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Topic: Exercise REFORGER

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	Exercise REFORGER - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Exercise REFORGER (REturn of FORces to GERmany) was an annual exercise conducted, during the Cold War, by the United States Army.
		The exercise was intended to ensure that the United States had the ability to quickly deploy forces to Germany in the event of a conflict with the Soviet Union.
		The exercise was begun in 1967, as some forces were withdrawn to back to the U.S. mainland, and continued past the end of the Cold War, to 1993.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/REFORGER (153 words)

	Military Capabilities: Stronger Joint Staff Role Needed to Enhance Joint Military Training (Chapter Report, 07/06/95, ...
		Of 121 exercises conducted by the commanders of the Central, European, and Pacific theaters in fiscal year 1994, GAO found that 73 percent of the exercises were designed to meet objectives such as a show of U.S. military presence in a region.
		We examined the exercises conducted in fiscal year 1994 and those planned for fiscal year 1995 to determine whether the three commands included tasks in their exercise plans to deploy forces as a joint task force or train commanders and staffs in joint operations.
		Exercises designed to train commanders and staff in joint operations consist of such tasks as forming a joint staff to plan the operation; conducting command and control procedures; and collecting, disseminating, and analyzing intelligence data.
	www.fas.org /man/gao/nsiad95109.htm (12807 words)

	REFORGER
		The REFORGER exercises were designed to prove U.S. ability to move conventional military forces rapidly from the continental United States to Central Europe.
		Thus was born REFORGER, which both tested the ability of conventional forces to fight in a conventional war scenario and demonstrated American determination.
		Programs such as the GYROSCOPE unit rotation in the 1950s and large-scale REFORGER exercises from 1969 to 1988 showed America's commitment to the alliance, as did the mobilization and deployment of thousands of reserve-component soldiers to Europe during the Berlin crisis of 1961-62.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/ops/reforger.htm (490 words)

	The Last REFORGER - 1990 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		While 500 Spearhead soldiers became umpires for the exercise, 1,150 soldiers from outside the division were attached or fell under operational control of the 3d Armd Div for the battle.
		This REFORGER was quite different from the previous 21 exercises that have been held almost annually for the past two decades.
		That exercise gave way to the innovative concept of 'training smarter' by using a combination of men, machines and computer simulation, thereby decreasing the number of troops and vehicles with a training focus on commanders and staffs instead of small individual units.
	www.3ad.com /history/cold.war/article.pages/reforger.1990.htm (2133 words)

	Reforger
		Reforger 1974, the sixth such airlift operation, is being hailed by officials as the most successful to date.
		Reforger is, in the final analysis, one of the cornerstones of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s philosophy of flexible deterrence.
		Reforger demonstrates in practical, easy-to-understand terms that the credibility of NATO’S flexible response is not limited to decisions that will be made on some future battlefield.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/aureview/1975/sep-oct/larsen.html (2743 words)

	[No title]
		Atlantic Resolve '94, the exercise that some military officials dubbed "the new REFORGER" -- because it supplanted what would have been the 25th Return of Forces to Europe exercise -- employed soldiers from the Birmingham, Ala.- based 87th Army Reserve Command as the simulated ground opposition force.
		Countless scenarios fed into the exercise that was generated by a main gaming computer at the Warrior Preparation Center; it was tied into computers at U.S. Space Command in Colorado Springs, Colo., and scores of computer work stations and simulators in the United States and overseas.
		REFORGER used to focus on training soldiers to deploy to central Europe in massive numbers, he said.
	www.army.mil /soldiers/jan95/p18.html (1399 words)

	The Kindness of Strangers -- 1st Signal Bn -- First Circus
		Reforger is an acronym for "Return of Forces to Germany." This is a huge military exercise that occurs in the late Summer each year in Germany, where entire brigades from the States are transported to Germany for 4 weeks of overseas training.
		I had arrived in Germany in late June, and the exercise was to begin sometime in late July or early August.
		The Reforger sites for our company that year were located in southern Germany, south of Stuttgart, not far from the Black Forest and the city of Ulm.
	pr.tennessee.edu /chuckweb/firstcircus/kindness.html (1814 words)

	Chapter 3: Training - DAHSUM FY 1987
		Exercise TEAM SPIRIT 87 was conducted in the Republic of Korea to improve the combat readiness of the Republic of Korea and U.S. forces through joint and combined training exercises.
		Exercise ULCHI Focus LENS 87 was a JCS-coordinated U.S. Pacific Command (USPACOM) and CFC-sponsored exercise that was held in conjunction with the annual Korean national mobilization exercise in the Republic of Korea from 17-28 August 1987.
		Exercise REFORGER 87 was the nineteenth strategic mobility exercise conducted under the 1967 London Tripartite Agreement between the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Federal Republic of Germany.
	www.army.mil /cmh/books/DAHSUM/1987/ch03.htm (4102 words)

