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Topic: Excitotoxin

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	[No title]
		Likewise, food borne excitotoxins may be harmful to those suffering from strokes, head injury and HIV infection and certainly should not be used in a hospital setting.
		An additional critical factor ignored by the defenders of excitotoxin food safety is the fact that many people in a large population have disorders known to alter the permeability of the blood-brain barrier.
		Excitotoxin damage is heavily dependent on the energy state of the cell.49 Cells with a normal energy generation systems are very resistant to such toxicity.
	www.dorway.com /blayenn.html (8470 words)

	The Role of Excitotoxins in Autistic Type Behavior (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Excitotoxins are neurotransmitters such as glutamate or aspartate that can excite the nerves to death when their levels are not regulated properly.
		Excess excitotoxins cause an imbalance in the flow of calcium, which leads to activation of a complex inflammatory cascade, release of inflammatory mediators, and ultimately causes the death of neurons.
		Taken together with the evidence for glutamate and excitotoxin damage in other types of neurological inflammation, it would be remiss not to consider the involvement of glutamate when working with children who present with autistic type neurological inflammation.
	www.autismanswer.com /articles/yasko/role_of_excitotoxins.html (7287 words)

	[No title]
		Eicosanoids and Excitotoxins It is known that one of the destructive effects triggered by excitotoxins is the release of arachidonic acid from the cell membrane and the initiation of the eicosanoid reactions.
		It is known that excitotoxins can also stimulate the release of these "harmful eicosanoids." So that in the situation of a hypoglycemic individual, they would be subjected to production of harmful eicosanoids directly by the high insulin levels, as well as by elevated glutamate levels.
		We know that the excitotoxins have a devastating effect on formation of the brain (wiring of the brain) and that such exposure can cause the brain to be "miswired." This may explain the significant, almost explosive increase in ADD and ADHD.
	www.dorway.com /blayart1.txt (7766 words)

	Excitotoxins - Not Just Another Scare: Toxin Additives in Your Food and Drink: Christian Resource Centre (Bermuda)!
		Another system used to protect the brain against environmental excitotoxins, is a system within the brain that binds the glutamate molecule (called the glutamate transporter) and transports it to a special storage cell (the astrocyte) within a fraction of a second after it is used as a neurotransmitter.
		It is also known that excitotoxins themselves can cause the generation of numerous amounts of free radicals and that during the process of lipid peroxidation (oxidation of membrane fats) a substance is produced called 4-hydroxynonenal.
		Excitotoxins destroy neurons partly by stimulating the generation of large numbers of free radicals.
	www.nisbett.com /nutrition/excitotoxins01.htm (2024 words)

	NutraSweet
		He mentions numerous examples of normal child development hindered by excitotoxin exposure and causing problems like endocrine disorders, dyslexia, emotional control disorders, and destruction of vital groups of neurons in the hypothalamus (silent brain lesion).
		Blaylock warns that transference of excitotoxins between a pregnant mother and her fetus during the first eight weeks of gestation could cause irreparable damage.
		One characteristic of the obesity induced by excitotoxins is that it doesn't appear to depend on food intake.
	www.atlaschiro.com /nutraswe.htm (2305 words)

	Excitotoxicity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Excitotoxicity is the pathological process by which neurons are damaged and killed by the overactivations of receptors for the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, such as the NMDA receptor and AMPA receptor.
		Excitotoxins like NMDA and kainic acid which bind to these receptors, as well as pathologically high levels of glutamate, can cause excitotoxicity by allowing high levels of calcium ions
		Approximately 40% of aspartame (by mass) is broken down into aspartic acid, an excitotoxin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Excitotoxin (999 words)

	Aspartame and Multiple Sclerosis - MS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Further, these studies have shown that the death of these important cells is as a result of excessive exposure to excitotoxins at the site of the lesions.
		The amount of excitotoxins consumed in the average American diet is considerable, as shown by several studies.
		We also know liquid forms of excitotoxins are significantly more toxic because of rapid absorption and higher blood levels.
	healthread.net /ms-aspartame.htm (1066 words)

