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Topic: Executive power

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	Executive (government) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The executive in political science and constitutional law is the branch of the government which is responsible for the day-to-day management of the state.
		In France, executive power is shared between the President and the Prime Minister and this system has been reproduced in a number of former French colonies: Switzerland and Bosnia and Herzegovina have collegiate systems for the role of Head of State and Government.
		In some cases, the decisions of the executive may be challenged in court, a procedure known as judicial review: in general, the judiciary has the power to censure the executive in specific individual cases, while it is for the legislature to supervise the executive on a more general (and political) level.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Executive_(government) (1330 words)

	Principles of Democracy
		Such leaders are powerful not because they command armies or economic wealth, but because they respect the limits placed on them by the electorate in a free and fair election.
		In constitutional democracies, executive authority is generally limited in three ways: by a system of checks and balances separating the national government's executive, legislative, and judicial powers; by federalism, which divides power between the national government and the state/local governments; and by constitutional guarantees of fundamental rights.
		Executive authority in modern democracies is generally organized in one of two ways: as a parliamentary or a presidential system.
	usinfo.state.gov /products/pubs/principles/executive.htm (443 words)

	WorldNetDaily: Alan Keyes
		We need chief executives with the understanding, articulateness and courage to assert the executive prerogative that will remind the judges that under our constitutional principles neither the judges, nor the legislatures nor the executives may claim permanent supremacy – rather it is the constitutional power of the people that is superior to them all.
		In this sense, though the judicial power of government may be vested in a single branch, the exercise of judgment is inseparable from the operation of all the branches.
		If, as chief executive of Florida, Jeb Bush believes that starving Terri Schiavo to death is a violation of her right to life, and to defend her life, as recognized in the Florida Constitution (Article I, Section 2), he has the same obligation to defend constitutional right as he would in the lynching example.
	www.worldnetdaily.com /news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=43472 (5595 words)

	Separation of powers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The essential difference between the separation of powers as developed in common law theory and in France was that in the former, the checks and balances inherent in the mixed constitution and in Montesquieu's analysis were incorporated into the doctrine.
		Powers internal to the legislature are split between its two houses, the Senate and the House of Representatives.
		The doctrine of the separation of powers is a fundamental principle of interpretation of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Separation_of_powers (4181 words)

	NH.gov - The Official Web Site of New Hampshire State Government
		The executive power of the state is vested in the governor.
		Amended 1966 clarifying and reinforcing executive powers of the governor.
		Whenever either the secretary of state or the treasurer acts as governor, he shall act as such only until such time as the vacancy is filled or the incapacity removed in the offices of governor, of president of the senate or of speaker of the house, whichever occurs first.
	www.state.nh.us /constitution/governor.html (1184 words)

	Terri and executive power
		Thus, the Florida executive, Jeb Bush, is bound by his oath to act now in accordance with his conscientious understanding of what the Constitution and the laws of Florida require, because the judge in the case has no executive power.
		We have forgotten that among the powers that are separated is the power of the execution of the law, reserved to the executive.
		There are reasons that the power of executing the law is restricted to one branch of the government.
	www.renewamerica.us /news/050322quackenbush.htm (992 words)

	Article III-The Executive
		The compensation of the governor and the lieutenant governor shall be prescribed by law and shall not be diminished during their term of office, unless by general law applying to all salaried officers of the State.
		All executive and administrative offices, departments, and agencies of the state government and their respective functions, powers, and duties shall be allocated by law among and within not more than twenty principal departments, so as to group them as far as practicable according to major purposes.
		He shall be appointed by the governor, subject to confirmation by a majority of the members of the legislature in joint session, and shall serve at the pleasure of the governor, except as otherwise provided in this article with respect to the secretary of state.
	www.gov.state.ak.us /ltgov/akcon/art03.html (1199 words)

	Fusion of power
		Recall that this fusion of legislative and executive power is a majoritarian feature; if there is a majoritarian form of government, there will be a fusion of legislative and executive power and unicameralism.
		A nonmajoritarian alternative to a fusion of legislative and executive power is separation of powers where the legislative and executive branches operate with a greater degree of independence from each other.
		France also has a parliamentary system in which the premier, equivalent to a prime minister, and her cabinet can stay in power only so long as it has a parliamentary majority (that is, is backed by an absolute majority of the members of the National Assembly, the dominant house of the French bicameral legislature).
	www.clt.astate.edu /fidel/fusion_of_power.htm (679 words)

	Executive Power Grab?: Earthjustice: Environmental Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		What hasn't been covered in the news is the connection between the administration's notions of unchecked executive branch power to fight terror anywhere in the world and its unwillingness to follow the laws that protect the environment and public health.
		Those assertions of executive branch power to make and interpret law, and to disregard it, have involved affirmative action, the qualifications of appointed officials, restrictions on the use of Congressionally appropriated funds and the disclosure of information to Congress and the public.
		In 1788, James Madison defended that separation of powers by observing that: "The accumulation of all powers, legislative, executive, and judiciary, in the same hands, whether of one, a few, or may, and whether hereditary, self appointed, or elective, may justly be pronounced the very definition of tyranny."
	www.earthjustice.org /our_work/buck_in_brief/executive-power-grab.html (945 words)

