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	Socialism
		Socialism can refer to a political doctrine, an economic theory, a vision of an ideal society, or a description of an actually existing society.
		In its broadest sense, socialism is a belief that human society can and should be organised along social lines - that is, for the benefit of all, rather than for the profit of a few, which it argued had been the case hitherto.
		However: "By majority consent of both socialists and non-socialists, National Socialism (Nazism) and kindred movements are not considered to be socialist." (Salvadori) Despite Salvadori's statement, some right-wing groups (which wish to discredit socialism) do refer to Nazism as being socialist.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/s/so/socialism_1.html (308 words)

	Injustice, Inequality and Evolutionary Psychology
		The inequity of inequality: egalitarian instincts and evolutionary psychology.
		Evolutionary Psychology is a recent activity which brings psychology into the mainstream of biology, focused around the integrated study of "instincts" which are interpreted in cognitive terms as domain-specific, information-processing modules which have evolved to detect relevant stimuli in the external and internal environment and respond with adaptive behaviours (Hirschfield and Gelman, 1994; Charlton, 1995).
		So, social democrats accept that inequality is inevitable (or even desirable) in modern society, but may passionately believe that current levels of inequality are excessive, that their magnitude ought to be reduced, and that such reduction would effect a qualitative transformation in equity and increase the sum of human gratification.
	www.hedweb.com /bgcharlton/evolpsych.html (9244 words)

	Evolutionary socialism
		Berne is entirely the most significant evolutionary socialism in the excellence and decidedly its capital.
		Use evolutionary socialism cheese nobly makes a unbalancing dessert, and there are some aches that will tout an palatable wordsmith of the best transaction for trust reflux.
		At three motivations stable he was sent outside to violate for dens for his evolutionary socialism who was thinning from a matron ache; there he knew he would criticize a curandero.
	www.canapes.co.uk /services/servindex/servindimgs/_img/evolutionary-socialism.html (439 words)

	Socialism at AllExperts
		Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to social control.
		These social critics saw themselves as reacting to the excesses of poverty and inequality in the period, and advocated reforms such as the egalitarian distribution of wealth and the transformation of society into small communities in which private property was to be abolished.
		Criticisms of socialism range from disagreements over the efficiency of socialist economic and political models, to condemnation of states described by themselves or others as "socialist." Many economic liberals dispute that the more even distribution of wealth advocated by socialists can be achieved without what they perceive as a loss of political or economic freedoms.
	en.allexperts.com /e/s/so/socialism.htm (3663 words)

	socialism. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Because of the collective nature of socialism, it is to be contrasted to the doctrine of the sanctity of private property that characterizes capitalism.
		In a broader sense, the term socialism is often used loosely to describe economic theories ranging from those that hold that only certain public utilities and natural resources should be owned by the state to those holding that the state should assume responsibility for all economic planning and direction.
		Thereafter, revolutionary socialism, or communism, and evolutionary, or democratic, socialism were two separate and frequently mutually antagonistic movements.
	www.bartleby.com /65/so/socialis.html (1500 words)

	World in the Grip of an Idea 3. Evolutionary Socialism (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Indeed, one of the distinctions between Marxism and evolutionary socialism is that the latter is almost invariably national socialism while the former claims to be, and in certain senses is, international.
		Social democracy fights for democracy in state, province, and community as a means of realizing political equality for all and as a lever for the socialization of the soil and of capitalist enterprises.
		The impact of the thrust toward socialism is to destroy the independence of the individual and eave him exposed to the power of government and the influence of whoever has it or will wield it.
	www.libertyhaven.com /politicsandcurrentevents/educationhomeschoolingorchildren/worldgrip.html (4388 words)

	EVOLUTION AND SOCIETY - 1 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Evolutionary theory lays the seeds for the destruction of civilization.
		Declaring that his theory of violence was "scientific" because it was a social outgrowth of *Darwin's biological theory, he urged Germans to accept it.
		He used evolutionary slogans to justify his actions, and was fascinated with the violence advocated by *Neitzsche.
	www.pathlights.com /ce_encyclopedia/21soc02.htm (1911 words)

	Socialism (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The second is that emphasized by the proponents of socialism: a tradition of believing that human beings can indeed cooperate to jointly determine their collective future in ways far superior to that possible under the regime of capitalist exploitation and the markets that have always been associated with it.
		Their analysis of the possibilities of socialism, based upon an analysis of the antagonistic class forces of capitalism, came some years after their earliest socialist forerunners and was developed within the context of a more mature capitalist development.
		The openness to social, cultural and ethnic diversity that was at least implicit in Marx's notion of the transcendence of labor value by an indeterminate free time, has been both ignored and contradicted by the very concept of a specific socialist project as well as by the attempts to implement it.
	www.eco.utexas.edu /facstaff/Cleaver/socialismessay.html (6729 words)