	114th ASG
		In the 1983 REFORGER exercise, the 114th ASG operated four Redeployment Assembly Areas (RAA) in Northern Germany, providing life support for the 3rd Brigade of the 1st Calvary Division representing approximately 3,800 soldiers.
		The 1987 REFORGER served as a true test of the effectiveness of the 114th Area Support Group as a Reserve Component logistical headquarters in support of large scale "Total Force" operations.
		The 1990 and 1991 REFORGER exercises saw the 114th assuming total responsibility for overall planning and execution of the REFORGER missions of operating a Redeployment Marshalling Area at Leuth, Germany.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /csaszare/114_asgr.html (692 words)

	Desert Storm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Within forty eight hours, the Division dis engaged from the first exercise and moved to their major unit assembly areas to refit and deploy to a new area of operation.
		In late March 1982, the XVIII Airborne Corps designated the 1st Battalion of the 502nd Infantry as the replacement unit to be sent to the Sinai peninsula in Egypt for a six-month tour of duty with the Multinational Force and Observers (MFO).
		Throughout 1984, the division participated in fifteen major exercises in the United States, Germany, Honduras, and Egypt, helping to maintain the readiness needed to fulfill its assigned mission to deploy rapidly worldwide using the unique capabilities of an air assault division.
	www.screamingeaglesthroughtime.com /id87.html (1934 words)

	Engineer stunts. - Topic Powered by Groupee Community
		while out on Reforger '77 I was visiting an outpost at the treeline of our encampment when this SP/5 decided,for some excitement, to try to stampede the cows in the pasture they were watching.
		reforger 77--but I'll bet mr farmer had uncle sam paying for that cow its kids and the kids they would have had..--by the way who were you with then--that was my last reforger before deros
		That was something, when I went over with the advanced party, I was the third ranker in my squad, by the time we moved from the assembly area, I was Squad Leader, my SSG went AWOL, missed movement, ie deserted, and the other SGT went on emergancy leave.
	forums.military.com /eve/ubb.x/a/tpc/f/8221999376/m/4691927576 (1626 words)

	The ACG/SZO Discussion Forums - REFORGER in the context of FG'85 and NGP'85 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Reforger Exerciser we designer to combat a situation where units had to quickly redeploy to Europe in time of heighten tention.
		The 'Reforger' system, by which formations would be flown in from the continental United States to marry up with equipment pre- stocked in the Federal Republic, though already showing great promise, had not yet been as fully developed as in the years to come.
		REFORGER was for Germany what Team Spirit was for Korea.
	www.strategyzoneonline.com /forums/archive/index.php/t-20537.html (1197 words)

	www.GovExec.com - Print Page: Critics question value of huge homeland security exercise (5/9/03)
		The main downside to this new exercise, Anderson said, is that it gives leaders at the federal, state, and local levels time to study up and practice in advance.
		These exercises also have inherent limitations, and the largest is how to translate the experience into a set of "lessons learned." One of the biggest problems with the Denver-Portsmouth experience was that it never produced a public report.
		The previous exercises got badly failing grades, said Lawrence O. Gostin, a legal adviser for the exercises who is director of the Center for Law and the Public's Health at Georgetown University.
	www.govexec.com /story_page.cfm?articleid=25572&printerfriendlyVers=1& (1619 words)

	Epinions.com - CARD PLAYING AND TOILET TRAINING, COLD WAR STYLE
		Basically the purpose of this exercise was to practise how fast the thousands of American, British, Canadian troops, ok thousands of American and British, dozens of Canadian, could be moved to Germany to reinforce the forces already there in the event of a Soviet incursion.
		One evening in the middle of this exercise the mechanised infantry company of which I was a part of found ourselves just shy of a small German village.
		As the entire exercise area was basically all of West Germany, including various towns and villages, we had plenty of places to conduct this rather personal task.
	www.epinions.com /content_2927337604 (3521 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Since the narrative library has to be created prior to the exercise and may be used for multiple exercises, it is not possible to include details about exercise events and unit identifiers at that time.
		As a result exercise participants are now receiving computer generated intelligence which far surpasses any that has been available during the past decade.
		Using this system, exercise controllers can be kept abreast of the latest intelligence events without having to task an entire staff of people to gather and collate the data.
	www.modelbenders.com /papers/tac_mors.html (2058 words)

