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	Uranyl Poster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In an emission spectrum, the sample is excited with monochromatic radiation (the excitation monochromator (b) is set at one wavelength), and the analyzing monochromator (d) is scanned over a range of wavelengths.
		In an excitation spectrum, d is set to a wavelength at which the sample emits light (as seen from the emission spectrum) and b is scanned over a range of wavelengths.
		This state then doesn’t contribute to the excitation spectrum, although it is seen in absorption.
	www.wellesley.edu /Chemistry/Flick/uranylposter.html (788 words)

	Spectroscopic Research on Algae.
		An excitation spectrum is measured when a single emission wavelength is chosen and the emission intensity is recorded as a function of excitation wavelength.
		An excitation spectrum usually looks very similar to the fluorophores absorption spectrum because the efficiency with which higher excited states relax to the first excited singlet state is very high.
		Therefore, fluorescence emission intensity is proportional to the absorbance at the excitation wavelength.
	www.ucd.ie /app-phys/michael/photosyn.html (2996 words)

	Olympus FluoView Resource Center: Fluorescence Excitation and Emission Fundamentals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Although the entire molecular fluorescence lifetime, from excitation to emission, is measured in only billionths of a second, the phenomenon is a stunning manifestation of the interaction between light and matter that forms the basis for the expansive fields of steady state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy.
		Excitation transitions (red lines) from the ground to the excited state occur in such a short timeframe (femtoseconds) that the internuclear distance associated with the bonding orbitals does not have sufficient time to change, and thus the transitions are represented as vertical lines.
		The excitation and emission spectra may be considered as probability distribution functions that a photon of given quantum energy will be absorbed and ultimately enable the fluorophore to emit a second photon in the form of fluorescence radiation.
	www.olympusfluoview.com /theory/fluoroexciteemit.html (3559 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU: Fluorescence Microscopy - Excitation Balancers - Interactive Java Tutorial
		The Nikon excitation balancer consists of a rectangular optical glass window containing two thin-film interference coatings that act as either a longpass or shortpass filter (or a mixture of both), depending upon the position of the window in the optical train, as illustrated in the tutorial and in Figure 1.
		In practice, the Nikon excitation balancer filter combination slider is translated across the illumination aperture by pulling or pushing the frame handle, thus exposing the excitation light to varying mixtures of the wedge-shaped cutoff filters.
		In Figure 2(a), the excitation balancer slider is positioned with the shortpass thin-film filter region in front of the illumination aperture to preferentially excite the violet and blue fluorophores (Alexa Fluor 405 and SYTOX Green).
	www.microscopyu.com /tutorials/java/fluorescence/excitationbalancer/index.html (1689 words)

	Method and system for non-invasive detection of zinc protoporphyrin in erythrocytes - Patent 4178917
		The system according to claim 1 wherein said predetermined spectrum includes at least a portion outside said characteristic excitation spectrum and wherein said second detection means is adapted whereby said second signal is representative of the intensity of light incident thereon and in said portion outside said characteristic excitation spectrum.
		The spectrum of the source is at least partially within the fluorescence excitation spectrum of ZPP and outside the characteristic fluorescence emission spectrum of ZPP.
		In response to light incident in its fluorescence excitation spectrum, ZPP emits light with a characteristic emission spectrum exhibiting a strong peak at 590 nm and a weak peak at 640 nm.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4178917.html (3054 words)

	Olympus Microscopy Resource Center: Specialized Microscopy Techniques - Fluorescence - Excitation and Emission ...
		The absorption spectrum of a typical fluorochrome is illustrated in Figure 1(a) where the relative intensity of absorption is plotted against relative wavelength.
		This overlap of excitation and emission intensities/wavelengths (illustrated in Figure 1(c)) must be eliminated, in fluorescence microscopy, by means of appropriate selection of excitation filter, dichromatic beamsplitter (in reflected light fluorescence), and barrier filter.
		Upon absorbing the excitation light, usually of short wavelengths, electrons may be raised to a higher energy and vibrational excited state; this may take a trillionth of a second (10 to the minus 12th seconds).
	www.olympusmicro.com /primer/techniques/fluorescence/excitation.html (1612 words)