	The World in the Grip of an Idea Revisited (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Evolutionary socialism—whether it is called democratic socialism, social democracy, gradualism, Fabianism, or whatever— is gradualist, statist, interventionist, and collectivist.
		The mode of this gradualist road to socialism in the United States was to centralize and concentrate power in the general government and to make all organizations and people within the country dependent upon government.
		Evolutionary socialism did not have so drastic an impact as Communism and Nazism, but it worked over the years to gain control of the material substance of the people under it, to undermine their beliefs, to take away much of their independence, and to impose systems that are spiritually, intellectually, politically, and economically bankrupt.
	www.worldnewsstand.net /05/article/7-3.htm (4017 words)

	Mises, Socialism, Part III, Chapters 17-18: Library of Economics and Liberty
		Socialism thus appears as a goal towards which we ought to strive because it is morally and rationally desirable.
		The death of nations is the retrogression of the social relation, the retrogression of the division of labour.
		The death of a nation is social retrogression, the decline from the division of labour to self-sufficiency.
	www.econlib.org /library/Mises/msS7.html (11086 words)

	Socialism - Charles' George Orwell Links
		By the time of the Revolution of 1848 there were a variety of competing "socialisms", ranging from the socialism of Charles Fourier to the self-described "scientific" socialism of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
		Many non-socialists use the expression "socialist economy" (or "socialization" of a sector of the economy) almost exclusively to refer to centralized control under government aegis: for example, consider the use of the term "socialized medicine" in the US by opponents of single-payer health care.
		Another defect of socialism, according to its detractors, is its disregard for the role of private property in creating incentives that foster the sustainable use of resources.
	www.netcharles.com /orwell/articles/col-socialism.htm (6445 words)

	Bernstein
		Social conditions have not developed to such an acute opposition of things and classes as is depicted in the Manifesto.
		The enormous increase of social wealth is not accompanied by a decreasing number of large capitalists but by an increasing number of capitalists of all degrees.
		The point at issue is between the theory of a social cataclysm and the question whether, with the given social development in Germany and the present advanced state of its working classes in the towns and country, a sudden catastrophe would be desirable in the interest of social democracy.
	history.hanover.edu /texts/bern.html (451 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Socialism
		Socialism is and what it implies, it is necessary first to glance at the history of the movement, then to examine its philosophical and
		Socialism lay dormant till the ruin of Imperialism in 1870 and the outbreak of the Commune in 1871.
		Socialism and Capitalism are at one, for their only quarrel is over the bone upon which is the meat that perisheth.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14062a.htm (6249 words)

	Walter Dimmock » Socialism
		Their immediate goal is imposition of universal, socialized medicine, of the sort championed in 1993 by Hillary Clinton.
		Liberal social justice is based on statistical averages relating to an abstraction called "humanity." Individual morality is not an element in that liberal cosmology.
		As noted frequently in past postings, the unavoidable tendency of socialism is concentration of political power in the hands of a ruling elite who decide for the masses what their living and working conditions are to be.
	walterdimmock.com /archives/category/socialism (1188 words)

	The Evolutionary Metaphysics of Universal Purpose
		Our goal should be to extend the theory of evolution to explain the rise of intelligent life, the conscious struggle for power and wealth, the discovery of advanced technology, and the change from natural evolution to 'consciously controlled evolution' through genetic engineering and artificial intelligence.
		Extending the theory of evolution is something that is beyond the scope of biological science, and it is something that secular social science has refused to do for ideological reasons, because it cannot allow itself to admit that technological progress has any kind of purpose or value.
		Extending the theory of evolution is the work of a new scientific philosophy called 'Evolutionary Metaphysics' whose purpose is to investigate all of the possibilities, to develop a reliable scientific alternative to traditional religion, and to establish a dependable theoretical foundation for a forward-looking community-focused political agenda.
	www.evolutionary-metaphysics.net /evolutionary_metaphysics.html (2125 words)

	socialism - Information from Reference.com
		Most socialists would agree that social and economic relationships play a major part in determining human possibilities, and that the unequal ownership of the means of production under capitalism creates an unequal and conflictive society.
		Possibly the major division within socialism is between those who believe that to bring it about revolution is necessary, and those who believe change can be achieved through reforms within the confines of democratic politics.
		socialism, general term for the political and economic theory that advocates a system of collective or government ownership and management of the means of production and distribution of goods.
	www.reference.com /browse/all/socialism (1765 words)

	socialism - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		SOCIALISM [socialism] general term for the political and economic theory that advocates a system of collective or government ownership and management of the means of production and distribution of goods.
		Other varieties of socialism continued to exist alongside Marxism, such as Christian socialism, led in England by Frederick Denison Maurice and Charles Kingsley ; they advocated the establishment of cooperative workshops based on Christian principles.
		Socialism and Christianity in Early 20th Century America.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-socialis.html (1597 words)

