Even toed ungulates

Even toed ungulates - Factbites
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Topic: Even toed ungulates

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	The Ultimate Ungulate Page
		The odd- and even-toed ungulates are still referred to as the "true ungulates", but fossil and molecular evidence have resulted in the expansion of the term "ungulate".
		All mammals, and thus all ungulates, belong to the Kingdom Animalia and to the Phylum Chordata (Subphylum Vertebrata).
		Most of the weight is supported by the hoofs, with the result that the form of locomotion of ungulates is described as "unguligrade" (rather than "digitigrade", where the toes touch the ground, or "plantigrade", where the entire foot is on the ground, as in humans).
	www.ultimateungulate.com (651 words)

	UNGULATE INFO AND TIPS
		Perissodactyla: odd-toed ungulates such as horses and rhinos
		Ungulates diversified rapidly in the Eocene, but are thought to date back as far as the late Cretaceous.
		In addition to hooves, most ungulates developed reduced canine teeth, bunodont molars (molars with low, rounded cusps), and an astragalus (one of the ankle bones at the end of the lower leg) with a short, robust head.
	www.ihabits.com /ungulate (666 words)

	iqexpand.com
		Even-toed ungulates survived in niche roles, usually occupying marginal habitats, and it is presumably at that time that they developed their complex digestive systems, which allowed them to survive on lower-grade feed.
		The arrival of grasses during the Miocene (about 20 million years ago) saw a major change: grasses are very difficult to digest and the even-toed ungulates with their highly-developed stomachs were better able to adapt to this coarse, low-nutrition diet, and soon replaced the odd-toed ungulates as the dominant terrestrial herbivores.
		Nevertheless, artiodactyls were far from dominant at that time: the odd-toed ungulates (ancestors of today's horses and rhinos) were much more successful and far more numerous.
	even-toed_ungulate.iqexpand.com (668 words)

	Even-toed ungulate
		Even-toed ungulates survived in niche roles, usually occupying marginal habitats, and it is presumably at that time that they developed their complex digestive systems, which allowed them to survive on lower-grade feed.
		The arrival of grasses during the Miocene (about 20 million years ago) saw a major change: grasses are very difficult to digest and the even-toed ungulates with their highly-developed stomachs were better able to adapt to this coarse, low-nutrition diet, and soon replaced the odd-toed ungulates as the dominant terrestrial herbivores.
		Nevertheless, artiodactyls were far from dominant at that time: the odd-toed ungulates (ancestors of today's horses and rhinos) were much more successful and far more numerous.
	www.datamass.net /ev/even-toed-ungulate.html (471 words)

	Ungulate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Perissodactyla: odd-toed ungulates such as horses and rhinos
		In addition to hooves, ungulates developed reduced canine teeth, bunodont molars (molars with low, rounded cusps), and an astragalus (one of the ankle bones at the end of the lower leg) with a short, robust head.
		Ungulates diversified rapidly in the Eocene, but are thought to date back as far as the late Cretaceous.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ungulate (500 words)

	Even-toed ungulate: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic
		The even-toed ungulates form the mammal (Any warm-blooded vertebrate having the skin more or less covered with hair; young are born alive except for the small subclass of monotremes and nourished with milk)
		even-toed ungulates first appeared during the Early Eocene (From 58 million to 40 million years ago; presence of modern mammals)
		[for more facts and a summary of this subject, click this link] (about 20 million years ago) saw a major change: grasses are very difficult to digest and the even-toed ungulates with their highly-developed stomach (An enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal; the principal organ of digestion)
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /ref/even-toed_ungulate (2011 words)

	Untitled Document
		It is rare in the Talysh and Little Caucasus, and it is in the lead among ungulates of the Greater Caucasus.
		All ungulates had and have the big importance as in nature, so in the man life.
		Its most population density is observed in the western part of the Greater Caucasus (Zakatal-Ismailly region), in the Talysh, and partly in flood plain forests along the Kura and Araz rivers.
	azerimammals.aznet.org /azerimammals/Ungulate.htm (426 words)

	Glossary
		The words used in describing ungulates and their habits are often complex and confusing - terminology is often the most confusing part of learning about something new.
		This section provides easy-to-understand definitions of unusual words used in the Ultimate Ungulate Page, hopefully allowing even the most complex scientific language to be understood.
		The hard, keratinized (horny) sheath covering the toes or lower part of the foot of certain mammals (the ungulates), homologous to human fingernails.
	www.ultimateungulate.com /glossary.html (1162 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Ungulate
		The ungulates constitute a large group of dissimilar animals whose last toe joints are encased in hooves.
		Tapir, ungulate mammal with a bulky body, short legs, a short tail, and a head characterized by a short, flexible proboscis, small eyes, and erect...
		Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers--quickly search thousands of articles from magazines such as Time, Newsweek, The Atlantic Monthly, and Smithsonian.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Ungulate.html (83 words)

