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Topic: Evolutionary linguistics

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	Linguistics
		Linguistic inquiry is pursued by a wide variety of specialists, who may not all be in harmonious agreement; as Russ Rymer[?] flamboyantly puts it
		Linguists often divide the study of language into a number of separate areas, to be studied more or less independently.
		Most cognitive linguists, for example, would probably find the categories "semantics" and "pragmatics" to be arbitrary, and nearly all linguists would agree that the divisions overlap considerably.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/li/Linguist.html (1159 words)

	Learn more about Linguistics in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Linguists can be broadly divided into those that study language at a particular point in time (usually the present) and those that study how language changes through time, sometimes over centuries.
		Brown University has no department of linguistics, but rather a single "Department of Cognitive Science and Linguistics"; cognitive science tends to be somewhat non-historic in character, and so does the linguistics work of the department.
		Psycholinguistics and neuroscience form the center of linguistic research that is centered on the brain...
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /l/li/linguistics_1.html (1341 words)

	ipedia.com: Linguistics Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Whereas theoretical linguistics is concerned with finding and describing generalities both within languages and among all languages, as a group, applied linguistics takes the results of those findings and applies them to other areas.
		Sociolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, and linguistic anthropology are where the social sciences that consider societies as whole and linguistics interact.
		For linguistic research that uses the methods of corpus linguistics and computational linguistics, written language is often much more convenient for processing large amounts of linguistic data.
	www.ipedia.com /linguistics_1.html (1393 words)

	Evolutionary psychology: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		Evolutionary psychologists propose that this structure evolved by natural selection to serve reproduction.
		Evolutionary psychology draws on well-accepted evolutionary principles identical to those used by scientists researching the evolved behavior and cognition of non-human animals.
		Scores of researchers have published in this field, and the applications of evolutionary psychology include economics, aggression, law, psychiatry, politics, literature, sex, etc. In fact, scholars in just about every field of the social sciences and humanities have employed EP in their research.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ev/Evolutionary-psychology.html (478 words)

	The Language Mosaic and its Evolution
		Evolutionary linguistics does not appeal to an apparatus of postulated abstract principles specific to the subject to explain language phenomena.
		Note that the levels of linguistic structure where language interfaces with the outside world, namely phonetics, semantics and pragmatics, were (apart from motor control of speech) in all likelihood relatively closer to modern human abilities than the `core' levels of linguistic structure, namely phonology and morphosyntax.
		In transcribing the linguistic data input to a child, it is highly probable that the transcriber imposes decisions informed by his own knowledge, and thus the true raw material which a child processes is not represented.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /~jim/nustates.htm (8006 words)

	Ferdinand de Saussure's Course in General Linguistics
		Saussure defines linguistics as the study of language, and as the study of the manifestations of human speech.
		He says that linguistics is also concerned with the history of languages, and with the social or cultural influences that shape the development of language.
		Diachronic linguistics is the study of the history or evolution of language.
	www.angelfire.com /md2/timewarp/saussure.html (928 words)

	SPEAKPOST.COM: Home
		Linguistics is the scientific study of human language, and someone who engages in this study is called a linguist or linguistician.
		Computational linguists were formerly usually computer scientists who had specialized in the application of computers to the processing of a natural language.
		Computational linguistics was born as the name of the new field of study devoted to developing algorithms and software for intelligently processing language data.
	www.speakpost.com (1850 words)

	Evolutionary linguistics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Evolutionary linguistics is the scientific study of the origins and development of language.
		August Schleicher (1821-1868) and his ‘Stammbaumtheorie’ are often quoted as the starting point of evolutionary linguistics.
		Some linguists, such as John McWhorter, have analyzed the evolution and construction of basic communication methods such as Pidginization and Creolization.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Evolutionary_linguistics (748 words)