	Laser Cooling and Trapping Home Page
		We report the first measurement of the excitation spectrum and the static structure factor of a Bose-Einstein condensate.
		The excitation spectrum agrees well with the Bogoliubov spectrum, in the local density approximation.
		Feynman's relation between the excitation spectrum and the static structure factor is verified, within an overall constant.
	www.weizmann.ac.il /home/davidson/abstract_excitation_spectrum.html (123 words)

	Forthcoming Paper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The theoretical absorption spectrum confirms the existence of two bands, and shows that these bands are characteristic of a calcium atom located at the surface of the argon cluster and correspond to the excited 4p orbital of calcium either perpendicular or parallel to the cluster surface.
		The emission spectrum always shows a band in the red of the resonance line which is assigned to the emission of calcium remaining trapped on the cluster.
		When exciting the blue band of the excitation spectrum, the emission spectrum shows a second, weak, component that is assigned to calcium atoms ejected from the argon clusters, indicating a competition between ejection and solvation.
	www.edpsciences.org /articles/epjd/forth/abstracts/gaveau.html (307 words)

	Spectrometer means employing linear synthesized RF excitation - Patent 4034191
		More particularly, in waveform 3(a) the desired RF exciting spectrum is generally of uniform spectral density over a relatively wide bandwidth as of 1000 Hz on one side of a carrier frequency, as of 60 to 100 MHz, except for a relatively narrow portion of the spectrum over which excitation of resonance is undesired.
		The excitation functions in the examples which have been described so far have all been real functions of time for modulation control of a carrier frequency resulting in a power spectrum which is symmetric about the carrier frequency.
		The synthesized excitation technique need not be used to completely suppress a line; it may also be used to compress the dynamic range of a spectrum to facilitate accurate comparison of strong and weak line intensities.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4034191.html (6595 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Before excitation, molecules and bonds are mostly in the lowest vibrational level of the ground electronic state.
		After source of excitation radiation is switched off, phosphorescence emission continues for periods that vary from milliseconds to weeks.
		Requirement to set two wavelengths in spectrofluorimetry (excitation and emission) hence unlikely that an impurity is being co-measured - it would have to absorb and emit at the same two wavelengths.
	www.resonancepub.com /spectrofluor.htm (661 words)

	Advantages of Using A Scanning Monochromator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Measuring the fluorescence excitation spectrum of the indicator dye in situ confirms its adequacy for a meaningful measurement.
		The effect is easily detected by the characteristically distorted excitation spectrum while the value of the 340/380 nm ratio or the appearance of the fluorescent cell through the microscope does not indicate anything seriously amiss (Figure 5).
		When electronic excitation energy transfer occurs between donor and acceptor, the contribution from the fluorescence excitation bands of the donor molecule can be detected in the acceptor's fluorescence excitation spectrum.
	www.pti-nj.com /tech_5.html (1288 words)

	J. Chimie Physique 93, 1808-1827 (1996) Muguet, Gelabert, Gauduel
		The absorption spectrum as computed, within a non-specific solvation cavity of 7 bohr (3.7 Å) radius and the optical dielectric constant, is composed of the 1.8 eV and 2.45 eV transitions.
		In gas-phase, in the core-hole excitation spectrum of ammonia [39], the FWHM is computed to be 0.60 eV and the experimental value is 0.74 eV.
		Similarly, we have simulated the absorption spectrum obtained with the static dielectric constant (cavity radius R=8 bohr) and with a 0.7 eV FWHM (figure 3) and with a 1.1 eV FWHM (cf.
	www.ensta.fr /~muguet/papers/JChimP96/JChimP96-93-1808.html (6298 words)

