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Topic: Evian Accords

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North Atlantic Treaty Organization

1957

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	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Algerian War of Independence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The French electorate approved the Evian Accords by an overwhelming 91 percent vote in a referendum held in June 1962.
		According to France, in 1962 there were 236,000 Algerian Muslims fighting for the French army; some estimates suggest that, with their families, they may have numbered at much as 1 million, but 400,000 is more commonly cited.
		According to French figures, security forces killed 141,000 rebel combatants, and more than 12,000 Algerians died in internal FLN purges during the war.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Algerian_War_of_Independence (5194 words)

	VENETIC
		The accords have permitted the provinces to assume some control of local education, allowing the North and the Loyalties to promote the use of indigenous languages in primary school curricula, but from secondary level French remains the main language of instruction.
		The RPCR signed the Matignon Accords because in addition to restoring civil order, the accords' development possibilities might lead Kanaks to realise that their welfare would be better served by remaining French rather than facing the uncertainties of independence.
		The Accord goes on to state that New Caledonia shall be entitled to become a member of certain international organisations, or associate itself with them, as appropriate to its proposed interim status from 1998 to 2018, in addition to having delegations present in Pacific region countries and European Union member countries.
	www.venetic.com /NCpolitics.html (16931 words)

	Comparative Criminology \| Africa - Algeria
		According to the INTERPOL data, for murder, the rate in 2001 was 1.49 per 100,000 population for Algeria, 1.10 for Japan, and 5.61 for USA.
		According to the Department of State, these courts are believed to have been formed so that the government might have greater influence over the outcome of security-related criminal cases.
		According to Shari'a, such a distinction is justified because other provisions require that the husband's income and assets are to be used to support the family, while the wife's remain, in principle, her own.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /faculty/rwinslow/africa/algeria.html (10794 words)

	Algerian War of Independence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The war, which lasted until the March 18, 1962 Evian Accords, and the July 3, 1962 independence of Algeria, immediately followed the Indochina War waged against Ho Chi Minh.
		Despite the Evian Accords guarantees towards the French citizens, after the end of June civilians became the target of systematic FLN attacks.
		According to French government figures, there were 236,000 indigenous Algerian Muslims fighting for the French Army in 1962, either in regular units (Spahis and Tirailleurs) or as irregulars.
	www.qq818.info /en/Algerian_War_of_Independence.htm (6189 words)

	Colonialism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Varying types of colonialism may be distinguished, according to the form of colonization and also the date.
		Although the treaty of peace with China (June 9, 1885), in which the Qing Dynasty ceded suzerainty of Annam and Tonkin to France, was the work of his ministry, he would never again serve as premiere.
		With Charles de Gaulle's return to power in 1958 amidst turmoil and threats of a right-wing coup d'Etat to protect "French Algeria", the decolonization was completed with the independence of African's colonies in 1960 and the March 19, 1962 Evian Accords, which put an end to the Algerian war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Colonial (6899 words)

	Background Notes on Selected African Countries from the Department of State
		According to legend, Menelik I, the son of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, founded the Ethiopian Empire.
		According to folklore, Tutsi cattle breeders began arriving in the area from the Horn of Africa in the 15th century and gradually subjugated the Hutu inhabitants.
		The war dragged on for almost two years until a cease-fire accord was signed July 12, 1992, in Arusha, Tanzania, fixing a timetable for an end to the fighting and political talks, leading to a peace accord and power-sharing, and authorizing a neutral military observer group under the auspices of the Organization for African Unity.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/BNAfrica.html (21337 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| International \| Phantoms of the Chechen opera
		In an official statement issued in Washington, these groups were named responsible for the theatre hostage episode in October 2002 in Moscow, and their methods of conducting warfare in the Chechen Republic are considered to be "terrorist methods".
		According to US Secretary of State Colin Powell, these organisations pose a considerable threat to US national security, American interests, foreign policy and the economy.
		It took further referenda in 1962, in France and Algeria respectively, to approve the Evian Accords and grant Algeria independence, effectively annulling the results of the previous referendum.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2003/628/int1.htm (1156 words)

	Algeria the Generals' Putsch
		Talks with the FLN reopened at Evian in May 1961; after several false starts, the French government decreed that a cease-fire would take effect on March 19, 1962.
		In their final form, the Evian Accords allowed the colons equal legal protection with Algerians over a threeyear period.
		At the end of that period, however, Europeans would be obliged to become Algerian citizens or be classified as aliens with the attendant loss of rights.
	www.country-studies.com /algeria/the-generals'-putsch.html (676 words)

	France - MSN Encarta
		De Gaulle had led the differing parties to believe he was sympathetic to their opposite positions.
		The Evian Accords, which 90 percent of French voters also approved, provided for an Algerian referendum on independence.
		Even before the accords were reached, however, a group of military officers and colonials organized the Secret Army Organization (OAS), which conspired to overthrow the government.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761568934_26/France.html (2189 words)