	The Probert Encyclopaedia - Animals And Plants (A)
		They are even toed ungulates: cattle and sheep.; pigs, deer and camels.
		The alactaga is a rodent mammal closely allied to the jerboa but larger.
		There are four pairs of walking legs on the mesosoma.
	www.galgani.it /free_encyclopedia/B1.HTM (83 words)

	Florida Key Deer...The Even-Toed Ungulate
		Perissodactyla, the odd toed ungulates, consist of a small order of herbivores that are distinguished from Artiodactlya by the presence of a prominent third digit.
		The even toed ungulate (Artiodactyla) is named for having two or four digits.
		The emergence of ungulate type mammals is thought to have occurred during the mid-Tertiary period based upon the fossil record for the “Old World” tropics.
	jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu /fieldcourses01/PapersMarineEcologyArticles/FloridaKeyDeer...TheEven-.html (1903 words)

	Almost like a whale
		They also have a bone in their heel characteristic of even-toed ungulates, such as deer and sheep.
		This is the idea that cetaceans are more like hippopotamuses (another even-toed ungulate) than any other land mammal.
		Because cetaceans are so unlike any land mammal, with their legs as paddles and their nostrils atop their heads, it has been immensely difficult to place them in the evolutionary scheme of things.
	www.mindswap.org /2002/nature/010920-11.xml (501 words)

	November 2002 Case of the Month Answer
		The one that did the biting was most likely an even-toed ungulate.
		Even if he may be easy to ventilate, one should keep in mind that while he is being ventilated, the stomach may be receiving some of those breaths and that could increase the risk of aspiration.
		Ungulates are hoofed mammals, the largest group of large mammals that inhabit the earth.
	www.thesotos.net /anesthesia/case/cotm-ansdec2002.htm (2413 words)

	Africa on the Matrix: The Smaller Antelope
		All antelope are herbivores (plant eaters), even-toed ungulates (hooved animals) and ruminants (animals with four-chambered stomachs that chew the cud – in other words they regurgitate their food and rechew it as part of the digestive process.).
		Even the larger ones can be difficult at times (there's a separate page for large antelope).
		Even impala, Grant's gazelles and Thomson's gazelles become difficult unless seen together.
	www.on-the-matrix.com /africa/small_antelope.asp (515 words)

	Tapirs msg taxonomy msg regnum Animal Animalia msg...
		Their closest relatives are the other odd-toed ungulate odd-toed ungulates: horses and rhinoceroses.
		Although tapirs were once widespread, only four species endured into the modern world: three from Central Central and the warmer parts of South America South America, one from South-east Asia South-east Asia.
	www.biodatabase.de /tapir (448 words)

	Ungulata - Biognomen
		Muizon C. de and Cifelli R. The “condylarths” (archaic Ungulata, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Tiupampa (Bolivia): implications on the origin of the South American ungulates.
	webpages.charter.net /teefile/biognomen/Ungulata.html (52 words)

	I am The Man!: Kasai region,Odd-toed ungulate,Year of Three Popes,Shogakukan,Custer Township, Antrim County, Michigan,
		Odd-toed ungulate : Odd-toed ungulates Plains Zebras Scientific classi
	xdyerbyv.blogspot.com /2005/06/kasai-regionodd-toed-ungulateyear-of.html (622 words)

	Giraffe (Even-toed Ungulates Hoofed Mammal) Image Gallery - Index 4 of 4
		Giraffe (Even-toed Ungulates Hoofed Mammal) Image Gallery - Index 4 of 4
	www.lastrefuge.co.uk /images/html/giraffe/preview_html/giraffe4.html (24 words)

	Even-toed ungulate
		Even-toed ungulates survived in niche roles, usually occupying marginal habitats, and it is presumably at that time that they developed their complex digestive systems, which allowed them to survive on lower-grade feed.
		The arrival of grasses during the Miocene (about 20 million years ago) saw a major change: grasses are very difficult to digest and the even-toed ungulates with their highly-developed stomachs were better able to adapt to this coarse, low-nutrition diet, and soon replaced the odd-toed ungulates as the dominant terrestrial herbivores.
		Nevertheless, artiodactyls were far from dominant at that time: the odd-toed ungulates (ancestors of today's horses and rhinos) were much more successful and far more numerous.
	www.datamass.net /ev/even-toed-ungulate.html (471 words)

	Odd-toed ungulate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, the rise of grasses in the Miocene (about 20 million years ago) saw a major change: the even-toed ungulates with their more complex stomachs were better able to adapt to a coarse, low-nutrition diet, and soon rose to prominence.
		The odd-toed ungulates or Perissodactyla are large to very large browsing and grazing mammals with relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.
		The odd-toed ungulates arose in what is now North America in the late Paleocene, less than 10 million years after the dinosaurs died out.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Odd-toed_ungulate (357 words)

