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	Exchequer - LoveToKnow 1911
		The Michaelmas and Easter exchequers were the sessions of this court "at the exchequer" or chess-board as it had previously sat "at the tallies." The constitution of the court was that of the normal Frankish curia.
		In the upper exchequer the justiciar appointed the calculator, who exhibited the state of each account by means of counters on the exchequer table, so that the proceedings of the court might be clear to the presumably illiterate sheriff.
		The chancellor of the exchequer still presides at the ceremony of "pricking the list of sheriffs," which is a quasi-judicial function; and on that occasion he wears a robe of fl silk with gold embroidery, which suggests a judicial costume.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Exchequer (4035 words)

	Exchequer, Court of - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Its jurisdiction over common pleas now steadily increased, to include, for example, money disputes between private litigants on the assumption that the plaintiff was indebted to the crown and needed payment from the defendant to enable him to pay the king.
		In 1875 the Court of Exchequer became, by the Judicature Act of 1873, the exchequer division of the High Court of Justice, and in 1880 was combined with the Court of Common Pleas into the Queen's Bench.
		Speech by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown, at the Annual Conference of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development on 24 April 2001.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-excheque.html (405 words)

	Exchequer of pleas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Exchequer of Pleas or Exchequer was one of the three common-law courts of Medieval and Early Modern England.
		The term Exchequer is used where there is no possibility of confusion with the government department of the Exchequer of which the Exchequer of Pleas formed a part.
		It seems that the judicial business of the Exchequer grew until, by 1290, it had become a regular common law court on a par with the courts of the King's Bench and the Common Pleas.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/e/ex/exchequer_of_pleas.html (317 words)

	Exchequer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Exchequer was (and in some cases still is) a part of the governments of England (latterly to include Wales, Scotland and Ireland) that was responsible for the management and collection of revenues.
		At an early stage in England (certainly by 1190) it split into a purely administrative part, the Exchequer of Receipt, which collected revenue, and a judicial part, the Exchequer of Pleas, which was a court concerned with the King's revenue.
		The Scottish exchequer was slower to develop a separate judicial role, and it was not until 1584 that it became a court of law, separate from the King's council.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Exchequer (590 words)

	Exchequer's Law Court in London 1819 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The king's attorney-general is made privy to all manner of pleas that are not ordinary, and of course, which rise upon the process of the court: and he puts into court, in his own name information of seizures.
		From the very first establishment of the exchequer it was customary to make a great roll every year, containing an exact account of every branch of the royal revenue, as it was collected in each county.
		According to Madox's "History of the Exchequer," it consists of sixteen large rolls, written on both sides, about four feet long, one with another, (for they are not of equal length,) and a foot broad.
	www.londonancestor.com /leighs/crt-excheq.htm (389 words)

	The Avalon Project : The Dialogue Concerning the Exchequer. circa 1180
		The exchequer is a quadrangular surface about ten feet in length, five in breadth, placed before those who sit around it in the manner of a table, and all around it it has an edge about the height of one's four fingers, lest any thing placed upon it should fall off.
		Although the offices of those who have seats at the greater exchequer seem to differ in certain functions, the purpose, nevertheless, of all the offices is the same, to look out for the king's advantage; with due regard for equity, however, according to the fixed laws of the exchequer.
		In the second, moreover which is on the long side of the exchequer, sits, in the place at the head the clerk or another servant of the chamberlains, with the "recauta," that is, with the counter-tallies from the Receipt.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/medieval/excheq.htm (15650 words)

	Exchequer
		It is a most learned essay concerning all that went on at the bi-yearly meetings of the exchequer (the treasury of England) officials, and branches out into a description of all the sources of revenue of the English crown, and of the methods of collecting them.
		The exchequer is a quadrangular surface about ten feet in length, -five in breadth, placed before those [24] sit around it in the 'manner of a table, and all around it it has an edge about the height of one's four fingers, lest any thing placed upon it should fall off.
		There is placed over the top of the exchequer, moreover, a cloth bought at the Easter term, not an ordinary one but a fl one marked with stripes, the stripes being distant from each other the space of a foot or the breadth of a hand.
	www2.tltc.ttu.edu /howe/excheque.htm (2034 words)

