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Topic: Evolvable hardware

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	Evolvable hardware - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Software configurable hardware, such as Programmable Logic Arrays, are on the market which accept a bit string instruction which is used to configure or “wire up” a hardware circuit to give it a desired architecture.
		An example of this is zygote development, where a number of identical cells exchange signals then differentiate to perform different tasks depending on their position in the organism.
		Evolvable hardware can be considered a subset of bio-inspired engineering, a wider field which applies biological concepts such as evolution, growth, immune systems and agents to engineering.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Evolvable_hardware (778 words)

	People: Lukas Sekanina
		Sekanina is currently developing what he calls evolvable components, a project that is intended to permit someone writing a computer program in a high level language such as C++ to specify that certain sections of the code, or code "components," are to be evolved.
		His idea is to simplify the incorporation of genetic algorithms and evolvable hardware into new or existing software and applications by providing software and hardware support and a single, standard interface.
		Sekanina's research has spanned and integrated formal methods, efficiency testing, evolvable hardware, evolutionary algorithms, embedded hardware, software system design, and programming, and his thesis goal is to provide a "theoretical and formal approach to evolvable systems." Evolvable components are the subject of Sekanina's doctoral disseration.
	www.cellmatrix.com /entryway/involvement/people/sekanina.html (806 words)

	Partners - AIRCe.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Evolvable Hardware is an emerging field that applies evolution to automate design and adaptation of physical reconfigurable and morphable structures such as electronic systems, antennas, MEMS and robots.
		The purpose of this conference is to bring together leading researchers from the evolvable hardware community, representatives of the automated design and programmable/reconfigurable hardware communities, technology developers and end-users from the aerospace, military and commercial sectors.
		Evolvable Hardware is expected to have major impact on deployable systems for space systems and defense applications that need to survive and perform at optimal functionality during long duration in unknown, harsh and/or changing environments.
	www.prodigyweb.net.mx /pablorp80/notice1.html (631 words)

	Evolvable Hardware at University of Oslo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This is the Home page for the research on Evolvable Hardware at Department of Informatics, University of Oslo.
		Evolvable hardware (EHW) has recently been introduced as a new scheme for designing systems for real-world applications.
		One of the main problems in evolving hardware systems seems to be the limitation in the chromosome string length.
	heim.ifi.uio.no /~jimtoer/ehwpage.htm (282 words)

	Dictionary of Meaning www.mauspfeil.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		By treating the bit string instruction as a Chromosome (genetic algorithm) Genetic Algorithm “chromosome”, one has the means to '''evolve hardware'''.
		Hardware Evolutionary algorithm Evolutionary Algorithms can be divided into two types: ; those using extrinsic evolution : where the genetic algorithm is applied in software to a simulation of the artefact being evolved, and ; those using intrinsic evolution : where the genetic algorithm is applied to the artefact itself.
		There you find a list of all editors and the possibility to edit the original text of the article Evolvable hardware.
	www.mauspfeil.net /Evolvable_hardware.html (834 words)

	List of Presentations - Dagstuhl Seminar 00261
		Evolvable hardware refers to hardware that can change its architecture and behaviour dynamically and autonomously by interacting with its environment.
		The use of electronically evolvable hardware promises to be an intermediate research platform.
		A lot of research on regular algorithms and their mapping to VLSI hardware was conducted in the 1980's, but the high degree of specialization caused extraordinary costs for real implementations.
	www.icsa.informatics.ed.ac.uk /Dagstuhl/00261/talks.html (7397 words)

	The Second NASA/DoD Workshop on Evolvable Hardware (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Evolvable hardware is an emerging field that applies simulated evolution to the design and adaptation of physical structures, particularly electronic systems.
		Evolvable hardware techniques enable self-reconfigurability and adaptability of programmable devices and thus have the potential to significantly increase the functionality of deployed hardware systems.
		Evolvable hardware methods could also be effective in dealing with increased complexity and reliability requirements in areas such as sensors, MEMS, biomolecular design, quantum computing, and nanoelectronics.
	ic-www.arc.nasa.gov /projects/eh2000 (200 words)