	Chapter II: Algerian Independence and the Making of “Repatriates”
		When the Evian cease-fire negotiations talks opened in May of 1961 between France and the GPRA, the French delegation argued that the negotiations should be regarded as a means to define the conditions under which Algerian sovereignty would be achieved and not as an affirmation of Algerian sovereignty.
		According to Joxe, therefore, “the status of minority [was] an application of democracy,” but of a special kind.
		According to the Club, their departure was inevitable due to the tragic fact that the current “socio-professional” structure in which settlers held privileges was diametrically opposed to the ongoing development projects of the French government in
	www.history.ucla.edu /events/coll-conf/eurocoll/Sung_Choi_Settlers.html (7281 words)

	Algeria Maps (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		According to the National Office of Statistics (ONS) the data for the year 2002 indicate that 75% of the Algerian population is below 30.
		According to the UNDP, Algeria has one of the world's highest per housing unit occupancy rates for housing, and government officials have publicly stated that the country has an immediate shortfall of 1.5 million housing units.
		According to the Constitution, no political association may be formed if it is "based on differences in religion, language, race gender or region." The head of state is the president of the republic, who is elected to a 5-year term, renewable once.
	mapup.com /africa/algeria.html (3469 words)

	De Gaulle and Algeria
		The climate was therefore tense when the final phase of negotiations between representatives of the French government and the FLN began in Evian on 7 March 1962.
		The Evian accords, signed on 18 March 1962, brought an end to the hostilities and gave independence to Algeria.
		The Evian accords were approved by 90.7% of the population of mainland France (in the referendum of 8 April 1962).
	www.charles-de-gaulle.org /article.php3?id_article=164&var_recherche=algeria (1104 words)

	Israel Accused Of Turning Peace Process Into A Sham
		He is the son of Louis Joxe, Gen de Gaulle's cabinet minister, who signed the Evian Accords that ended the Algerian war, and the brother of Pierre Joxe, a former socialist minister of the interior and defence.
		Intermediary accords invariably revised conditions to the detriment of the Palestinians.
		For him, the constant renegotiation of accords already concluded and the expansion of Israeli settlements on occupied land - their population has nearly doubled from 80,000 to 150,000 since Oslo - are proof of Israel's bad faith.
	www.commondreams.org /views/110400-104.htm (1006 words)

	HISTORICAL EVENTS - 1950—1956 The formation of the community of Europe - International events - Decolonisation - Armed ...
		The Evian Accords: extraordinary session in Parliament (Paris, 20 March 1962)
		France had thought it could retake Vietnam, where its troops had been fighting the Viet Minh (the Communist League for the Independence of Vietnam) since 1948, but its strategists were predicting a long war at high human cost.
		It was not until the end of a painful eight-year long war, which lasted from the 1954 insurrection until the Evian Accords of March 1962, that Algeria became an independent state.
	www.ena.lu /europe/formation-community/published-humanite-newspaper-against-oas-1962.htm (911 words)

	fuckfrance.com - Sorry, Timbeaux. But I do not see how (281089) - Read article: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Last point about Evian: when this town was chosen, it was, "much before the war" and Chirac had nothing special in mind.
		But for all Frenchmen (and Algerian) over 45 years, it is the town of "Les accords d'Evian" through which the Guerre d'Algérie was "ended".
		It is quite an irony that from a military point of view, the war had been "won" by the French: water-tight borders, few guerilla units left in the field,....
	www.fuckfrance.com /read.html?postid=281089 (262 words)

	Algeria (08/06)
		According to the United Nations Development Program, Algeria has one of the world's highest per housing unit occupancy rates, and government officials have publicly stated that the country has an immediate shortfall of 1.5 million housing units.
		According to the Constitution, no political association may be formed "based on differences in religion, language, race gender or region." Algeria has universal suffrage at the age of 18.
		U.S. companies have played a major role in developing Algeria's oil and gas sector; of the $4.1 billion (on a historical-cost basis, according to statistics gathered by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis) in U.S. investment in Algeria, the vast bulk is in the petroleum sector.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/8005.htm (5846 words)

	The Jewish Community of Oran, Algeria
		According to a census conducted by the French there were about 2,800 Jews in Oran, well ahead of the local Christians and Muslims who together amounted to about 1,000 inhabitants.
		Under the French rule that lasted until the Algerian independence in 1962, Oran turned into a modern port and the adjacent strategic town of Mers el-Kebir became a major naval base.
		According to the Evian Accords that ended the Algerian war, the Jews were considered European settlers.
	www.bh.org.il /Communities/Archive/Oran.asp (3363 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Many French citizens of Algerian Muslim background would opt to retain their French citizenship under the terms of the Evian Accords, which led to Algeria’s independence in 1962.
		According to the late Georges Tapinos, France evolved a dual policy, one that favored settlement of migrants from Italy, Spain and Portugal and a temporary foreign worker policy for Muslim migrants from North Africa.
		According to the most important survey research on French Muslims, most speak French and identify French as their language.
	www.udel.edu /poscir/mjmiller/inauguraladdress.htm (4844 words)

	[No title]
		Conclusion des accords d'Evian sur l'indépendance de l'Algérie (Louis Joxe).
		Conclusion of the agreements of Evian on the independence of Algeria (Louis Joxe).
		Référundum in metropolis on the agreements of Evian (17.5 million Yes; 1.8 million Not; 7.7 million abstentions).
	voltigeur1.net /chrono.html (916 words)

