)

	Documents Concerning the Destruction of the Jews of Grodno - Cologne Judgment
		The district bordered in the north and east on the General Commissariat of the Baltic Region (Reichskommissariat Ostland), to the northwest on the province of East Prussia, expanded by inclusion of the Government District Zichenau.
		A segment of the northwestern and western boundary of the district with East Prussia came under the authority of the State Frontier Police posts Tilsit in the north, with the Frontier Police Inspector in Sudauen (Suwalki), Allenstein (Frontier-Police Inspector in Lyck), and Zichenau-Schroettersburg to the south.
		The population was ethnically diverse, consisting mainly of Poles in the west, Lithuanians in the northeast, Ukrainians in the southeast and Byelorussians in the east.
	www.grodnoonline.com /P1-110.htm (22505 words)

	World War One - The Russian Campaign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Counting the troops operating in East Prussia and along the Carpathians, and the garrison of Przemysl, the Teuton army must have had two and a half million soldiers.
		During this period there was considerable activity in East Prussia, and the Courland coast was bombarded by the German Baltic squadron.
		The little conflicts in the Carpathians and in East Prussia were meant to deceive, while a great army, with an enormous number of guns of every caliber, and masses of ammunition, were being gathered.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles26/world-war-one-22.shtml (6570 words)

	Treaty Of Versailles - Poland, East Prussia and Danzig
		The proportion and the nature of the financial liabilities of Germany and Prussia which are to be borne by Poland will be determined in accordance with Article 254 of Part IX (Financial Clauses) of the present Treaty.
		The western and northern boundary of Regierungsbezirk Allenstein to its junction with the boundary between the Kreise of Oletsko and Angerburg; thence, the northern boundary of the Kreis of Oletsko to its junction with the old frontier of East Prussia.
		The proportion and nature of the financial liabilities of Germany and of Prussia to be borne by the Free City of Danzig shall be fixed in accordance with Article 254 of Part IX (Financial Clauses) of the present Treaty.
	polandpoland.com /treaty_versailles.html (3824 words)

	ODER-NEISSE LINE FACTS AND INFORMATION
		Due to recent events in occupied Poland, including brutal evacuation of 800,000 remaining people living amongst the of ruins of Warsaw after the Warsaw_Uprising, there were not many people who opposed Poland's gains from Germany on humanitarian bases, they where also perceived as a partial "compensation" for Poland's territorial losses to the Soviet Union.
		The northern part of East Prussia was directly annexed by the Soviet_Union.
		In 1952, recognition of the Oder-Neisse line as a permanent boundary was one of the conditions for the Soviet Union to agree to a reunified Germany.
	www.palfacts.com /Oder-Neisse_line (1650 words)

	Axis History Forum :: View topic - “Father, shoot me”
		When on 21 October the morning mist was still lying over the East Prussian landscape, the Soviet tanks of the 2nd battalion of the 25th tank brigade rolled down the Gumbinnen alley.
		East of the Oder special trains were bringing masses of people to the apparently protecting city of Breslau.
		On 19 January, 8 o’clock in the morning, the village teacher in the East Prussian town of Groß-Nappen, county of Osterode, came to Lilly Sternberg and raised the alarm.
	forum.axishistory.com /viewtopic.php?t=6291 (4480 words)

	Memoirs of Kurt Moser
		Forty years later, after our flight from East Prussia, two programs from this time were given to me by a former friend of Wera’s, who had kept them as mementos.
		East Prussia was a border region and therefore threatened by the Russians.
		For the moment, we were still in the East, and after four months of training at the field hospital, I was assigned to several units in Kurland [region southwest of Riga, Latvia] as a battalion medic.
	www.kmoser.com /kurt-and-ilse-memoirs.html (19602 words)

	Oder-Neisse line (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Originally Germany was to keep Szczecin/Stettin and the Poles were to get East Prussia with Königsberg/Kaliningrad, but after Stalin decided he needed Königsberg as a year round warm-water port, the Poles were given Szczecin/Stettin as compensation.
		The government of East Germany signed a treaty with Poland in 1950 recognizing the Oder-Neisse line, officially called "Border of Peace and Friendship." In a new treaty signed in 1989 between Poland and East Germany, the sea border was set.
		On November 14, 1990 as a prerequisite for the unification with East Germany, the Federal Republic of Germany amended its constitution, the Basic Law, to remove the article concerning unification of pre-war German areas, as requested by Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/O/Oder-Neisse-line.htm (1020 words)