	Bench - LoveToKnow 1911
		that reserved for the leaders of either party in the British House of Commons., King's Bench was one of the three superior courts of common law at Westminster, the others being the common pleas and the exchequer.
		The court of common pleas was sometimes called the common bench.
		Sittings in banc were formerly the sittings of one of the superior courts of Westminster for the hearing of motions, special cases, andc., as opposed to the nisi prius sittings for trial of facts, where usually only a single judge presided.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Bench (197 words)

	Selden Society Publications
		Three-quarters of the cases have been identified in the plea rolls, and the matching enrolments are printed with the reports.
		This collection of cases, mostly culled from the plea rolls of the two benches, will be designed to show how the king's courts delimited the scope of ecclesiastical jurisdiction in the age of Circumspecte agatis.
		It comprises the justices of the two benches, barons of the Exchequer, Masters of the Rolls, Vice-Chancellors, Lords Justices of Appeal, justices of the High Court, and Lords of Appeal in Ordinary.
	www.law.harvard.edu /programs/selden_society/pub.html (6182 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Dialogue concerning the Exchequer
		In the second, moreover, which is on the long side of the exchequer, sits, in the place at the head, the clerk or another servant of the chamberlains, with the "recauta," - that is, with the counter-tallies from the Receipt.
		The clerk of the constabulary is great, and busied at the curia regis; at the exchequer also he is called in, together with the magnates to all the most important affairs, and with his consent matters concerning the king are carried on.
		But from the pleas of the kingdom and from feudal reliefs, and from the cities or castles by which agriculture was not practised, cash money for the stipends or gifts of the soldiers, and for other necessary things came in.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/excheq1.html (15146 words)

	[No title]
		Pleas of land, however, and all that arose out of landholding, such as inheritance, down, and a vassal's obligations to his lord, were the peculiar province of the honorial court, the - 23 - court which a lord summoned for the free tenants of his fief.
		The Court of Common Pleas was by far the busiest branch of the king's court: it handled a wide range of litigation concerning property, obliga- tions, and wrongs.
		The Exchequer of Pleas, that branch of the king's court particularly associated with the Exchequer, the accounting agency of the royal government, handled matters pertaining to debts owed to the king and those involving charges against officials, such as the sheriffs, who were appointed in and accountable to the Exchequer.
	www.soci.niu.edu /~jthomas/class/papers/SOCILAW.ASCII96 (21019 words)

	Lalor, Cyclopaedia of Political Science, V.2, Entry 247, LAW, Common.: Library of Economics and Liberty
		He divided the court of exchequer into four distinct courts, each of which managed its own branch without dependence on the others, and as the lawyers introduced a system of carrying business from one court to another, the several courts became checks upon each other, and the administration of justice became wonderfully improved in tone.
		The court of common pleas in Lancaster and the court of pleas in Durham, have jurisdiction in personal matters, and form part of the high court of justice.
		judge of the court of common pleas, chief justice of the court of king's bench, member of the privy council, and had is not have been for the enmity and opposition of Lord Bacon, would have reached the position of lord chancellor.
	www.econlib.org /library/ypdbooks/lalor/llCy638.html (4447 words)

	Browne — The Judiciary through 1870
		The Governor and Council were thus a court of chancery, a court of exchequer, and a final provincial court of appeal.
		The hostility to the Court of Chancery extended to the Court of Exchequer, the colonists insisting that the Crown had no right to erect courts to adjudicate their affairs except such courts as the colonists should approve.
		In counties distant from New York, however, the proofs were taken in the Common Pleas and transmitted to the secretary's office at New York.
	www.courts.state.ny.us /history/elecbook/browne/pg2.htm (2609 words)

