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Topic: Evelyn Hooker

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	FLAWED STUDY
		In her 1957 report, Evelyn Hooker did not use a random sample to test the stability of homosexuals, but allowed gay rights activists to recruit those homosexuals most likely to illustrate her thesis that homosexuality is not a pathology.
		Hooker did not attempt to prove that homosexuals were normal in every way, nor does her study support the idea that homosexuals as a group are just as stable as heterosexuals.
		Hooker was relatively inexperienced in administering the Rorschach test, and this inexperience may have led to mistakes in the administration and evaluation of the Rorschach.
	www.gayconspiracy.co.uk /page14.html (4144 words)

	glbtq >> social sciences >> Hooker, Evelyn
		American psychologist Evelyn Hooker was not herself homosexual, but her pioneering studies on male homosexuality in the 1950s and 1960s challenged the "sickness" model of homosexuality then prevalent, and helped pave the way for the modern gay rights movement.
		Hooker's friends had dared her to subject them to the standard psychological exams so as to determine whether conventional wisdom regarding the degeneracy of homosexuality was true.
		Hooker concluded from her research that the patterns of homosexuality are as varied and as complex as those of heterosexuality, and that one cannot assume that homosexuals can be easily distinguished from heterosexuals on the basis of emotional and psychological adjustment.
	www.glbtq.com /social-sciences/hooker_e.html (1331 words)

	Hooker
		She was born Evelyn Gentry in North Platte, Nebraska and grew in Colorado.
		Records indicate that in the decades of 1950-1970, Evelyn Hooker pioneered and published a conceptual definition of homosexuality, changing the landscape of this sexual behavior from one of pathology to a normal type of sexual behavior in the minds of many in academia.
		Hooker has been criticized as having no clinical experience in the study of human behavior but undertook the study to prove that homosexuals could function as normal human beings.
	www.mcm.edu /~dodd1/TWU/FS5023/Hooker.htm (553 words)

	Evelyn Hooker: In Memoriam
		Evelyn Hooker was born September 2, 1907, the sixth child of nine in her grandmother's house, next door to Buffalo Bill's home in North Platte, Nebraska.
		Hooker knew then why she had chosen psychology: Muenzinger had a very clear, analytical mind, and his brilliant lectures were an invitation to the student audience to participate in the scientific enterprise.
		Evelyn Hooker, a psychologist who defied conventional wisdom and greatly emboldened the fledgling homosexual rights movement in the 1950s by finding there was no measurable psychological difference between homosexual and heterosexual men, died on Monday at her home in Santa Monica, Calif. She was 89.
	psychology.ucdavis.edu /rainbow/html/hooker2.html (4103 words)

	George Hatcher "Hatcher" Hooker
		Hooker of near Lineville brought a load of sheep to Princeton Friday which were sold in the community sale.
		Hooker’s grandfather, Jerry Hooker, was one of the first eight families to settle in Linn County a century ago.
		Hooker was born in Browning, Missouri, and came to this country with his parents.
	www.djhooker.com /32.htm (956 words)

	Equality Forum
		Evelyn Hooker overturned the American Psychiatric Association's view that homosexuality was a mental illness.
		Evelyn Hooker received a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health to test the accepted view that gays were by definition neurotic, unstable, infantile, and identifiable.
		In honor of Dr. Hooker, the University of Chicago established the Evelyn Hooker Center for the Mental Health of Gays and Lesbians.
	www.equalityforum.com /2005/40-hooker.cfm (197 words)

	Evelyn Hooker
		This inspiring film recounts the life and work of psychiatrist Dr. Evelyn Hooker, whose groundbreaking 1950s scientific study -- with the result showing no discernable difference between her gay and straight subjects -- disputed the general notion of homosexuality as a mental disorder.
		Hooker, who died in 1995, is both articulate and courageous as she emotionally recalls her life and historic work.
		Hooker’s insights into “gay marriage” and the “gay community” (a term she coined), and the filmmakers’ winning approach make this documentary education at its most exciting and enjoyable.
	www.queertheory.com /histories/h/hooker_dr_evelyn.htm (453 words)

