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Topic: Evolutionary stable strategy

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	Nash equilibrium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Let (S, f) be a game, where S is the set of strategy profiles and f is the set of payoff profiles.
		The globally optimal strategy is unstable; it is not an equilibrium.
		Stability is crucial in practical applications of Nash equilibria, since the mixed-strategy of each player is not perfectly known, but has to be inferred from statistical distribution of his actions in the game.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nash_equilibrium (2273 words)

	Evolutionarily stable strategy - One Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It is based on a concept of a population of organisms playing a certain strategy, that a mutant allele that causes organisms to adopt a different strategy cannot invade the population, but will instead be selected out by natural selection.
		(See the closely-related Nash equilibrium.) ESS is stable in respect to randomly and occasionally occurring invading strategies, thus it is not stable in respect to mass counts of invaders.
		The recent, controversial sciences of sociobiology and now evolutionary psychology attempt to explain animal and human behavior and social structures, largely in terms of evolutionarily stable strategies.
	www.onelang.com /encyclopedia/index.php/Evolutionarily_stable_strategy (440 words)

	Nash_equilibrium
		In game theory, the Nash equilibrium (named after John Nash, who proposed it) is a kind of optimal collective strategy in a game involving two or more players, where no player has anything to gain by changing only his or her own strategy.
		A game can have a pure strategy NE or a NE in its mixed extension (that of choosing a pure strategy stochastically with a fixed frequency).
		Note that stability of the equilibrium is connected to, but not the same thing as, the stability of a strategy.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/n/na/nash_equilibrium.html (2293 words)

	Game theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The most well-known equilibrium in biology is known as the Evolutionary stable strategy or (ESS), and was first introduced by John Maynard Smith (described in his 1982 book).
		Ronald Fisher (1930) suggested that the 1:1 sex ratios are a result of evolutionary forces acting on individuals who could be seen as trying to maximize their number of grandchildren.
		This general strategy is a component of the general social contract view in political philosophy (for examples, see Gauthier 1987 and Kavka 1986).
	www.abitabouteverything.com /files/g/ga/game_theory.html (3889 words)

	insurance Game_Theory - insurance-notes.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Game theory is a hybrid branch of applied mathematics and economics that studies strategic situations where players choose different actions in an attempt to maximize their returns.
		First developed as a tool for understanding economic behavior and then by the RAND Corporation to define nuclear strategies, game theory is now used in many diverse academic fields, ranging from biology and psychology to sociology and philosophy.
		Additionally, biologists have used evolutionary game theory and the ESS to explain the emergence of animal communication (Maynard Smith and Harper, 2003).
	insurance-notes.com /Game_Theory (2652 words)

	[No title]
		By combining the metaphysics of Justus Buchler and Michael Conrad's "statistical state model" of the evolutionary process, Salthe develops an ontology of the world, a formal theory of hierarchies and a model of the evolution of the world.
		Salthe's postmodernist strategy is to foster the deconstruction of the rationalist tradition in science and show that an alternative exists based on Aristotle's and Hegel's thinking.
		Over evolutionary time, organisms became more and more independent of their environment, controlling their own function and structure (emergence of internal regulating mechanisms counteracting the action of the environment).
	www.thymos.com /mind/s.html (6184 words)

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