	We Need to Hear More From Alito on Executive Power \| The Progressive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		But he pointed out that the power of the executive under the Bush Administration is of historic importance.
		Another important point Kennedy brought up was that Bush often uses the phrase "unitary executive branch" to defend his belief in an almost all-powerful executive.
		Alito explained his understanding of the "unitary executive" concept by saying that the scope of Presidential power is one issue and the importance of the President within the executive branch is another.
	www.progressive.org /mag_rcb011106 (738 words)

	Foreign Policy In Focus \| Too Little Too Late: The Supreme Court as a Check on Executive Power (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The court explicitly acknowledged that executive power is at its lowest ebb when it acts contrary to congressional intent and without clear constitutional authorization.
		But the thrust of the majority and concurring opinions were consistent with the court's previous decisions on executive power, which indicate deference to Congress and an unwillingness to shorten the presidential tether in the absence of congressional intent to the contrary.
		American history is rife with executives stretching national security threats in order to enhance their political power and the only branch of government that has the institutional power to constrain them is Congress.
	www.fpif.org /fpiftxt/3117 (1546 words)

	Alito's Nod to Executive Power Looms As Dangerous
		In war, the honors and emoluments of office are to be multiplied; and it is the executive patronage under which they are to be enjoyed; and it is the executive brow they are to encircle.
		In that capacity, he would be called upon to interpret the Constitution with regard to the exercise of war powers by the executive.
		Ruling that the executive branch does not have the power to hold indefinitely a U.S. citizen without basic due process protections, the court rebuked the Bush administration's actions with an opinion that declared, "A state of war is not a blank check for the president when it comes to the rights of the nation's citizens."
	www.commondreams.org /views06/0110-30.htm (1181 words)

	Executive Women Power Track, a powerful virtual mastermind for executive women (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Executive Women Power Track is a Leadership Development organization that is focused on developing women for executive level positions.
		Executive Women Power Track is a virtual mastermind website that not only gives you easy access to successful CEOs, but also the ability to network with like-minded women on the executive power track.
		By leveraging the power of our virtual mastermind network, you’ll be able to achieve much more than you ever could on your own.
	www.executivewomenpowertrack.com (534 words)

	Peter Mulhern: Executive Power
		Governor Bush could easily do so by ordering a full executive investigation of the circumstances surrounding Terri's case, and having the state police take Terri into protective custody pending his final decision regarding her permanent status.
		Your next to last sentence would be vigorously countered by judges, lawyers, law professors, assorted advocates of unchecked judicial power, and the legions of dim bulbs that repeat endlessly in classrooms, newspapers, and tv that ours is a government of three separate but equal branches of government.
		Unfortunately, legislatures and executives are lax in maintaining their own institutional integrity.
	petermulhern.typepad.com /petermulhern/2005/03/executive_power.html (684 words)

	The Raw Story \| In Martin Luther King Day address, Gore compares wiretapping of Americans to surveillance of King
		An executive who arrogates to himself the power to ignore the legitimate legislative directives of the Congress or to act free of the check of the judiciary becomes the central threat that the Founders sought to nullify in the Constitution - an all-powerful executive too reminiscent of the King from whom they had broken free.
		As the executive acts outside its constitutionally prescribed role and is able to control access to information that would expose its mistakes and reveal errors, it becomes increasingly difficult for the other branches to police its activities.
		But the existence of that inherent power cannot be used to justify a gross and excessive power grab lasting for many years and producing a serious imbalance in the relationship between the executive and the other two branches of government.
	rawstory.com /news/2005/Text_of_Gore_speech_0116.html (6954 words)

	THE EXECUTIVE ORDER
		EXECUTIVE ORDER 11004 allows the Housing and Finance Authority to relocate communities, build new housing with public funds, designate areas to be abandoned, and establish new locations for populations.
		EXECUTIVE ORDER 11051 specifies the responsibility of the Office of Emergency Planning and gives authorization to put all Executive Orders into effect in times of increased international tensions and economic or financial crisis.
		EXECUTIVE ORDER 11310 grants authority to the Department of Justice to enforce the plans set out in Executive Orders, to institute industrial support, to establish judicial and legislative liaison, to control all aliens, to operate penal and correctional institutions, and to advise and assist the President.
	www.sonic.net /sentinel/gvcon5.html (2114 words)