	MrSci.com: All Science, All the Time
		Often applied linguistics refers to the use of linguistic research in language teaching, but results of linguistic research are used in many other areas, as well.
		Whereas in core theoretical linguistics language is studied for its own sake, the interdisciplinary areas of linguistics consider how language interacts with the rest of the world.
		Linguistics is the scientific study of human language, and someone who engages in this study is called a linguist...
	www.mrsci.com /social/linguistics.html (1648 words)

	[No title]
		In fact, the growing influence of Peircean ideas in the fields of cognitive linguistics, diachronic linguistics, linguistic semantics and pragmatics, and text linguistics is largely due to general semiotic insights which linguist have derived from Peirce (see, e.g., Ransdell 1980; Wirth 1983; Gorlée 1994; Réthoré 1994).
		On the contrary, the rise of Peirce in linguistics is closely associated with the decline of structural linguistics.
		A Peircean distinction which has meanwhile become part of the general terminology of linguistics and which is in particular indispensable to statistical linguistics is the one between the word as a type and as a token (or replica; CP 2.292, 4.447, 4.537, 8.334; Fisch 1986: 357; Pape 1996: 313).
	www.digitalpeirce.fee.unicamp.br /p-ling.htm (3157 words)

	Introduction to Evolutionary Psychology
		Evolutionary psychology is an approach to psychology, in which knowledge and principles from evolutionary biology are put to use in research on the structure of the human mind.
		An evolutionary focus is valuable for psychologists, who are studying a biological system of fantastic complexity, because it can make the intricate outlines of the mind's design stand out in sharp relief.
		Three decades of progress and convergence in cognitive psychology, evolutionary biology, and neuroscience have shown that this view of the human mind is radically defective.
	www.rlc.dcccd.edu /MATHSCI/anth/p101/primer1.htm (3397 words)

	UCSB Linguistics Research: Evolutionary Linguistics
		Since spoken language does not leave any fossil record, the study of the origin and evolution of language is necessarily inferential on the basis of cross-disciplinary understanding of linguistics, neuroscience, paleoanthropology, molecular genetics, and animal cognition/communication.
		These are the core questions that linguists are uniquely qualified to investigate.
		At UCSB, linguists, cognitive psychologists, molecular biologists, and archaeologists are engaged in a multidisciplinary effort to examine these questions.
	www.linguistics.ucsb.edu /research/evolutionary.html (237 words)

	Linguistics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Linguistics compares languages (comparative linguistics) and explores their histories, in order to find universal properties of language and to account for its development and origins (historical linguistics).
		The central concern of theoretical linguistics is to characterize the nature of human language ability, or competence: to explain what it is that an individual knows when said to know a language; and to explain how it is that individuals come to know languages.
		Today, the term 'applied linguistics' is used mostly to refer to "second language acquisition." Top applied linguistics programs are usually the ones that have good emphasis on second language acquisition either from linguistic or cognitive point of view.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Linguistics (3182 words)

	Directions for Historical Linguistics: A Symposium. Saussure's Dichotomy between Descriptive and Historical Linguistics
		Whatever the deviations in further parts of their theory, they with other linguists followed Saussure in their approach to language as a sign system which can be studied from a synchronic or a diachronic point of view.
		It is the aim here to examine the dichotomy which Saussure propounded between synchronic and diachronic linguistics, to note the implications of it for him, and to observe some effects of the dichotomy on subsequent linguistic work until the present.
		In view of his impact on linguistics the simplifications he adopted, and bequeathed to succeeding linguists, must be specified, as must the difficulties themselves for which he proposed the simplification.
	www.utexas.edu /cola/centers/lrc/books/hist01.html (5189 words)

	Istvan Csicsery-Ronay, Jr. - Who Framed Science Fiction?
		His closest approximation to a definition is that poetics is “the linguistic and cognitive organization of the genre” (3).
		Linguists speak of a class of words, called deictic terms, that serve to anchor readers within a given frame of reference.
		Though the language and testing that cognitive linguists may use to analyze these tropes may seem alien to aesthetics, the problem they describe is valuable for understanding how people make sense of fictions in the first place.
	www.depauw.edu /sfs/review_essays/icr92.htm (2240 words)

