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	Excimer Laser Basics
		Excimer lasers are pulsed gas discharge lasers which produce optical output in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum.
		The rate of most excimer laser machining processes is determined by the material, the laser wavelength and the average power and /or the repetition rate of the laser, energy is usually not a determining factor.
		Excimer lasers are typically used in machining materials which are hard to machine with other types of lasers, or where very high precision is required.
	www.gamlaser.com /excimer_laser_basics.htm (688 words)

	Excimer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An excimer (originally short for excited dimer) is a short-lived dimeric or heterodimeric molecule formed from two species, at least one of which is in an electronic excited state.
		Excimers are often diatomic and are formed between two atoms or molecules that would not bond if both were in the ground state.
		The wavelength of an excimer's emission is longer than that of the excited monomer's emission, because the excimer is stabilized compared to the excited monomer.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Excimer (438 words)

	Excimer laser - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		An excimer laser typically uses a combination of an inert gas (Argon, krypton, or xenon) and a reactive gas (fluorine or chlorine).
		Excimer lasers are usually operated with a pulse rate of around 100 Hz and a pulse duration of ~10 ns, although some operate as high as 8 kHz and 30 ns.
		Excimer laser light is typically absorbed within the first billionth of a meter (nanometer) of tissue.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Excimer_laser (605 words)

	Excimer laser at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The first excimer laser was invented in 1971 by Nikolai Basov, V.A. Danilychev and Yu.M. Popov, at the P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute in Moscow, using a xenon dimer (Xe) excited by an electron beam to give stimulated emission at 172 nm wavelength.
		Most excimers lasers are of the nobel gas halide type, for which the term excimer is strictly speaking a misnomer (since a dimer usually refers to a molecule of two identical or similar parts), but this is the usual name for these lasers.
		Excimer lasers are usually operated with a pulse rate of around 100 Hz and a pulse duration of ~10 ns.
	www.wiki.tatet.com /Excimer_laser.html (372 words)

	Excimer Lasers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Excimer laser refers to a rare-gas halide laser that emit powerful pulses of light whose wavelengths are mostly in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum.
		The word excimer is a combination of excited dimers, this comes from the fact that excimer lasers are made from a mixture of a rare-gas such as argon, krypton, and xenon; and a halide like fluorine, chlorine, and bromine.
		In the tube of the excimer laser, a rare gas and a halide are mixed with an inert gas, such as helium at high pressure.
	www.lasalle.edu /academ/chem/laser_web/excimer.htm (419 words)

	Excimer Laser LASIK, LASEK, PRK
		The excimer laser is the primary technology for the treatment of refractive errors or optical problems of the eye, including nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism.
		The excimer laser is a "cold" laser that is able to meticulously remove fine layers of tissue from the surface of the cornea.
		Excimer laser techniques may be used to reshape the cornea and correct refractive problems in a finely-controlled fashion by removing an ultrathin "tissue contact lens" from the surface of the eye.
	www.vision-institute.com /techniques/excimer.html (528 words)

	Sharper Vision Centers \| LASIK Laser Eye Surgery - Torrance, Los Angeles, Century City, Laguna Hills
		Central islands - A manageable complication of excimer laser vision correction where the laser beam fails to remove a portion of cornea- usually in the center of the area to be removed.
		Excimer laser surgery involves the removal of or fashioning of concave (myopic) or convex (hyperopic) lenses on the corneal surface.
		The argon fluoride excimer wavelength is 193 nm.
	www.sharpervisioncenters.com /glossary.asp (4731 words)

	The Eyecare Trust - Excimer Laser Photorefractive Surgery (LASIK) - Raising awareness of eye care and eye wear issues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Excimer lasers emit ultraviolet light (radiation) which is absorbed by the surface of the cornea, allowing removal of microscopic portions of tissue from the front of the cornea (approximately 0;25 microns or 1/4000th of a millimetre per laser pulse), thus altering its shape, to yield, theoretically, a very precise change in its focusing power.
		Clinical excimer lasers are very complicated and sensitive instruments requiring careful calibration, monitoring of energy output and regular maintenance as is demanded by their meticulous application to surgery of the human cornea.
		Excimer laser techniques produce a relative flattening of the cornea and may make accurate measurement of the intraocular pressure more difficult, therefore glaucoma is a relative contraindication to excimer laser surgery.
	www.eye-care.org.uk /item_view.php?item_id=129&content_id=6 (7291 words)