	All the President’s Power
		Each member of the executive branch, but especially the president, “was a steward of the people bound actively and affirmatively to do all he could for the people.” He could, therefore, “do anything that the needs of the nation demanded” unless expressly prohibited in the Constitution.
		Thus it was by means of an executive order that George Washington, upon taking office as the first U.S. president, requested that the outgoing government prepare for him a report on the state of the country.
		Likewise, one might think two terms of a George W. Bush presidency would teach the Left a thing or two about executive power, but for all their carping at the president, most liberals seem quite happy with the status quo as long as the president issues executive orders on behalf of fashionable causes.
	www.amconmag.com /2006/2006_01_30/cover.html (3221 words)

	Consortiumnews.com
		The Supreme Court's embrace of the “unitary executive” would sound the death knell for independent regulatory agencies as they have existed since the Great Depression, when they were structured with shared control between the Congress and the President.
		The “unitary executive” applies as well to the President’s authority to interpret laws as he sees fit, especially in areas of national security where right-wing lawyers argue that the commander-in-chief powers are “plenary,” which means “absolute, unqualified.”
		“The Executive Branch shall construe [the torture ban] in a manner consistent with the constitutional authority of the President to supervise the unitary Executive Branch and as Commander in Chief and consistent with the constitutional limitations on the judicial power,” the signing statement read.
	www.consortiumnews.com /2006/011106.html (1270 words)

	Nuclear Power Education - Executive Summary
		It is quite possible to utilize Nuclear Power, which emits almost no greenhouse gases, to provide the vast majority of an entire country's need for electricity.
		The French Nuclear Power program is the exemplar of this.
		We find that if the new generation of nuclear power plants live up to the promises of the Industry, Nuclear Power will be competitive with our current non-sequestered, Coal-Fired base-load generators.
	www.nuclearinfo.net /Nuclearpower/FullSummary (637 words)

	Bush shuns Patriot Act requirement
		And when Congress passed a law forbidding the torture of any detainee in US custody, Bush signed the bill but issued a signing statement declaring that he could bypass the law if he believed using harsh interrogation techniques was necessary to protect national security.
		Bush's expansive claims of the power to bypass laws have provoked increased grumbling in Congress.
		David Golove, a New York University law professor who specializes in executive power issues, said the statement may simply be ''bluster" and does not necessarily mean that the administration will conceal information about its use of the Patriot Act.
	www.prisonplanet.com /articles/march2006/250306bushshuns.htm (827 words)

	Bluegrass Policy Blog: (executive) Power Surge
		When the op-ed is authored by McConnell biographer John David Dyche, well, it does show how far we've come.
		"Power Surge" also castigates the administration for confining protestors at Bush's public appearances to so-called "free-speech zones" frequently located far away from the presidential appearance site or motorcade route.
		With good reason, the "Power Surge" authors conclude that "the Bush record on federalism raises the question of whether there is any area of American life that this President believes, as a matter of principle, should be left to the states."
	www.bipps.org /blog/archives/2006/05/executive_power.html (156 words)

	Executive Power Grab
		He thinks the scope of the federal government should be limited but the powers of the president should not.
		Bush is good for America, and anything that weakens his power weakens the nation.
		This is hardly the only example of the president demanding powers he doesn't need.
	www.commondreams.org /views05/1228-28.htm (826 words)

	WorldNetDaily: Executive power grab on tap at White House? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		WorldNetDaily publicized their study in January 1999, a time when an alerted public was bringing the executive orders and states of emergency proclaimed by President Bill Clinton under close scrutiny.
		This asset freezing is accomplished by invoking the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, or IEEPA, which is the successor of the "Trading With the Enemy Act" of 1917, which was repealed in 1977.
		Because it is such a deep reservoir of powers, Olson fears this EO could pose a greater threat to civil liberties than the wiretapping and surveillance bills currently being debated in Congress.
	www.worldnetdaily.com /news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=24686 (1931 words)

	Executive Orders
		The Cato Institute study co-authored by Bill Olson, "Executive Orders and National Emergencies: How Presidents Have Come to 'Run the Country' by Usurping Legislative Power," was referenced in a presentation celebrating Constitution Day at Truman State University.
		The executive order study, co-authored by Bill Olson, was cited in the statement of Morton Rosenberg, Congressional Research Service, before the House Subcommittee on Efficiency, Financial Management and Intergovernmental Relations, Committee on Government Reform, concerning H.R. 4187, The Presidential Records Act Amendments of 2002.
		The topic of the hearing was "The Impact of Executive Orders on the Legislative Process: Executive Lawmaking?" Bill Olson also submitted answers to questions before the House Rules Committee's Subcommittee on Legislative and Budget Process.
	www.lawandfreedom.com /site/executive/index.html (866 words)

	December 29, 2005: Exploring the Limits of Presidential Power after 9/11
		The use of discretionary executive power by presidents grows in times of national crisis.
		As demonstrated by the current NSA eavesdropping controversy, after 9/11 the Bush administration has robustly employed executive power to meet the threat posed by terrorism.
		The question of the proper role of executive power today touches on core questions of constitutional order and American politics, including checks and balances, popular will, executive prerogatives, civil liberties, and national security.
	www.apsanet.org /content_24447.cfm (593 words)

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