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| | MrSci.com: All Science, All the Time |
 | | For this reason, it can be said that exact science, at least in the strict sense, did not arise until the invention of the publicly available scientific journal, say around 1640, or at least with the availability of printed books, say around 1540, in Europe. |
 | | Exact sciences are distinguished from the social sciences on the one hand, and from the humanities, theology, the arts on the other. |
 | | In this sense "natural sciences" can be an alternative phrase for biological sciences, involved in biological processes, or perhaps also the earth sciences, as might distinguished from the physical sciences (more directly involved in the study of physical and chemical laws underlying the universe). |
| www.mrsci.com /applied.html (944 words) |
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