	The Ultimate Ungulate Page
		The odd- and even-toed ungulates are still referred to as the "true ungulates", but fossil and molecular evidence have resulted in the expansion of the term "ungulate".
		All mammals, and thus all ungulates, belong to the Kingdom Animalia and to the Phylum Chordata (Subphylum Vertebrata).
		Most of the weight is supported by the hoofs, with the result that the form of locomotion of ungulates is described as "unguligrade" (rather than "digitigrade", where the toes touch the ground, or "plantigrade", where the entire foot is on the ground, as in humans).
	www.ultimateungulate.com (651 words)

	artiodactyla.htm
		THE ORDER ARTIODACTYLA: These are even-toed hoofed animals, also known as "cloven hoofed." All hoofed animals were once united in the order of "Ungulates," but they have been separated now between the even-toed and the odd-toed hoofed animals.
		This is the important diagnostic feature of Artiodactyls, since the word "artiodactyla" means "even-toed." But a further distinction setting them apart from their odd-toed cousins is their development of true horns or antlers.
		The second and fifth toes, those located on the sides of the foot, are also lacking in many living species, or are merely vestigial remains, thereby leaving just the two prominent toes on each foot.
	www.americazoo.com /goto/index/mammals/artiodactyla.htm (651 words)

	The Tapir Gallery Notes on Evolution and Taxonomy of Tapirs
		Quite early on the hoofed mammals, or ungulates, split into two distinct groups: artiodactyls (even-toed ungulates) and perissodactyls (odd-toed ungulates).
		The modern artiodactyls include the antelopes, deer, giraffes, goats, pigs, hippopotamuses, camels and llamas, while the perissodactyls are today represented by the horses, zebras, tapirs and rhinoceroses.
		"Perissodactyls were initially much more successful than artiodactyls; most were small forest-dwellers like today's tapirs.
	www.tapirback.com /tapirgal/tbtap013.htm (171 words)

	White-tails (White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus)
		This configuration is why deer are placed in the Artiodactyla, an order of even-toed ungulates (hoofed animals) that includes two-toed cattle, pigs, antelopes, and--oddly enough--even four-toed hippopotami.
		about the only two-toed footprint that might be confused with a deer would be made by an escaped goat from a farm down the road, so we were confident the tracks we found locally in the middle 1990s were indeed left by white-tails.
		In fact, wildlife management folks have done such a good job increasing herd sizes that, as suitable habitat is gobbled up by development, once-scarce deer are now found in many suburban--even urban--locales where homeowners complain that white-tails browse on expensive shrubbery or run into and damage private cars and trucks.
	www.hiltonpond.org /ThisWeek040101.html (1259 words)

	TEXTBOOK FRAUD: Hyracotherium "dawn horse" eohippus, mesohippus, meryhippus
		Again we see a three-toed hoofed ungulate (Macrauchenia); a three-toed hoofed ungulate with reduced laterals (Diadiaphorus); and, in this case, a one-toed hoofed ungulate (Thoatherium) which, Romer says, seems even more horse like than any true horse, for it was single-toed with splints more reduced than those of modem equids.
		Illustrated are the pes of the South American ungulates (order Litopterna), 3.
	www.bible.ca /tracks/textbook-fraud-dawn-horse-eohippus.htm (9776 words)

	Ungulate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Perissodactyla: odd-toed ungulates such as horses and rhinos
		In addition to hooves, ungulates developed reduced canine teeth, bunodont molars (molars with low, rounded cusps), and an astragalus (one of the ankle bones at the end of the lower leg) with a short, robust head.
		Ungulates diversified rapidly in the Eocene, but are thought to date back as far as the late Cretaceous.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ungulate (558 words)

	Litopterna - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Three-toed, and even a one-toed horselike form were developed.
		The Litopterna, like the notoungulates and toxodonts, are examples of ungulate mammals that arose relatively independently in "splendid isolation" on the island continent of South America.
		However, there is a growing number of scientists who believes the Litopterna (together with other South-American ungulates) originated completely independent from the other Ungulates, thus are unrelated to the condylarths.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Litoptern (283 words)

	hoof on Encyclopedia.com
		In the even-toed ungulates, such as swine, deer, and cattle, the hoof is cloven; in the odd-toed ungulates, such as the horse and the rhinoceros, it is solid.
		Hoofs are adapted to the habits of the animal—e.g., flat, thick cloven hoofs enable the camel to walk on soft sand without sinking into it.
		Inmate Jason Turner puts hoof dressing on a former race horse at the Florida thoroughbred retirement farm at the Marion Correctional Institution in Lowell, Florida.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/h1/hoof.asp (283 words)

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Topic: Even toed ungulates

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