	Excimer Laser Treatment \| Dr John Hill Eye Laser Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
		The modern method of using the Excimer Laser to correct refractive errors is a breakthrough which can benefit millions of patients who are shortsighted or have other refractive errors.
		Excimer Laser treatment is an elective procedure and, as with any form of surgery, deserves careful consideration prior to proceeding.
		The Excimer Laser was originally developed for the manufacture of computer microchips, where it was used to etch the circuits.
	www.eyelaser.co.za /excimer_laser.php (808 words)

	RESONETICS Excimer Lasers, Plastic Packages and Metal Containers
		Excimer lasers are used to drill small holes in various types of plastic and metal packages such as metal containers from the beverage industry, foil packages from the medical device industry or blister packs and plastic ampoules from the pharmaceutical industry.
		In the case of plastic ampoules, excimer lasers at a wavelength of 193nm and 248nm are used to produce hole diameters ranging from 5 to 10.
		Excimer lasers are used to drill hole diameters in metal container lids ranging from flow rates of.08 cc/per minute to 3.0 cc/per minute, corresponding to leak rate orifice diameters of 10 microns to 45 microns.
	www.resonetics.com /packaging.htm (1282 words)

	Excimer Laser Machining (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The deep ultraviolet output of the excimer is already extensively used for microfabrication of integrated circuit devices and is increasing the computational power of IC chips and decreasing the footprint of the chips on a circuit board.
		The excimer laser beam is used for several purposes: as a direct writing tool to replace photomasks; as a microdrill for multilayer chip via fabrication; and as an ablation tool for nonchemical etching in semiconductor processing.
		The excimer laser is a rare gas laser that emits light in the ultraviolet region.
	www.protasis.com /excimer_lase.htm (223 words)

	The excimer lasers Journal of Drugs in Dermatology - Find Articles
		All of the excimer lasers have the same basic mechanism of operation: a mixture of a noble gas and a halogen are induced to form unstable "excited dimers." High energy electric current is delivered to the gas mixtures to produce unstable high energy dimers that quickly dissociate to their ground states giving off laser light.
		The interaction of the excimer lasers with tissue appears to not be a thermal mechanism, and although widely studied, is not fully understood.
		It is theorized the photons of the excimer laser light may exceed the energy of the chemical bonds holding many organic molecules together, and thus the laser causes the organic material to decompose.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0PDG/is_5_3/ai_n13457665 (1058 words)

	Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology - excimer lasers
		An excimer laser is a powerful kind of laser which is basically always operated in the ultraviolet (UV) spectral region and generates nanosecond pulses.
		An excimer gain medium is pumped with short (nanosecond) current pulses in an electric discharge (or sometimes with an electron beam), which create so-called excimers (excited dimers) – molecules which represent a bound state of their constituents only in the excited electronic state, but not in the electronic ground state.
		Note that excimer lasers raise a variety of safety issues, related to the use of high voltages, the handling of poisonous gases (halogens), and the risk of causing skin cancer and eye damage by irradiation with ultraviolet light.
	www.rp-photonics.com /excimer_lasers.html (643 words)

	Excimer Laser
		The excimer laser was developed in the Soviet Union and perfected by IBM in the 1970's to etch computer microchips.
		The excimer laser is used in refractive surgery to break the molecular bonds that hold the corneal tissue together and literally vaporizes it in a controlled fashion without damaging surrounding tissue.
		The excimer laser's precise, ultraviolet beam reshapes the front surface of the cornea giving the cornea a new optical profile so that light entering the cornea is bent to focus properly on the retina.
	www.elliseye.com /excimer_laser.html (2082 words)

	Excimer Laser
		The name " Excimer" is a contraction of the " Excited Dimer", a description of a diatomic molecule in which the component atoms are bound in the excited state, but not in the ground state.
		This UV radiation occurs as a result of transitions from electronic bound states of a rare-gas halide molecule, which are usually from the lowest vibrational level to the electronic ground state.
		On-going excimer laser research activities in the Lab is now focus on the construction a KrF laser with output capabilities of more than 1 J. Concerted efforts have been put on by the research staff to enable this laser operational by the Winter of 1999.
	members.tripod.com /la_pho/excimer_laser.htm (408 words)

	Refractive Surgery And The Excimer Laser
		The excimer laser generates ultraviolet light measuring 193 nm when high voltage energy is discharged into a cavity containing a mixture of a rare gas i.e., (argon, xenon or krypton) and a halogen (i.e., fluoride, chloride or bromide).
		The term excimer is derived from the two words "excited" and "dimer" which are used to describe the reaction in which the laser transfers energy through an ultraviolet beam of light.
		The photons of far UV light emitted by the excimer laser are of sufficient energy to break intramolecular bonds and the material decomposes ablatively, hence the name photo ablation.
	www.dcmsonline.org /jax-medicine/1998journals/february98/excimerlaser.htm (1508 words)