	Prussia in History and Prussian Historic Events in the Arkansas Encyclopedia Encyclopedia of Arkansas Arkansas History ...
		The historical identity of Prussia proper lies within the Baltic borders of the Prussian amber coast (from Hel to Klaipedia).
		Brandenburg's power was declared defunct post-facto in 1947 by the Allied victors of World War II and Prussia was to all intents and purposes "deleted".
		The major Part of north-east Prussia with the port Königsberg went to Russia becoming an enclave and colony on the Baltic coast -regardless of the fact that the territories were not even connecting- out of fear that Prussia might be too much of a temptation to Germany.
	rageontheriver.8m.com /partagas.html (1869 words)

	Armed Forces Directive, 24 June 1937
		In the East, Czechoslovakia is expected to hold back temporarily, unless they are under pressure from Russia to enter prematurely, primarily by using her air force which will have been strengthened greatly by Russian aid.
		Security of the East and South borders of the Reich can temporarily be left in the hands of the border police and home reserves.
		East Prussia is to be defended, even though the political situation must reckon with the evacuation of some or most of the active military units by way of the sea into the Reich.
	www.adolfhitler.ws /lib/proc/direct370624.html (1770 words)

	ipedia.com: World War II evacuation and expulsion Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		World War II evacuation and expulsion refers to organised by German state evacuation of the German citizens from the Eastern areas overrun by Red Army.
		A large part of the population of East Prussia was murdered, men killed immediately and women tortured, raped, and then killed.
		The result of German evacuation was sanctioned by the Potsdam conference that called for further expulsion of Germans remaining outside the borders of Germany.
	www.ipedia.com /world_war_ii_evacuation_and_expulsion.html (586 words)

	EXPULSION OF GERMANS AFTER WORLD WAR II FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		At the end of the war a German resistance group called "Werewolf" was created and thus German minority was seen as threat to the security of states recently liberated from Nazi occupation.
		Even before former German territories were captured by the Red Army, around 2 million Poles from the east part of Poland (behind the Curzon_line) were expelled by the Soviets to Poland or gulag camps in Siberia.
		In this speech, Churchill also emphasised the wrongful Soviet-directed Polish incursions into Germany (that is, the land east of the Oder-Neisse_line) and the plight of millions of refugees/expellees.
	www.witwib.com /Expulsion_of_Germans_after_World_War_II (2820 words)

	Berlin: The Downfall 1945, by Anthony Beevor
		Beginning in East Prussia in January 1945, reaching a crescendo in the two-week battle for Berlin and continuing after the end of hostilities, rape ran at epidemic levels.
		East Prussia is sent by the NKVD to Stalin with some suggestions on how his own bunkers could be improved.
		East Prussia, the first enemy territory reached by the Russians, suffered even more than Berlin; its pre-1945 population of 2.2 million was reduced to 193,000.
	www.arlindo-correia.com /040702.html (14916 words)

	[No title]
		Poland will grant to persons and to means of transport coming from or destined for East Prussia the same rights as she gives to her own nationals.
		East Prussia In a stated area along the southern frontier the inhabitants will indicate by a vote the state to which they wish to belong.
		Memel: Germany renounces the territories comprised between the Baltic, the frontier of East Prussia (defined in Part II.A.v.), and the former Russo-German frontier.
	shrike.depaul.edu /~sdalen/eastern_europe_boundaries.doc (1348 words)

	EVACUATION OF POLES
		The number of the Poles to be evacuated for this purpose is to be set for the time being at 120,000; a certain decrease in this figure can be expected, since some of the evacuated Polish landowners will be used as farm laborers either in the eastern Gaue themselves or in Germany proper.
		Whereas the persons to be evacuated on account of the resettlement of the Volhynia Germans consist almost exclusively of rural population, those persons evacuated on account of the Baltic Germans are almost exclusively city dwellers.
		SS Major General Koppe states that the evacuation to be carried out for the benefit of the Volhynia Germans must be accomplished in such a manner that the operation of the farms is not interrupted.
	www.adolfhitler.ws /lib/genocide/memo400130.html (1595 words)

	Germany's Expellees and Border Changes - An Endless Dilemma? Look into one of the least-known chapters of World War II ...
		A massive October 16, 1944 Soviet offensive, which was accompanied by atrocities, such as a massacre in the East Prussian town of Nemmersdorf, triggered mass flight and evacuation.
		Actual expulsion and deportation of Germans from central Poland and the new territories started in April 1945, and from Czechoslovakia in May. All told, some 7.5 million from today's Poland and the Russian part of East Prussia were affected by flight and expulsion, of whom an estimated 1.4 million died or were killed en route.
		Its territory reached from the Pripet Marches in the east to the Elbe and today's Dresden in the west; from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Carpathians in the south.
	www.germanlife.com /Archives/1995/9506_01.html (3789 words)

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