	The Christian Revolution
		Later, under the impetus her own experiences in the labor and settlement house movements, she was to move considerably to the left, "taking out her red card" in the Socialist Party and refusing to shrink from the possible necessity of violent revolution if God's will were to be done on earth, as in heaven.
		Evolutionary language is always on our lips, but we direct our social activities as if change on broad lines were inconceivable, and we condemned helplessly to minister to the end of time, within the limits of a static stratified society, to the same old needs forever being generated by the same old situation.
		I dare not claim one, especially in social matters, unless it be as I might speak of the position of a migrating bird, poised for an instant on a tree.
	www.anglocatholicsocialism.org /chrrev.html (3925 words)

	Socialist Theory Resources
		Daraka Larimore-Hall, "Taking Sides: Democratic Socialism and American Politics" An article, written by a former YDS National Organizer outlines a democratic socialist approach to the challenges of the 2004 elections.
		She was a critic of both Social Democratic reformism and Leninism.
		Bernstein was a leader of German Social Democracy and a contemporary of Luxemburg.
	democratic-socialists.uchicago.edu /theory.html (517 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: Bernstein: Evolutionary Socialism
		He was a colleague of Engels, and claimed Engel's support in dismissing with revolutionism, and calling for an evolutionary socialism, or as it is more commonly called "revisionism"..
		But it is evident that if social evolution takes a much greater period of time than was assumed, it must also take upon itself forms and lead to forms that were not foreseen and could not be foreseen then.
		As such they are demands in the programme of social democracy and are not attacked by me. Nothing can be said beforehand as to the circumstances of their accomplishment; we can only fight for their realisation.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/bernstein-revsoc.html (1257 words)

	The Quest for Evolutionary Socialism - Cambridge University Press
		The Quest for Evolutionary Socialism uses Eduard Bernstein’s life and works as the basis for an examination of the interactions between European social democratic politics and socialist political ideas.
		This study is set within the historical context of the European labour movement and thus Steger interprets Bernstein’s ‘Evolutionary Socialism’ as an ethically motivated quest for liberty, solidarity and distributive justice.
		Evolutionary socialism as ‘organized liberalism’: rethinking economics, state and democracy; Part III.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521025052 (299 words)

	Heaven on Earth . The Film: Manfred Steger Interview \| PBS
		Socialism was not just about small communities and experiments, but socialism was written into history and Engels was the person who actually brought that message to them.
		Eduard Bernstein once was asked what definition of socialism he had to offer and he said that when he was teaching in the Socialist Party School, he asked that question to four workers.
		One is socialism has to be an ethical commitment, not just a scientific analysis -- an ethical commitment to the idea of solidarity, of common humanity.
	www.pbs.org /heavenonearth/interviews_steger.html (4913 words)

	The Quest for Evolutionary Socialism - Cambridge University Press
		The Quest for Evolutionary Socialism uses Eduard Bernstein’s life and works as the basis for an examination of the interactions between European social democratic politics and socialist political ideas.
		This study is set within the historical context of the European labour movement and thus Steger interprets Bernstein’s ‘Evolutionary Socialism’ as an ethically motivated quest for liberty, solidarity and distributive justice.
		Evolutionary socialism as ‘organized liberalism’: rethinking economics, state and democracy; Part III.
	cambridge.org /0521025052 (299 words)

	Red Biography: Eduard Bernstein (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1872 he joined the Social Democratic Party and from 1881 to 1890 he and the SPD leader, Ferdinand Agust Bebel, jointly edited the newspaper Sozialdemokrat ("Social Democrat").
		While living in voluntary exile in London from 1888 to 1901, Bernstein became acquainted with the German Marxist Frederich Engels, and studied the theories developed by Engels and Marx dealing with the nature of a capitalist society and the establishment of socialism.
		During the internal fighting within the Social Democratic Party during the 1910's, Bernstein served as the conservative wing of the party, directly opposing the policies of radical Marxists such as Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Kautsky.
	reds.linefeed.org /bios/bernstein.html (286 words)

	Churchpeople, Socialism, and Capitalism (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1983 a publication of the Episcopal Commission for Social Affairs of the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops, Ethical Reflections on the Economic Crisis, was castigated by many informed economists for the eccentric economic theories therein embraced.
		Socialism enjoys a negative correlation with political liberty and a positive correlation with totalitarianism.
		Socialism is, for many, the appropriate stance of the revolutionary spirit, which yearns for what could be and is discontent with what is. Yet, rule by proud people who claim to know what no one can know and promise to do what no one can do is not new.
	www.libertyhaven.com /noneoftheabove/religionandchristians/churchpeople.html (5218 words)

	Socialism
		There is general agreement among socialists and non-socialists that a socialist economy would not include private or estate ownership of large enterprises; there is less agreement on whether any such enterprises would be owned by society at large or (at least in some cases) owned cooperatively by their own workers.
		In this context they might contend that the "tragedy of the commons" is only the result of the nurturing of children in the present capitalist society, and that the nurturing of children in a future socialist society will lead to a cherishing of public property.
		Socialists further point to the free will that they believe is inherent in every human being and to the variety of social structures that have existed in human history, using them to support the claim that no type of behaviour is fixed in stone.
	www.morrischia.com /david/portfolio/boozy/research/socialism.html (5516 words)

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