	How does an excimer laser work
		Because the cornea, which is the clear tissue window in the front of the eye, has a high water content, the effect of the laser occurs on the surface of the eye, and does not penetrate any further into deeper tissue.
		To reverse myopia, the excimer laser flattens the corneal contour.
		To reverse hyperopia, the excimer laser steepens the corneal contour.
	evans.amedd.army.mil /eye/excimer_laser.htm (1186 words)

	Excimer Laser Keratectomy at Wilmer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The excimer laser removes anterior corneal tissue layer by layer to a predetermined depth.
		Clinical studies are underway to assess the safety and therapeutic effectiveness of the VISX Twenty/Twenty Excimer Laser System in performing phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) on pathological conditions of the cornea, and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) to treat high myopia.
		Following excimer keratectomy, there is a relative delay in the reformation of corneal epithelial basement membrane and adhesion structures.
	www.hopkinsmedicine.org /wilmer/research/excimer.html (288 words)

	NIDEK - Excimer Laser System EC-5000CX Series
		The NIDEK Excimer Laser EC-5000CX Series may not be available in certain countries where the product has not received marketing/clinical approval.
		The NIDEK EC-5000 Excimer Laser System (including EC-5000CX/CXII) has been approved for use in the United States to perform photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for the reduction or elimination of myopia in the low, moderate or high ranges (-0.75 to -13.00 D), spherical equivalent at the spectacle plane, uncomplicated by refractive astigmatism (i.e.
		In PRK of moderate myopia with astigmatism, due to cylinder coupling effects on sphere, the lower range of the intended use must be restricted in a step-wise fashion, with a nomogram lookup table provided for specific treatment combinations.
	www.nidek.com /ec5000.html (1041 words)

	UnISIS Excimer Laser System
		The laser light is generated at 351 nm (the middle of the standard photometric U-band) when an electrical discharge occurs between a pair of electrodes which are suspended in a pressurized chamber of gas.
		Excimer lasers also work at shorter wavelengths (308 nm, 248 nm, 157 nm) if loaded with other gas mixtures, but these are of little interest for laser guide star work because the high opacity of the Earth's atmosphere at the shorter wavelengths limits the height to which the laser light can penetrate.
		The UnISIS Excimer laser is housed in a special air conditioned room located in the basement of the Coude spectrograph chamber at the Mt. Wilson 2.5-m Telescope dome.
	www.astro.uiuc.edu /~thompson/laser1A.html (1246 words)

	LaserMyEye :: Encyclopedia :: Excimer laser (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The excimer laser was originally developed for use in the microprocessor industry due to the precision of its cuts.
		Note that "excimer laser" does not refer to the brand of laser but the category of laser.
		With the exception of some experimental procedures using solid state lasers, all modern elective laser eye surgery is done with excimer lasers.
	www.lasermyeye.org /encyclopedia/excimerlaser.html (117 words)

	Section 2.11: Types of Lasers--Excimer Lasers
		Excimer lasers generate laser light in ultraviolet to near-ultraviolet spectra, from 0.193 to 0.351 microns.
		Processing using excimer lasers is proved to have higher precision and reduced heat damage zones compared with CO and Nd:YAG lasers.
		Although for metals excimer lasers are not powerful enough to break the metallic bond directly, it can be focused to a small area to reduce the heat affected zone or area in processing.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/mechanical/mrl/ntm/level2/ch02/html/l2c02s11.html (624 words)

	EXCIMER KOŠICE - OFTUM
		Ophthalmologic excimer laser is a unique instrument that can remove a part of the corneal tissue by means of so-called “photoablation” without affecting other eye structures.
		To minimize your time away from home and work, the preliminary examination can be done on the day of excimer laser surgery and if it is suitable for you, we are more than pleased to offer you the possibility to do the excimer laser surgery on a weekend.
		Excimer laser surgery is classed as a medical-cosmetic intervention and is usually not covered by health insurance policies.
	www.excimer-kosice.sk /english.html (2702 words)

	Excimer 308-nm laser treatment. DermNet NZ
		Excimer 308-nm laser is a laser light source that delivers a specific wavelength (308 nm) of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation.
		Excimer laser therapy causes blisters if the dose is too high, however these are confined to the areas being treated.
		Although the risk from excimer laser therapy is unknown, research to date suggests it is less risky than narrowband UVB as it doesn’t expose the whole body to UV radiation.
	www.dermnetnz.org /procedures/excimer.html (617 words)

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