	Autism - Reversing the Process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Body systems that have been affected by glutamate toxicity include effects on white blood cells (elevations in the levels of eosinophils,), effects on blood vessels (causing migraines and reduced regulation of blood pressure), and inhibition of the conversion of glutamate to GABA.
		There seems to be a disconnect in this process for individuals with neurological inflammation so that the excitatory neurotransmission is high and the calming neurotransmission is low, where again, one sees the need for sulfur containing proteins or amino acids in this process.
		While glutamate (or glutamic acid or glutamine) and cysteine are precursors in the formation of glutathione, they are also excitotoxins and will trigger more inflammation in the brain; therefore it is best not to use those items directly as supplements to boost glutathione levels.
	www.autismanswer.com /articles/yasko/approach_to_reversing.html (3319 words)

	Sound and Fury Article
		Normally, most of these excitotoxins are secreted from microglial immune cells in the central nervous system.
		Once the MS becomes full-blown, further consumption of excitotoxins magnifies the toxicity, increasing disability and death.
		In the face of this connection between excitotoxicity and the pathophysiology of MS, it would be ludicrous to allow further use of this excitotoxin containing sweetener..
	www.soundandfury.tv /pages/article.html (950 words)

	Excitotoxins, Neurodegeneration, Neurodevelopment, Migraines, And Seizures
		In 1957, two opthalmology residents, Lucas and Newhouse, were conducting an experiment on mice to study a particular eye disorder.3 During the course of this experiment they fed newborn mice MSG and discovered that all demonstrated widespread destruction of the inner nerve layer of the retina.
		One interesting study found that persons affected by Alzheimer's disease also have widespread destruction of their retinal ganglion cells.18 Interestingly, this is the area found to be affected when Lucas and Newhouse first discovered the excitotoxicity of MSG.
		In the case of Parkinson's disease, several groups have demonstrated that one of the early deficits of the disorder is an impaired energy production by the complex I group of enzymes within the mitochondria of the substantia nigra.51,52 Interestingly, it is known that the complex I system is very sensitive to free radical damage.
	www.rense.com /politics6/excito.htm (7973 words)

	ADD-HOLISTIC Mailing List - Russell L. Blaylock, MD
		Excitotoxins is information that is new to most of us here and we are very curious about analysing what we now eat to see how to eliminate and maximise our health optimaly...
		In closing, excitotoxins are occupying center stage in many neurological disorders and I am convinced that the dramatic increases in many of these neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's dementia, Parkinson's, ALS and neurodevelopmental disorders are related to the massive amounts of excitotoxins being added to foods.
		Remember, excitotoxins interplay with many neurotransmitters, stimulate free radical production, damage brain lipids, interact with many trace metals, and that elevated intake of excitotoxins is associated with eicosanoid injury to neurons, which would explain thier relationship to omega-3-fatty acids.
	www.holisticmed.com /add/blaylock.html (6178 words)

	Is Glutamine Supplementation Helpful or Harmful? 5/1/04 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In fact it was stated that I apparently did not understand that glutamine was not an excitotoxin and was not converted into an excitotoxin.
		Excitotoxins are usually amino acids, such as glutamate and aspartate.
		In two recent studies it was found that the amount of glutamine in the brain could predict the brain damage seen both in pediatric brain injuries and brain damage secondary to seizures.
	sites.mercola.com /2004/may/1/glutamine.htm (1064 words)

	CONNECTION BETWEEN MS AND ASPARTAME
		Of equal concern is observation that we know that about 10% of the population (based on autopsy studies of elderly) have MS lesions without ever developing the full blown disease, a condition called benign MS.
		Recent studies have also shown that even single exposures to these food-based excitotoxins can produce prolonged worsening of neurological lesions.
		And when those responsible to solve the problem ARE the problem it is a sad commentary on greed and lack of concern for humanity.
	www.wnho.net /ms_and_aspartame.htm (1391 words)