	[No title]
		Hooker earned a Ph.D. in psychology in the early 1930s--not an easy achievement for an American woman of that era--and was teaching at UCLA when a former student who had become a friend challenged her to study him and his other gay male friends.
		Much to their surprise, and to Hooker's delight, they were unable to tell the homosexuals from the heterosexuals, and rated the gay subjects high in personality development and emotional adjustment.
		Two decades later, when I interviewed Hooker for a book I was writing on the homophile movement of the 1950s, she chuckled mischievously as she remembered how baffled the other professionals were by the outcome.
	www.qrd.org /qrd/orgs/NGLTF/1997/evelyn.hooker-unsung.hero-01.23.97 (1013 words)

	Evelyn Beatrice Hooker
		Evelyn Beatrice (Hooker) Moody of Woodland, CA, was born July 24, 1912, in Mercer County, near Lineville, IA, and died February 23, 1995, in Fresno, CA, at the age of 82 years, 7 months and 11 days.
		Evelyn married Morris John Moody of Garden Grove, IA, February 2, 1945, in Lineville, IA. John preceded her in death May 4, 1964.
		Evelyn and John were members of the Bethel Church in Sacramento, CA.
	www.djhooker.com /134.htm (446 words)

	MacAddict Forums / The American Psychological Association
		I then did a search for "Evelyn Hooker" and got sites talking about an experiment she conducted regarding homosexuality in 1957--undoubtedly the same as the one mentioned by my source.
		Seems "this 'Hooker'" actually is the famous Evelyn...though if the site could get her first name wrong, I suspect that maybe she didn't actually claim that sexual orientation is 100% "biological," so maybe she's not an idiot after all.
		Hooker's research was the first objective research that showed that homosexuality isn't a disorder - that homosexual sexual orientation does not itself have anything to do with a person's psychological well-being.
	www.macaddict.com /forums/post/404234 (3348 words)

	Welcome to ForTheChildrenInc.
		Hooker's study group was not random, but rather made-up of volunteers from an early gay rights group known as the Mattachine Society, which, as she put it in her published report, "has as its stated purpose the development of a homosexual ethic..."
		Hooker administered three standardized tests to her 60 subjects; The Rorschach test, which consists of a series of ink blots that subjects are asked to interpret, The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), and the Make-A-Picture-Story test (MAPS).
		The problem Hooker experienced with the TAT and MAPS tests is that the homosexual subjects, in spite of knowing the desired outcome, did not refrain from indulging themselves in homosexual fantasies, thereby exhibiting the obsessive nature of homosexuality.
	www.forthechildreninc.com /issues/homosexuality/It'sNotInYourGenes.html (1770 words)

	Being Gay Is Just as Healthy as Being Straight
		Evelyn Hooker's pioneering research debunked the popular myth that homosexuals are inherently less mentally healthy than heterosexuals, leading to significant changes in how psychology views and treats people who are gay.
		In the 1950's, Dr. Evelyn Hooker studied 30 homosexual males and 30 heterosexual males recruited through community organizations.
		Hooker's work was the first to empirically test the assumption that gay men were mentally unhealthy and maladjusted.
	www.psychologymatters.org /hooker.html (354 words)

	A Gay and Lesbian Resource
		Evelyn Hooker received the 1991 Award for Distinguished Contribution to Psychology in the Public Interest, presented by the American Psychological Association.
		Her pioneering study, published in 1957, challenged the widespread belief that homosexuality is a pathology by demonstrating that experienced clinicians using psychological tests widely believed at the time to be appropriate could not identify the nonclinical homosexual group.
		The courage, insight, and integrity of Evelyn Hooker have inspired social scientists, mental health professionals, human rights activists, and people around the world.
	members.tripod.com /~uniting/resource/hooker.html (278 words)

	Homosexuality and Biology
		Hooker had during her training been routinely instructed in the theory of homosexuality as a pathology.
		Reviewing Hooker's results from a test in which the subject creates pictures with cutout figures, one of the interpreters, a psychologist named Edwin Shneidman, stumbled onto a particular subject's orientation only when he came across a cutout scene depicting two men in a bedroom.
		Hooker's research throughout her long career was driven by the belief that for psychiatry to be minimally scientific, pathology must be defined in a way that is objective and empirically observable.
	www.theatlantic.com /doc/199706/homosexuality-biology (1734 words)