	Transform speech signal coding with pitch controlled adaptive quantizing - Patent 4184049
		According to yet another aspect of the invention, the pitch excitation spectrum signal generation includes formation of an impulse train signal representative of the pitch excitation of the block transform coefficient signals and the generation of a set of signals each representative of the pitch excitation level at a transform coefficient signal frequency.
		According to yet another aspect of the invention, the pitch excitation representative impulse train signal is produced responsive to the block autocorrelation signal by determining a signal corresponding to the maximum value of said block autocorrelation signal and a pitch period signal corresponding to the time of occurrence of said maximum value.
		In accordance with the invention, the formant spectral levels.sigma..sub.F (k) are modified by the pitch excitation spectral levels.sigma..sub.p (k) to form adaptation signals, which adaptation signals are used to reduce the redundancy in the DCT coefficient signals for the block.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4184049.html (14456 words)

	Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös University, Budapest
		The Andreev scattering resulting in a discrete spectrum of single-particle excitations of a layer of normal metal in contact with superconductors on both sides was first discussed by Andreev.
		Based on the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation the excitation spectrum (Andreev states) of a normal metal (N) attached to a superconductor (S) was first considered by P. de Gennes and D. Saint-James.
		The excitation spectrum of Andreev billiards depends on whether the electron motion in the normal region is classically chaotic or regular.
	galahad.elte.hu /nanophysics.html (483 words)

	Spectroscopy on Individual Light-Harvesting 1 Complexes of Rhodopseudomonas acidophila -- Ketelaars et al. 83 (3): 1701 ...
		The encircled bidirectional arrows in the center of the figure indicate the polarization of the excitation light.
		The overall absorption spectrum in the xy plane of the complex is plotted (solid line) together with the absorption spectra along the x axis (dashed line) and y axis (dotted line).
		Excitation transfer in the core light-harvesting complex (LH-1) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides: an ultrafast fluorescence depolariazation and annihilation study.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/83/3/1701 (7976 words)

	Approximating the Shortened Excitation as a Noise Burst
		Figure Q.2b suggests that the many damped modes remaining in the shortened body impulse response may not be clearly audible as resonances since their decay time is so short.
		In addition, properties of the physical excitation may be incorporated, such as comb filtering to obtain a virtual pick or hammer position.
		From a psychoacoustical perspective, it may be argued that the excitation noise burst described above is not perceptually uniform.
	ccrma-www.stanford.edu /~jos/waveguide/Approximating_Shortened_Excitation_Noise.html (409 words)

	For Frank et al’s book, Advances in Photosynthesis Research
		Excitation energy transfer from the carotenoid fucoxanthin to chlorophyll (Chl) a was shown first in the diatoms by H. Dutton, W.M. Manning and B.M. Duggar, in 1943, at the University of Wisconsin at Madison.
		He projected the visible spectrum on to green, red and brown algae, mounted on the stage of a microscope, and used the number of aerotactic motile bacteria accumulating in the different wavelengths of the light as an indication of the rate of oxygen evolution.
		Excitation energy transfer, in general, in photosynthesis was implied already in the paper of Gaffron and Wohl (1936) when they were explaining the photosynthetic unit experiments of Emerson and Arnold (1932a,b).
	www.life.uiuc.edu /govindjee/papers/CarFin1.html (9972 words)

	Porphyrin Analytical Tools (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The two spectra are elicited by excitation at 400 and 440 nm respectively (Rebeiz et al, 1975; Rebeiz, 2002).
		F591, F587 total Q equation is selected, the user should enter the record number of the first excitation spectrum (#1-83) recorded at an emissiom wavelength of 591 nm, in the F591 = box, and the number of the second excitation spectrumd (#1-83) recorded at an emission spectrum of 587 nm, in the F587 = box.
		When the MV Pide ester b title is highlighted and entered, the user is prompted to enter the record number of the first excitation spectrum recorded at an emission wavelength of 643 nm.
	w3.aces.uiuc.edu /NRES/LPPBP/Pat.html (3058 words)

	Invitrogen - Molecular Probes - Introduction to Fluorescence Techniques
		With few exceptions, the fluorescence excitation spectrum of a single fluorophore species in dilute solution is identical to its absorption spectrum.
		Under the same conditions, the fluorescence emission spectrum is independent of the excitation wavelength, due to the partial dissipation of excitation energy during the excited-state lifetime, as illustrated in Figure 1.
		The emission intensity is proportional to the amplitude of the fluorescence excitation spectrum at the excitation wavelength (Figure 2).
	www.probes.com /handbook/sections/0001.html (4141 words)