	Idaho Observer: New studies confirm aspartame link to epidemic multiple sclerosis
		Further, these studies have shown that the death of these important cells is as a result of excessive exposure to excitotoxins (like aspartame and MSG) at the site of the lesions.
		Of equal concern is observation that we know that about 10 percent of the population (based on autopsy studies of elderly) have MS lesions without ever developing the full blown disease, a condition called benign MS.
		In the face of this connection between excitotoxicity and the pathophysiology of MS, it would be ludicrous to allow further use of this excitotoxin-containing sweetener.
	proliberty.com /observer/20040707.htm (833 words)

	[No title]
		The excitotoxin hypothesis: therapeutic considerations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Richard A. Smith, Kristen L. Vaiderhaug and Peter J. Wedlund Center for Neurologic Study, San Diego, CA, USA.
		Evidence in support of the excitotoxin hypothesis is indirect in the case of ALS, but compelling in the case'of ischemic or hypoglycemic insult (Collins, Dobkin & Choi, 1989).
		Although there is ample evidence to incriminate excitotoxins as a mechanism for cell death, it remains to implicate them in ALS and it remains to be determined whether NMDA blockade can achieve therapeutic benefits without causing unacceptable consequences.
	www.cnsonline.org /www/archive/smith/smith-07.txt (2834 words)

	Food Additive Excitotoxins and Degenerative Brain Disorders
		While the food additives, MSG and aspartame, are probably not direct causes of the neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's dementia, Parkinson's disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), they may well precipitate these disorders and certainly worsen their pathology as we shall see.
		Most important, there are no studies of the effect of these excitotoxins on the physiology of the nervous system under conditions of low brain energy supply.
		In examining the research literature, virtually all studies of this problem, other than behavioral effects, are centered on microscopic pathologic changes and not functional alterations of either the neurons themselves or of the entire brain itself.
	www.haciendapub.com /article27.html (3064 words)

	Food Additive Excitotoxins and Degenerative Brain Disorders by Russell L. Blaylock, MD
		In 1957, two ophthalmology residents, Lucas and Newhouse, were conducting an experiment on mice to study a particular eye disorder.(3) During the course of this experiment, they fed newborn mice MSG and discovered that all demonstrated widespread destruction of the inner nerve layer of the retina.
		We know experimentally that when these excitotoxin taste enhancers are added together they become much more toxic than is seen individually.(12) In fact, excitotoxins in subtoxic concentrations can be fully toxic to specialized brain cells when used in combination.
		One interesting study found that persons affected by Alzheimer's disease also have widespread destruction of their retinal ganglion cells.(20) Interestingly, this is the area found to be affected when Lucas and Newhouse first discovered the excitotoxicity of MSG.
	www.whale.to /a/blaylock5.html (3083 words)

	Russell Blaylock, MD - CONNECTION BETWEEN MS AND ASPARTAME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		AMPA receptors are the major mediators of excitotoxin death in mature oligodendrocytes.
		It is almost a cliche in this day and age for someone to ask the waiter at a Chinese restaurant 'no MSG, please,' as is the waiter's knowing smirk in response.
		The chemical agents are often disguised by such ambiguous terms as 'spice' and 'natural flavors' or, my personal favorite, 'hydrolyzed vegetable protein.' A consumer society must have consumer slaves to keep it functioning; MSG is the crack cocaine of the food industry...and it is legally perpetuated by slush-fund advocates and a pork-glutted FDA.
	aspartametruth.com /blaylock/ms_and_aspartame.html (1310 words)

	msg
		Remember also that the powerful excitotoxins, aspartate and L-cystine, are frequently added to foods and according to FDA rules require NO LABELING AT ALL.
		Aspartame is a sweetener made from two amino acids, phenylalanine and the excitotoxin aspartate.
		Blaylock recounted a meeting with a senior executive in the food additive industry who told him point blank that these excitotoxins are going to be in our food no matter how many name changes are necessary...
	home.earthlink.net /~svtbass/msg.html (660 words)

	Aspartame Dangers
		The protective enzymes in a baby's brain are still immature, and therefore are unable to effectively detoxify the excitotoxins that enter its brain.
		This would mean that in the case of a pregnant woman eating meals high in excitotoxin taste enhancers, the baby could be exposed to these high glutamate levels for many hours.
		Also significant is the fact that the immature brain is four times more sensitive to the damaging effects of excitotoxins than the adult brain.
	www.naturodoc.com /library/nutrition/aspartame.htm (2401 words)