	Exchequer Chamber in London 1819 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This court has no original jurisdiction, but is merely a court of appeal, to correct the errors of other jurisdictions.
		It consists of the lord chancellor, the lord treasurer, and the judges of the king's bench and common pleas.
		Into the exchequer chamber are adjourned such causes as the judges find to be of great weight and difficulty, before any judgment is given on them in the court; and here are decided the cases which are referred to have the opinions of all the judges on them.
	www.londonancestor.com /leighs/crt-excham.htm (87 words)

	Iolanthe by W. S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan
		Exchequer, Queen's Bench, Court of Pleas and Divorce.
		The Court of Exchequer was at first the revenue department, its business being the collection of the King's debts.
		These three Courts were in existence at the time of Magna Carta (1215) and the Court of Exchequer later became purely a Court of Justice whose judges, called Barons, were in 1579 placed on an equity with the judges of the other two Courts.
	math.boisestate.edu /GaS/iolanthe/html/notes.html (1138 words)

	Selling the Church: The English Parish in Law, Commerce, and Religion, 1350-1550, by Robert C. Palmer. Chapter 1. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Enforcement of the 1529 Statutes: The Exchequer 8.
		One occupation of rectors was educational; some rectors were thus absent from the parish and used the parish revenue to attend university to obtain advanced degrees in theology, law, medicine.
		The primary common law court was the court of common pleas, situated at Westminster near London.
	uncpress.unc.edu /chapters/palmer_selling.html (6079 words)

	The United States is still a British Colony (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It is called the exchequer, scaccharium, from the chequed cloth, resembling a chess-board, which covers the table there; and on which, when certain of the king's accounts are made up, the sums are marked and scored with counters.
		Court of Exchequer: "An English superior court with jurisdiction of matter of law and matters involving government revenue." Ballentine's Law Dictionary Court of Exchequer: "A court for the correction and prevention of errors of law in the three superior common-law courts of the kingdom.
		The court of equity is held in the exchequer chamber before the lord treasurer, the chancellor of the exchequer, the chief baron, and three puisne' ones.
	www.wealth4freedom.com /history/BC-2.htm (5041 words)

	Sources of English Constitutional History: Chapter 56
		And such men are to be named and installed as are fit and worthy, and as have lands and tenements through which they may be held responsible for their actions to the king or to the people.
		And [we ordain] that in those parliaments pleas which are delayed in the said manner, and pleas wherein the justices are of different opinions, shall be recorded and settled.
		When, in the thirteenth century, the chancellor ceased to attend the meetings of the exchequer, his clerk became known as the chancellor of the exchequer.
	www.constitution.org /sech/sech_056.htm (1535 words)

	Law Books Selden Society Law Books
		This volume contains the whole of the first roll of Exchequer of Pleas (A.D. 1236-1237) and large selections from the second (A.D. 1259-1260) and from the roll of 1299-1300, with occasional cases taken from other rolls of the reigns of Henry III and Edward I. Volume 49, for 1932.
		This volume presents materials drawn mainly from the records of local courts and church courts from the 14th century onwards, and from the plea rolls of the common law courts in the 16th century.
		Volumes 111-112 contain all the reports of 142 cases heard in the Common Bench between 1268 and 1289, being all those which are identifiable as such in the miscellaneous collections of undated reports found in manuscript.
	www.lawbookexchange.com /selden_society.htm (4686 words)

	The Journal of History
		Exchequer: "That department of the English government which has charge of the collection of the national revenue; the treasury department." Black's Law Dictionary 4th ed.
		The court of exchequer is inferior in rank not only to the court of King's bench, but to the common pleas also: but I have chosen to consider it in this order, on account of its double capacity, as a court of law and a court of equity [44] also.
		Court of Exchequer: "A court for the correction and prevention of errors of law in the three superior common-law courts of the kingdom.
	www.truedemocracy.net /td13/11.html (5657 words)