	Artificial Life VII: Workshops and Tutorials
		As an aid in structuring contributions from evolvable hardware and hardware construction to ALIFE, we outline some potential questions which may be addressed by contributors within the framework of the workshop.
		Contributions to specifically ALIFE aspects or evolvable hardware and to model construction systems capable of self replication and evolution are invited.
		This EVOLVABILITY WORKSHOP follows upon the growing awareness from academia, industry, and research communities of the importance of a capacity to vary robustly over time or generations in digital and natural systems.
	alife7.alife.org /workshops.shtml (4913 words)

	CURRENT PROJECTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		A certain class of hardware circuits, known as asynchronous logic, may have a fundamental advantage over the software-implemented models, entirely unrelated to the computational power gain.
		By its very hardware nature, the asynchronous (clockless) logic may be well suited for the proposed computational modeling of self-organization in neurobiological systems near the midpoint of phase transition in K-Satisfiability.
		As a hardware architecture based on synchronous cellular automata, the earlier developed Genobyte’s research platform CAM-Brain Machine may be impossible to retrofit for the proposed research due to an entirely different set of objectives, methods, and architectural tradeoffs applied at the time.
	www.genobyte.com /projects.html (2484 words)

	Electronic Vision(s) Group
		The question, to which extent a process of artificial evolution is useful to solve complex design problems is not answered yet, but within the field of evolvable hardware it is attempted to push these limits.
		Within the field of evolvable hardware - a field that emerged in the 1990s - however, it is attempted to use EAs to creatively design hardware.
		In the most strict sense a piece of evolvable hardware would be a device that can adapt itself to solve the problem at hand in the environment.
	www.kip.uni-heidelberg.de /vision/projects/eh (570 words)

	Evolvable Hardware in view of evolvable components
		Evolvable hardware (EHW) may be considered as a technology, which enables to establish an evolvable system with ability of hardware on-line adaptation to dynamically changing environments [1].
		The term of extrinsic evolvable hardware (or off-line) is used in the case of SW circuit simulation (only the best connection is downloaded into a chip) and this approach should be only referred as the evolutionary circuit design [2].
		Evolvable hardware can be used for a construction of digital circuit using evolution without knowledge of its internal structure.
	www.fit.vutbr.cz /~sekanina/ehw/evco/index.html (4410 words)

	Under Construction's Biographic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		His current NASA/JPL projects are in the areas of Evolvable Hardware, Sensor Fusion Hardware, rover Intelligence, and Robot Fostering.
		He is also the Principal Investigator for the Evolvable Hardware for Adaptive Computing project funded by DARPA.
		Self-reconfiguration is needed to endow devices with the flexibility of in-situ, during the mission, adaptation to unforeseen condition and with enhanced fault-tolerance.
	cism.jpl.nasa.gov /sando/astoice.html (298 words)

	Seminar Information
		The goal of NASA/JPL work in evolvable hardware is to provide flexible, self-healing, adaptive and evolvable HW resources for long-life, survivable spacecraft enabling unprecedented missions at distant locations and in harsh environments.
		He was Conference keynote speaker at ISMVL, ANNIE, gave tutorials at GECCO 2001 and CEC2003, and taught the first short course on Evolvable Hardware in the summer of 2003 at UCLA Extension.
		He has published over 70 papers in the areas of evolvable hardware, reconfigurable computing, fuzzy logic, neural networks, robot learning and is serving in the editorial board of several journals.
	www.itee.uq.edu.au /~esg/about/_seminarinfo?seminarID=9 (574 words)