	LINGUIST List 9.238: Multiple Media, Computational Linguistics
		Evolutionary computation (in the form of genetic algorithms, genetic programming, hybrids of GAs and neural networks, etc.) has also been studied and deployed for practical engineering purposes, including tasks such as grammar induction, disambiguation, and so forth.
		The evolutionary approach is of direct relevance to NLP, and computational linguists are in a strong position to make a significant contribution to the development of this research.
		Synchronic generative linguistics models a language as a static well-formed (grammatical) set of strings (sentences) focussing on the (ideal) individual speaker and her idiolect at a single moment in time.
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/9/9-238.html (1066 words)

	<Linguistics>
		As a linguist, I investigate the abstract principles that characterize the language faculty.
		This is both because of the intrinsic interest of language as central to the human experience, and because linguistics offers a privileged resource to introduce and practice the analytical skills that modern research in all areas relies on.
		It is also important that undergraduates are introduced to the variety of approaches to the study of language that co-exist in the linguistic community, from the cognitive approach to the sociolinguistic one.
	www.acsu.buffalo.edu /~ejuarros/Linguistics.htm (1299 words)

	Institute of Linguistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The purposes of linguistic research are to conduct in-depth explorations on the cultural, biological, and mathematical and physical universals of human languages and to develop new scientific knowledge to enrich human civilization.
		Linguistic Informatics: studies of the topography of linguistic variation, and linguistic communication inside and outside of community.
		Furthermore, the linguistic corpora and digital archives of Old Chinese, Modern Chinese, Taiwan Min and Formosan Languages have been established and open for use on line.
	www.ling.sinica.edu.tw /introduction.html (485 words)

	University of New England - The New England Instute - Fellows_2
		His research includes both studies of linguistic behavior and theoretical analyses of the nature of language and its relation to mind and brain and studies of specific modules of grammar from a variety of disciplines.
		On the theoretical side, he has used linguistic and psycholinguistic data to develop a comprehensive model of the acquisition of grammar and lexicon, and to analyze issues such as the role of symbolic and connectionist computational architectures in language, the evolution of human language, and the nature of conceptual categories.
		Williams is widely recognized as one of evolutionary biology's most distinguished scholars, and was described in Scientific American as "one of the great evolutionary biologists of this century." He worked for many years on the evolutionary biology of fishes, and is a noted contributor to the literature on the evolution of sex.
	www.une.edu /nei/fellows2.asp (4998 words)

	Department of Anthropology (UNM) Course Offerings
		This seminar (open to advanced undergraduates as well as to graduate students in all subfields of Anthropology) will explore and evaluate some of the key characteristics that at various times have been said to define what is meant to be a “modern human”.
		The introduction to linguistic anthropology required of all incoming graduate students in ethnology and linguistic anthropology.
		Uses the perspective of evolutionary biology to examine the diversity of sex roles played by men and women in the historical and cross-cultural record.
	www.unm.edu /~anthro/courses/descriptions.htm (7373 words)

	Bibliography
		This is the seminal work in evolutionary economics and should be the starting point for anyone who wants to get acquainted with evolutionary economics.
		The author lays out forcefully the debate between reductionists who strive to reduce all biological phenomena to competition between genes for reproductive success (the so-called ultra-Darwinians) and non-reductionists who argue that each level in the hierarchical organization of life should be studied in its own right.
		Hull delivers not only a philosophical foundation for evolutionary theories in the social sciences, but he also provides a wonderful case study of how a school of thought in the world of biological taxonomy won the competition among alternative approaches.
	www7.kellogg.northwestern.edu /evolution/bibliography.htm (1467 words)

	Evolutionary Trees in Systematics and Comparative Philology
		Linguistics and Evolutionary Theory: Three Essays by August Schleicher, Ernst Haeckel, and William Bleek, with an Introduction by J. Peter Maher.
		Hull, David L. Science as a Process: An Evolutionary Account of the Social and Conceptual Development of Science.
		Toward a historiography of linguistics: 19th and 20th century paradigms.
	rjohara.net /darwin/files/tree-thinking (2009 words)