	Changing Our Minds: The Story of Dr. Evelyn Hooker (1992) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		The narrative guides us from the establishment of institutionalised homophobic oppression in the early 20th century (with archival footage of electroconvulsive therapy and flmail threats to college students) to the early 1990's when we started to achieve widespread recognition that it really is OK to be gay.
		The audience develops a strong empathy for Dr Evelyn Hooker as she takes up the challenge of her brightest pupil to prove to herself whether homosexuality should clinically be considered an illness.
		Evelyn tells, with relish, of the shock with which the results were received.
	www.imdb.com /title/tt0103938 (470 words)

	Evelyn Hooker - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Evelyn Hooker, The adjustment of the male overt homosexual, "Journal of projective techniques'", XXI 1957, pp.
		Evelyn Hooker, An empirical study of some relations between sexual patterns and gender identity in male homosexuals.
		Evelyn Hooker, Parental relations and male homosexuality in patient and non-patient samples, "Journal of consulting and clinical psychology", XXXIII 1969, pp.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Evelyn_Hooker (363 words)

	EVELYN BLOG - Exotica Park - Sexy People, Sexy Photos, Sexy Stars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Evelyn made his first eight attempts from the floor, including both three-pointers, as he finished the night 8-of-10 from the field in 18 minutes of action...
		Evelyn Edna Yurk, age 88, formerly of Sheboygan and Sheboygan Falls, late of Stevens Point, died Saturday morning, December 9, 2006, at Strawberry Lane...
		Beatrice Palmer of Lancaster was a front-seat passenger in a 2001 Chevrolet Malibu driven by her daughter, Evelyn Palmer, 61, at 11:12 am, the State Highway...
	www.exoticapark.com /models/evelyn.php?v=8878 (845 words)

	The Rainbow Connection: Mental Health
		This changed in 1957, when Evelyn Hooker conducted the first blind tests, in which the possibility of bias was removed.
		In Hooker's study the Rorschach was administered (along with two other projective tests) to 30 homosexual men and 30 heterosexual men.
		Hooker's study sparked a series of psychological tests with gay subjects to re-evaluate the mental health of gay men and lesbians.
	www.the-rainbow-connection.org /RC.mentalhealth.html (998 words)

	Evelyn Hooker: In Memoriam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Evelyn Hooker, Ph.D. September 2, 1907 - November 18, 1996
		Evelyn Hooker, Ph.D., published the first empirical research to challenge the prevailing psychiatric assumption that homosexuality was a mental illness.
		Her work was the cornerstone for an entire body of research that ultimately led to removal of "homosexuality" from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
	psychology.ucdavis.edu /rainbow/html/hooker.html (141 words)

	So you wanted an Agenda for Homosexuality - Sean Hannity Discussion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		In 1957 psychologist Evelyn Hooker wrote a paper that claimed to show that homosexuality is normal.
		A group of outside activists and gay psychiatrists and psychologists presented the Committee with arguments made by Evelyn Hooker and Alfred Kinsey that homosexuality was not associated with psychopathology and that all other studies on homosexuality were intrinsically flawed, because of sampling bias.
		Evelyn Hooker, “The adjustment of the male overt homosexual,” Journal of Projective Techniques, 1957, 21, 18-31.
	www.hannity.com /forum/showthread.php?t=74435 (2824 words)

	Arkansas Supreme Court Rules In Favor Of Gay Foster Parenting
		Hooker had produced a flawed study in 1957 that claimed to have discovered that homosexuals were no different than heterosexuals in their mental functioning.
		Hooker's study and other questionable research studies are included in the APA brief.
		Satinover analyzed Hooker's original work and has concluded that she "failed to follow even the most basic tenets of the scientific method." She deliberately chose participants who understood what the survey was all about--that it was a politically motivated study designed to change cultural attitudes toward homosexuals.
	www.narth.com /docs/arkansas.html (1517 words)