	Evolvable-Hardware (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The new field of Evolvable Hardware (EHW or E-Hard) was born in the summer of 1992, when I was discussing ideas with an electronics engineer (EE) colleague of mine at my American university (George Mason, VA) where I'm an affiliate.
		In an S-RAM based FPGA, or reconfigurable hardware in general, an individual bit is used to act as an activating switch or part of a coded instruction, or address, etc in the reconfigurable hardware.
		Since the evolution may be able to adapt to fabrication faults on the chip, WSI (Wafer Scale Integration) may become possible, enormously increasing the size of the chip, so that putting the chromosomes, the evolving circuit, the fitness measurement and evolutionary algorithmic control all on one chip, seems doable.
	www.cs.usu.edu /~degaris/papers/CACM-E-Hard.html (4296 words)

	ICES98 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		on Evolvable Systems, Sept 24-26, 1998) in beautiful Lausanne, Switzerland, was "How many people will be at this conference?" Of course, I was trying to judge by how much the field had grown since the first such conference was held two years ago in Tsukuba, Japan (that I report on here).
		Many evolutionary computation type conferences now have evolvable hardware sessions, and the world media has been active in writing articles about E-Hard, for example the prestigious journal "Science" p1 p2.
		Sensors are attached to a human hand which send signals to the evolvable chip which learns to control the motors of the robot hand.
	www.cs.usu.edu /~degaris/conf_trip/ICES98.html (2043 words)

	JPL Evolvable Systems Laboratory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Mission Statement To develop and demonstrate self-reconfigurable circuits that evolve directly in hardware on a VLSI chip.
		Evolving directly in hardware ensures validity of the solution, and speeds up the evolution orders of magnitude compared to software simulations.
		A speed-up of more than four orders of magnitude compared to a simulation on a Pentium II 300 Pro is targeted for this effort.
	ehw.jpl.nasa.gov (136 words)

	Evolvable Hardware as a New Computer Architecture - Torresen (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: Evolvable Hardware (EHW) is a new scheme - inspired by natural evolution, for designing hardware systems.
		0.5: An Evolvable Hardware FPGA for Adaptive Hardware - Haddow, Tufte (2000)
		11 Evolvable hardware and its applications to pattern recogniti..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /torresen02evolvable.html (654 words)

	Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 1, 171]174 2000
		It was clear from some of the invited talks that reconfigurable and evolvable hardware systems were going to be increasingly important in remotely operated and autonomous spacecraft.
		The field of evolvable hardware is still new and most workers are content to explore what evolvable hardware is capable of.
		Every evolvable hardware research group should have one (they are very affectionate!).
	www.cellmatrix.com /entryway/products/pub/miller.html (1345 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Hardware evolution (evolvable hardware) is one of the most challenging and significant areas of research in the use of evolutionary computation and methodology.
		New hardware architecture and devices are needed to achieve hardware evolution.
		A long evolutionary process results in a brain architecture in which a large set of specialized subsystems emerge which interactively carry out the tasks necessary for survival and reproduction, and it turns out to be impossible to train a large-scale task from scratch in such networks.
	www.hip.atr.co.jp /departments/dept6.RR.html (3117 words)

	Main Evolvable Hardware (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This technique is termed hardware evolution or equally, evolvable hardware.
		Evolvable hardware may be considered to be a subset of artificial evolution, where the evolved solution is represented in hardware instead of software.
		Instead of having all (Extrinsic) or part (Intrinsic) of the evolution process in the host processor, a hardware implementation of the evolution process is used to drive evolution.
	www.idi.ntnu.no /%7Epauline/ehwmain.html (481 words)

	Moshe Sipper, ICEC'97: Special Session "Toward Evolware" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The inaugural workshop, Towards Evolvable Hardware, took place in Lausanne in October 1995, followed by the First International Conference on Evolvable Systems: From Biology to Hardware (ICES'96) held in Japan in October 1996 (proceedings of both conferences are available from Springer-Verlag).
		In robotics, it is not enough only to evolve the control circuit - the performance of the control circuit is dependent on other hardware parameters, the robot body plan, which might include body size, wheel radius, motor time constant, sensors, etc. Both control circuit and body plan co-evolve in true evolvable hardware.
		Further, we have developed a new hardware module for the Khepera robot, namely ears with programmable amplifiers, synthesizers, and mixers, that allow us to study true evolvable hardware by modelling the evolution of auditory sensor morphology.
	www.cs.bgu.ac.il /~sipper/icec97-evolware.html (438 words)