	LHR 16:2 Forum--Desan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The case, decided for the bankers by the barons of the Exchequer in 1691 and reversed by the Court of Exchequer Chamber on appeal in 1696, was finally resolved in favor of the bankers by the House of Lords in 1700.
		His office was at the peak of the Exchequer hierarchy; he had a seat as a judge with a determinative vote in the Court of the Exchequer Chamber--the forum with power over appeals from the barons' Court of the Exchequer.
		The Court of the Exchequer (or Exchequer of Pleas) had originally developed within the Upper Exchequer (or Account) to enforce revenue collection, a history enlisted by both Treby and Somers to distinguish its common law jurisdiction from that of the treasurer, who controlled the issue of funds.
	www.press.uillinois.edu /journals/lhrtoc/lhr16_2frm1.html (17834 words)

	The Law Courts
		Around the eastern court are the offices of the Chancery, Exchequer, and Rolls court in the western square are those of the King's-bench, Hanaper, Remembrancer, and the repository of the rolls of Chancery.
		The front of the Pour Courts to-wards the Quay extends 450 feet, and its depth is 170.
		The first institution of an Irish Inn of Court took place in the reign of Edward I.: it was called Collet's Inn, and was outside the city walls, where Exchequer-street and George's-street south are now built; here also were the superior courts of justice.
	www.chapters.eiretek.org /books/Wright/wright22.htm (2502 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Common Law
		The Court of King's Bench was considered the highest of these three tribunals, although an appeal might be taken from the decisions thereof to the House of Lords.
		The Court of Common Pleas had jurisdiction over ordinary civil actions, while the Court of Exchequer was restricted in its jurisdiction to causes affecting the royal revenues.
		The Court of King's Bench, Common Pleas and the Exchequer, together with the High Court of Chancery, were justly famous throughout Christendom.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09068a.htm (2222 words)

	Family history \| Attorneys
		Admissions to the Exchequer of Pleas, the common law
		Rolls of attorneys admitted to other courts seeking to practice in the Exchequer are in E 3/6-10
		The equity side of the Exchequer had a similar jurisdiction to the Chancery Court.
	www.nationalarchives.gov.uk /familyhistory/guide/trade/attorneys.htm (684 words)

	Public records: Common law records
		A class containing the plea and essoin rolls (known as curia regis rolls) for both the divisions of the royal court (the Bench and coram rege) up to 1272, together with some early rolls of the justices itinerant.
		The plea rolls (known as the de banco rolls), recording proceedings in the Court of Common Pleas (earlier known as the Bench) later than those in the curia regis rolls, and including enrolments of some private deeds.
		The common law jurisdiction of the Exchequer related to officers of the Exchequer and debtors of the crown; the number of pleas remained relatively small before the 17th century.
	www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk /guide/leg.shtml (3016 words)

	[William S. Hein & Co., Inc.] Selden Society Annual Series v. 1-119 (1887-2002)
		This is a continuation of Volume 27 published for 1912 (Year Books Series, Volume VII), comprising the remainder of the civil pleas in alphabetical order, and a collection of notes dealing with miscellaneous matters.
		This volume contains the whole of the first roll of Exchequer of Pleas (A.D. 1236-1237) and large selections from the second (A.D. 1259-1260) and from the roll of 1299-1300, with occasional cases taken from other rolls of the reigns of Henry III and Edward I. * Volume 49, for 1932.
		This volume contains a selection of pleas from the rolls of the Court of King's Bench during the first half of Edward I's reign.
	lists.washlaw.edu /pipermail/marketing/Week-of-Mon-20040524/000773.html (2971 words)

	Chapter On Changes of Ministry of The English Constitution by Walter Bagehot
		The Patent Office was under the Lord Chancellor, and the Court of Chancery is one of the multitude of our institutions which owe their existence to fee competition,—and so it was the Lord Chancellor’s business to look after the fees, which of course, as an occupied judge, he could not.
		A certain Act of Parliament did indeed require that the fees of the Patent Office should be paid into the ‘Exchequer;’ and, again, the ‘Chancellor of Exchequer,’ was thought to be responsible in the matter, but only by those who did not know.
		According to our system the Chancellor of the Exchequer is the enemy of the Exchequer; a whole series of enactments try to protect it from him.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/1/328/2415/27968/12.html (901 words)

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