	Learning from the Gay Movement
		Hooker tested groups of homosexuals alongside heterosexuals and asked several colleagues, who were sure they could tell the homosexuals from their test results, to analyse the results.
		Hooker’s findings laid the foundation for a stream of controversial research that twenty years later led the American Psychiatric Association to remove homosexuality from its list of diseases.
		[Hooker’s] pioneering research was urged on her by a particularly bright student, Sam From, who, impressed by her tremendous energy and humanity, challenged her to get acquainted with his friends and their lives, to study them and put to the test what psychiatrists were saying about them.
	www.cerius.org /gays.htm (778 words)

	What do professional groups, researchers and studies say about homosexuality
		During the early 1950's, Psychologist Evelyn Hooker was inspired to undertake research into sexual orientation after having befriended Sam From.
		Evelyn Hooker died on 1996-NOV-18, but had lived long enough to see the acceptance of homosexuality as a normal, natural sexual variant by most religious liberals, social liberals, and youth.
		It was only when Hooker recruited subjects from the general gay and lesbian population that this bias was overcome.
	www.religioustolerance.org /hom_prof.htm (2501 words)

	Evelyn Hooker Programs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		The Foundation's Evelyn Hooker Programs are a testament to a psychologist whose groundbreaking research in the 1950s helped to demonstrate that homosexuality is not attributable to psychopathology.
		In 1992, Dr. Hooker directed a large bequest from the Wayne F. Placek Trust to the Foundation.
		Placek, a native of Nebraska and a participant in Dr. Hooker's early study, remembered Hooker's landmark research and entrusted a $500,000 bequest to her upon his death.
	www.apa.org /apf/hooker.html (699 words)

	Psychology and sexual orientation Journal of Sex Research - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		In addition to providing the reader with a solid understanding of the topics and concerns of many of the first researchers, the volume also provides an historical record of those who were key in the early studies and efforts to declassify homosexuality (or any sexuality other than heterosexuality) as a mental illness.
		Most readers of the current volume will likely be familiar with Hooker's research, but they will find a more personal description of her life, her own experiences with gender discrimination, and her commitment to this work in chapter 1, "What a Light It Shed: The Life of Evelyn Hooker," written by Kimmel and Garnets.
		For both psychologists and historians, it is a valuable contribution to an understanding of one of the seminal figures in the struggle to recognize gay men, lesbians, and bisexuals as equal citizens.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2372/is_3_41/ai_n6232415 (801 words)

	Cruel.Com: Cruel: web cartoonists that should be shot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		In May, 1954, Dr. Evelyn Hooker came out with her landmark research study that showed - much to everyone's suprise - that homosexual men showed no more pathology than heterosexual men.
		Critics of the Hooker study make good points, it was instigated by the homosexual rights community in the 1950s to prove a point, the homosexual subjects were from a gay rights group, and potential subjects who had psychological problems were eliminated.
		The Kinsley (also used to justifiy the change) and Hooker research was of poor quality, by 1973 limitations of this work was no doubt known but it didn?t matter, since it could be used to further the political cause of gay liberation.
	www.cruel.com /discuss/archivedMessage.php/7056 (467 words)

	hooker.htm
		[Evelyn Hooker, "The adjustment of the male overt homosexual," in: Journal of Projective Techniques, vol.
		In view of the importance of her findings it seemed desirable to the editors that they be made public, even in their preliminary form.
		If some of Dr. Hooker's cautiously presented as they are, seem premature or incompletely documented, the blame must fall on the editors who exercised considerable pressure on her to publish now.
	www.well.com /user/aquarius/hooker.htm (6609 words)

	Subversity Press Release 11/26/96 Show (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Hooker, who died last Monday in Santa Monica, at the age of 89, did the first studies (back in 1956) to show that homosexuality is not an illness.
		Hooker later (in 1967) headed a study group on homosexuality for the National Institute of Mental Health.
		A memorial service for Dr. Hooker is planned at the UCLA Faculty Center, for Friday, December 20, at 2 p.m.
	www.kuci.org /~dtsang/subversity/pr961126.htm (390 words)

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