	Neutron scattering studies of two-dimensional antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations
		Along the antiferromagnetic zone boundary a pronounced intensity variation is found for the dominant single-magnon excitations.
		Using polarization analysis to separate the components of the excitation spectrum, a continuum of longitudinally polarized multimagnon excitations is discovered at energies above the single-magnon branch.
		The main discovery is that the excitations are dispersive at both doping levels.
	www.risoe.dk /rispubl/AFM/ris-phd-7.htm (236 words)

	Ishida: SP Excitation of Porphyrin SAM
		The emission from the SAM was measured using p-polarized excitation light at the incident angle (theta-f) of 45°.
		The characteristic fluorescence of tetraarylporphyrin was observed, while the excitation spectrum (Fig.
		This is consistent with the preferable excitation at the longer wavelength light in the SP excitation.
	www.foresight.org /Conferences/MNT6/Abstracts/Ishida/index.html (697 words)

	UV and Fluorescence Spectral Studies of Proteins
		Thus for a fluorophore, two separate spectra can be collected: an absorption spectrum- usually referred to as an excitation spectrum- where the fluorescence emission is observed at a fixed wavelength and the excitation wavelength is scanned; and a fluorescence emission spectrum, where the excitation wavelength is fixed and the emission wavelength scanned.
		Finally, if the excitation maximum is different from the absorption maximum, the emission spectrum would be re-scanned using the new excitation wavelength.
		When examining the various spectra, three parameters are important to consider: the intensity of the fluorescence, the wavelength of the maximum, and the shape of the spectrum: for a pure fluorophore for example, the shape and wavelength of maximum emission should not change if the excitation wavelength is changed.
	www.richmond.edu /~jbell2/chem327lab5.html (1779 words)

	[cond-mat/0306549] Excitation spectrum of vortex lattices in rotating Bose-Einstein condensates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Excitation spectrum of vortex lattices in rotating Bose-Einstein condensates
		Using the coarse grain averaged hydrodynamic approach, we calculate the excitation spectrum of vortex lattices sustained in rotating Bose-Einstein condensates.
		The spectrum gives the frequencies of the common-mode longitudinal waves in the hydrodynamic regime, including those of the higher-order compressional modes.
	www.arxiv.org /cond-mat/0306549 (134 words)

	WEHI - Cytometry Lab - Fluorescence in Cytometry
		Each fluorochrome has its own excitation spectrum (the range of illuminating light wavelengths that will cause it to fluoresce) and an emission spectrum (the spectrum of fluorescent light emitted).
		Since flow cytometers and confocal microscopes use laser light for illumination, the laser wavelength must be within the excitation spectrum.
		Note that the laser is not at the peak excitation wavelength for PE but in a position to yield 56% maximal excitation.
	www.wehi.edu.au /cytometry/fluorescence_in_cytometry.html (406 words)

	" ECCC8 :The itinerant radical model Excitation spectrum "
		Since frequency dependent Raman properties must be computed with no symmetry constraint, we computed the excitation spectrum, with exactly the same CAS space with no symmetry constraint.
		The intensity of a Raman resonance is related to the proximity to an electronic excitation.
		The electronic excitation spectrum was lastly computed with the larger CAS 14 active space, at the CAS14 optimized geometry (OH = 1.014 Ang, HOH=106.20°).
	www.ensta.fr /~muguet/papers/ECCC8R/excitations.html (316 words)

	NEW ATOMIC SPECTRA from SOLIDS by BHARAT RADIATION
		On the other hand, nuclear and atomic scientists aware of the fact that ionizing radiation emission is the result of core excitation of XRF sources and radioisotopes but unaware of successive valence excitation within the same excited atom.
		The evolution of UV dominant optical spectrum is from Core - and valence excited atoms, isolated from the rest of the unexcited atoms in metals.
		The above spectrum is an artistic view of Rb X-rays, wavelength gap that accomadates Bharat radiation, and atomic spectrum from a single Rb XRF source.
	www.geocities.com /raomap/discovery5.html (2672 words)

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