	Amazon.com: Course in General Linguistics (Open Court Classics): Books: Ferdinand De Saussure,Roy Harris (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Saussure takes language, "considered in itself and for its own sake", to be the "only true object of study in linguistics." Okay, then the linguistic sign is a helpful device in explaning language, but it does not represent the wholeness of language, which is the object of study.
		Saussure distinguished synchronic linguistics (studying language at a given moment) from diachronic linguistics (studying the changing state of a language over time); he further opposed what he named langue (the state of a language at a certain time) to parole (the speech of an individual).
		For Saussure speech represents instances of grammar and the mission of the linguist is to find the underlying rules of a particular language from examples found in speech.
	www.amazon.com /Course-General-Linguistics-Court-Classics/dp/0812690230 (2163 words)

	Publications: Recent Publications
		Hauser, M.D., Young, L., and Cushman, F. (in press): On Misreading the Linguistic Analogy: Response to Jesse Prinz and Ron Mallon.
		Hauer, M.D., Young, L., and Cushman, F. (in press): Reviving Rawls' Linguistic Analogy: Operative principles and the causal structure of moral actions.
		Evolutionary and developmental foundations of human knowledge: a case study of mathematics.
	www.wjh.harvard.edu /~mnkylab/publications/recent.htm (785 words)

	C.A. Becker: Review of Johansson, Origins of Language
		However, any full-fledged linguist will become rather concerned while reading Origins of Language: Constraints of Hypotheses due to the startling gaps and inaccuracies in the field of origins of language that Johansson reveals when comparing and contrasting the widely held findings and beliefs in linguistics as opposed to those in other relevant disciplines.
		In sum, Origins of Language: Constraints on Hypotheses presents a wake-up call for the discipline of linguistics to reassess its basic beliefs and strengthen its bond with sciences as opposed to the arts, the link that seemed to have been stronger throughout its history as a discipline.
		I recommend Johansson's work, as one of the texts in his first linguistics course, because it provides a good basis for the beginner in linguistics; it also can serve as a solid reference for the scholar.
	rmmla.wsu.edu /ereview/60.1/reviews/becker2.asp (460 words)

	Linguistics
		The primary aim of my research is to bridge the gap that separates biolinguistic theories of the human language faculty from the empirical study of Labovian variation and change in progress.
		My general research interests in theoretical linguistics include biolinguistics, syntax, morphology, the syntax/morphology interface, parametric variation, and language acquisition.
		I am especially concerned with the unification of linguistics and evolutionary biology, in light of the comparative research program suggested in recent work by Hauser, Chomsky, and Fitch (2002).
	www.punksinscience.org /jeffrey/linguistics.htm (692 words)

	Paul Kiparsky's Home Page
		The Yearbook of South Asian Languages and Linguistics, 2005.
		Among the presenters were former students of his who wished to celebrate his fifty years of inspired teaching.
		Sponsored by the Stanford Humanities Center, this workshop brought together poets, linguists, and musicians, in a series of encounters that combined performance with discussion of topics of common concern.
	www.stanford.edu /~kiparsky (841 words)

	Lingusitics texts? \| Ask MetaFilter
		Language and Thought and Action by SI Hayakawa is more about the semantics aspect of linguistics but shares some of the wordplay aspects that makes reading Wittgenstein enjoyable.
		Pinker is polemically opposed to (a caricatured account of) sociolinguistics and anthropological linguistics, but aside from that The Language Instinct is a marvelous book to introduce a general reader to cognitive linguistics and evolutionary psychology.
		And while I am thinking about it, Chomsky's famous 1959 review of Skinner's Verbal Behavior is a locus classicus of a major cleavage in modern linguistic thought, often cited as the moment cognitive science took the flag from behaviorist theory in language science, still provocative and amazing 46 years later.
	ask.metafilter.com /mefi/21735 (1348 words)

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