	Pro-France Algerian fighters feel abandoned -DAWN - International; March 23, 2002
		The same Harkis, allowed to settle in France, felt they were never accorded the same treatment as French combatants in the Algerian war, and to this day clamour their near abandonment by successive French governments, of the right and of the left.
		The French political figures who hoped to turn March 19 into not only a national holiday, but also a day of memory, had not seemingly reckoned with the fact that the resistance to the signing of the Evian Accords continues to this day.
		One of the deputies who voted against the measure, Jean-Pierre Meylan, a man who had taken part in the war, clamoured that for his part, “I don’t understand this desire to commemorate what is effectively a kick-in-the-arse for France.
	www.dawn.com /2002/03/23/int16.htm (568 words)

	Algeria - France and the Mediterranean Countries
		Algeria experienced a high level of dependency on France in the first years after the revolution and a conflicting desire to be free of that dependency.
		The preestablished trade links, the lack of experienced Algerian government officials, and the military presence provided for in the Evian Accords ending the War of Independence ensured the continuance of French influence.
		A new price accord in 1989 resurrected cooperative ties.
	countrystudies.us /algeria/153.htm (1137 words)

	HISTORICAL FIGURES: Krim Belkacem
		He was minister of Foreign Affairs in 1960, of the Interior in 1961, and opened the negociations with France which resulted in the Evian Accords.
		His interventions on behalf of the Accords were moments of strong tension during the conference, and Krim saw the world turning their eyes toward him.
		The French negotiators considered his presence an encouraging sign.
	www.waac.info /amazigh/history/personalities/algeria/krim_belkacem.html (900 words)

	Al Qaeda`s Neo-Nazi Connections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		According to an FBI report dated May 10, 1995, ``Additional documents reveal that at one time Strassmeir was attempting to purchase a 747 aircraft from Lufthansa; however, the reason for the purchase is not reflected in the documents.``
		According to a report released by Germany`s Bundesamt fuer Verfassungsschutz (``Office for the Protection of the Constitution``), Huber ``sees himself as a mediator between Islam and right-wing groups.``
		The main hope of the OAS was to provoke the FLN into restarting military action after a cease-fire was agreed in the Evian Accords of March and the referendum of June 1962; over 100 bombs a day were detonated by the OAS in March.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1089006/posts (5546 words)

	aussaresses
		De Gaulle held a referendum in July, 1962, in which Algerians could vote for a more free and enlightened relationship with France or complete independence.
		After seven and a half years of war the French government and the F.L.N. signed the Evian accords in March 1962, agreeing to a cease-fire and to Algeria's self-determination.
		In 2001,General Aussaresses and his publishers were indicted in France over the publication of his book, Services spéciaux.
	www.dickinson.edu /~klinem/fr236/Symboles/Marianne/aussaresses.html (2842 words)

	U.S.ENGLISH Foundation Official Language Research - Algeria: Background
		Independence was achieved from France on July 5, 1962.
		The Evian Accords, which were signed in 1962, gave Algeria immediate independence and French aid to help reconstruct the country.
		The Constitution was approved on November 19, 1976, effective November 22, 1976.
	www.us-english.org /foundation/research/olp/viewResearch.asp?CID=5&TID=2 (379 words)

	Amazon.ca: L'Algérie à Evian: Books: Rédha Malek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		If you would like to purchase this title, we recommend that you occasionally check this page to see if it has become available.
		L'auteur, lui-même négociateur aux accords d'Evian qui marquèrent la fin de la guerre d'Algérie, raconte ici, à partir de ses souvenirs et de ceux de nombreux témoins français et algériens, le déroulement des négociations avec les hauts et les bas de ce difficile dialogue.
		Be the first person to review this item.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/2020238985 (174 words)

	27 Dec History: This Date (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The television and computer industries had battled for nine years to agree on standards for digital TV picture display.
		The final accord supported a standard that did not specify the display format, but rather left it up to broadcasters to choose from a variety of formats, including extremely high-definition pictures or broadcasting several simultaneous shows in the old, lower-definition mode.
		Après les accords d'Évian, en mars 1962, et l'indépendance algérienne de 1963, Boumédiène soutint la candidature à la présidence du nouvel État d'Ahmed Ben Bella dont il devint ministre de la Défense.
	www.jcanu.hpg.ig.com.br /history/h4dec/h4dec27.html (8546 words)

	Algeria: Independence war (1954-1962) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It consisted of a five-man executive and legislative body.
		The war for independence continued until March of 1962 when finally, the French government signed a cease-fire agreement with the National Liberation Front (Evian Accords).
		In July of that same year the Algerian people voted for a referendum that approved the cease-fire agreement with France and supported economic and social cooperation between the two countries as well.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/dz_ind.html (916 words)

	bad
		accords and innumerable understandings concluded between Israel and
		Intermediary accords invariably revised conditions to the detriment of
		renegotiation of accords already concluded and the expansion of
	www.al-bushra.org /israel/bad.htm (838 words)

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