	The Truth About Aspartame: Aspartame's safety supported by studies
		In response to these complaints, numerous additional scientific studies were done by prominent researchers at major academic institutions; the results of these studies overwhelmingly demonstrated that aspartame is not associated with adverse health effects, including headaches, seizures, changes in mood, cognition, or behavior, or allergic reactions.
		An "excitotoxin" is a substance that reportedly over-stimulates brain and nerve cells.
		Critics have falsely claimed that ingestion of aspartame may result in high blood levels of aspartic acid, which would circulate to the brain and kill nerve cells.
	www.aspartametruth.net /safety_of_aspartame.html (1082 words)

	The link between monosodium glutamate (MSG) and obesity
		Like aspartame, MSG is an excitotoxin, a substance that overexcites neurons to the point of cell damage and, eventually, cell death.
		In his experiments Dr. Olney found that high-dose exposure to MSG caused hypoplasia of the adenohypophysis of the pituitary and of the gonads, in conjunction with low hypothalamic, pituitary, and plasma levels of LH, growth hormone, and prolactin.
		Early exposure in life to high doses of glutamate, or the other excitotoxins, could theoretically produce a whole array of disorders much later in life, such as obesity, impaired growth, endocrine problems, sleep difficulties, emotional problems including episodic anger, and sexual psycho-pathology.
	www.newstarget.com /009379.html (2427 words)

	Fulvic acid effectively limits damage from dangerous excitotoxins such as MSG and aspartame
		At these higher concentrations, cell death, known as excitotoxicity, is triggered by a rapid cascade of reactions.
		According to a study done by the University of Pennsylvania “Children under the age of 5 are particularly vulnerable.
		Also, the extent of excitotoxin damage is heavily dependent on the energy state of the cell.
	www.vitalearth.org /MSG.htm (2188 words)

	Excitotoxin - definition from Biology-Online.org
		They are toxins that bind to certain receptors (e.g., certain glutamate receptors) and may cause neuronal cell death.
		The best known excitotoxins are the excitatory amino acids, that can produce lesions in the cNS similar to those of Huntingdon's chorea or alzheimers disease.
		Excitotoxicity is thought to contribute to neuronal cell death associated with stroke.
	www.biology-online.org /dictionary/Excitotoxin (146 words)

	Medical Glossary from Alzheimer's Outreach
		Excitotoxin - A chemical substance that can damage and kill nerve cells by overstimulating them.
		Under ceratin circumstances it can be an excitotoxin, and appears to cause the death of nerve cells in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders.
		Early research has shown that glutamate may cause nerve cell death in AD, and further research is being performed to learn more about its possible role in AD.
	www.zarcrom.com /users/alzheimers/w-07.html (1911 words)

	Toxin Additives in Your Food and Drink
		Excitotoxins destroy neurons partly by stimulating the generation of
		Excitotoxin damage is heavily dependent on the energy state of the
		excitotoxins is the release of arachidonic acid from the cell membrane
	food.consumercide.com /blaylock-toxins.html (6181 words)

	Not Just Another Scare: Toxin Additives in Your Food and Drink
		Excitotoxin damage is heavily dependent on the energy state of the cell.
		It is known that one of the destructive effects triggered by excitotoxins is the release of arachidonic acid from the cell membrane and the initiation of the eicosanoid reactions.
		Flavonoids are diphenylpropanoids found in all plant foods.
	www.royalrife.com /blaylock.html (7829 words)

	Idaho Observer: Hidden Sources of MSG and Aspartame in Foods
		Some do it for an hourly wage; some do it to make their stockholders happy; some do it to reap the benefits of a sick society.
		The fact is many foods are labeled as having “No MSG”; but in fact not only contain MSG but also are laced with other excitotoxins of equal potency and danger.
		A Final Note: Dr. Blaylock recounted a meeting with a senior executive in the food additive industry who told him point blank that these excitotoxins are going to be in our food no matter how many name changes are necessary.
	proliberty.com /observer/20030309.htm (775 words)

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