	Evolvable Hardware at FIT
		The idea of polymorphic electronics was discovered by JPL's evolvable hardware group.
		Complete hardware implementations of evolvable systems on FPGAs at the level of IP core developed, see publications.
		Development for evolvable hardware - we evolved constructors (programs) for designing arbitrarily large median and sorting networks, see publications.
	www.fit.vutbr.cz /~sekanina/ehw/outcomes.html (342 words)

	Marconi-Funded Research Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Evolvable hardware (EHW) refers to one particular type of hardware whose architecture/structure and functions change dynamically and autonomously in order to improve its performance in performing certain tasks.
		It is impossible to change the hardware structure and its functions once it is made.
		This project will develop an evolutionary system for evolving hardware designs, and identify the advantages and limitations of the evolutionary approach in discovering novel hardware designs.
	www.cs.bham.ac.uk /research/marconi (683 words)

	Evolvable Hardware
		First, you must envision a computer chip as an evolvable entity -- an array of logic gates that can be connected in an almost infinite number of ways.
		Software instructions can be changed to achieve certain hardware goals just as genes can be rearranged to modify an organism.
		Furthermore, human operators can specify a hardware goal to the chip and let it evolve on its own, something it can do in microseconds rather than millions of years.
	www.science-frontiers.com /sf115/sf115p00.htm (298 words)

	Applied AI Systems, Inc. - Intelligent Robots - Khepera II - Evolvable Hardware Turret
		A Khepera add-on turret for evolutionary experiments in hardware on a single or a group of Khepera robots using FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays).
		Once a new generation of individuals is established by selection and sexual recombination, each genotype in the population describes functions and connections of the cells of FPGA and other parameters that define the running of the reconfigurable hardware.
		In "intrinsic" hardware evolution, FPGA's physical characteristics are drawn into the process of evolution to achieve desirable sensory-motor responses.
	www.aai.ca /robots/khep_fpga.html (698 words)

	Synthesis of Fuzzy-Logic Circuits in Evolvable Hardware
		To recapitulate from the cited prior articles: "Evolution" and "evolvable" as applied to EHW are meant in a quasi-genetic sense, referring to the construction and testing of a sequence of populations of circuits that function as incrementally better solutions of a given design problem.
		If evolved circuits are tested by mathematical modeling (that is, computational simulation) only, the evolution is said to be extrinsic; if they are tested in real hardware, the evolution is said to be intrinsic; if they are tested in random sequences of computational simulation and real hardware, the evolution is said to be mixtrinsic.
		For the synthesis of fuzzy-logic circuitry following the present approach, the hardware portion of an EHW system is a field-programmable transistor array (FPTA) — a very-large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuit that contains electronically reconfigurable cellular arrays of transistors (optionally also including resistors and capacitors).
	www.nasatech.com /Briefs/Nov02/NPO21095.html (685 words)

	Off-line Evolution for a Robot Navigation System based on a Gate-Level Evolvable Hardware - Keymeulen, Konaka, Iwata, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Abstract: Recently there has been a great interest in the design and study of evolvable systems based on Artificial Life principles in order to control the behavior of physically embedded systems such as a mobile robot.
		This paper studies an evolutionary navigation system for a mobile robot using a Boolean function approach implemented on gatelevel evolvable hardware (EHW).
		The task of the mobile robot is to reach a goal represented by a colored light while avoiding obstacles during its motion.
	citeseer.lcs.mit.edu /125882.html (717 words)

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