	RAF Greenham Common Wilderness Years (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The RAF used Greenham for an exercise in Spring 1965 and a Civil Defence exercise (Green Gable) was also held at the base in May 1966 involving 60 volunteers from around Berkshire.
		The purpose of the exercise was to test theoretical principles of arms control to see if they could be put into practice for the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (limiting the number and type of strategic range nuclear delivery systems of the US and USSR) then being proposed between the superpowers.
		The exercise was also intended to give the British government experience of arms control verification procedures and techniques.
	www.megspace.com /politics/greenham/index_000005.htm (2377 words)

	The Boy Scout Law According to Mike Walton -- Trustworthy
		REFORGER also allows, in my case, the United States Army, to train its units in what they would do if such an attack occurs and to orient new soliders and their leaders on "the real thing".
		Like the acynomn, the exercise involves returning large number of military personnel back to Germany, getting them the equipment and supplies they need to do their jobs, and getting them to the "war area".
		Because the REFORGER exercise happens all over Germany and central western Europe, there are many occasions whereby the military must pay for meals, for damages and lodging.
	www.macscouter.com /Blackeagle/Trustworthy.html (1529 words)

	Daniel L. Garner
		From 1973 to 1979 Daniel served in the United States Air Force achieving the rank of Staff Sergeant.
		Daniel served in California, Texas, Turkey and on the East German border during the Cold War exercises known as &ldquo;REFORGER&rdquo;*.
		They are very proud of their three children, Daniel (23), Denise (21), both UT Chattanooga Scholar students, and Derrick (12), a 6th grade student who excels at playing the oboe.
	www.ornl.gov /adm/hr_ornl/bhm2005/DanielLGarner.shtml (432 words)

	ALSP: Theory, Experience and Future Directions
		In preparation for Reforger 92, ALSP was incorporated into several exercises scheduled for earlier in the year, Central Fortress 92 and Ulchi Focus Lens 92 which were held in June and August 1992, respectively.
		The Reforger 92 exercise was a US Army, Europe (USAREUR) exercise that was conducted in Germany in September and October 1992.
		This exercise is scheduled for August 1993 and will be the first ALSP confederation to contain major simulations from the Army, Navy, and Air Force.
	ms.ie.org /alsp/biblio/wsc_93_paper/WSC_93_Paper.html (2789 words)

	Intelligence Data Fusion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This may be due to several reasons: 1) the analysts are not present at the exercise, 2) the analysts are not located in a facility that is cleared to receive the intelligence reports, or 3) the analysts are members of an allied nation which is not allowed to receive the raw data directly.
		However, in 1992, the Reforger exercise required that intelligence officers from NATO countries be stimulated by reports generated from the TACSIM system.
		All exercises are different to some degree, therefore, it would be difficult to construct a rule-base to cover all possible contingencies.
	www.modelbenders.com /papers/fusion/fusion.html (5245 words)

	"Air Traffic Control, Airspace, Airfields, Flight Activities, and Navigational Aids" 12.6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Exercise support requirements for U.S. Army, ARNG, and USAR units and activities on a recurring basis (annual) or on special schedule must be identified by the responsible training coordination activity at least 6 months prior to start of the exercise or special mission.
		The appropriate account manager should be notified of upcoming exercises and special missions well in advance to ensure proper coordination.
		Major exercises; such as, Reforger, Bold Eagle, or Team Spirit, involving the provision of FLIP and FLIP related aeronautical products, must be coordinated through established channels and per specific guidance available at offices of primary responsibility for the respective theater.
	www.cavalrypilot.com /ar95-2/12.6.html (214 words)

	Combat Duty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		He also went to the Panama Canal for jungle training to be taught how to survive in the jungle so he would be ready for war.
		They would also go to reforger were they brought all units of the military together.
		The reforger was the response to war in Germany.
	www.wfhs.net /EllisHomepages/MrsEllis/Ellis6/MW_LGL/combat_duty.htm (97 words)

	Table Of Contents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Beginning in November 1968 and lasting until February 1969, the 709th supported the NATO Training Exercise REFORGER I. This complex exercise was designed to test the speed and effectiveness of massive troop shipments from the United States to continental Europe.
		The exercise was graded and supervised by an umpire assigned by the 15th Military Police Brigade, with an overall rating of Combat Ready.
		The exercise was good training for the military police as it gave first hand experience with actual convoy movement and traffic control on German autobahns as well as area security under war-like conditions.
	www.hanau.army.mil /709th_Military_Police/BattalionHistory.asp (7120 words)

	Epinions.com - PICNIC ON THE DANUBE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The whole idea being that in addition to the troops already deployed there, more would be flown in from North America and the UK to counter a "Soviet threat." Like all complex military operations this need to be practised to minimise the flaws and problems (stop laughing).
		Earlier in one exercise we were conducting a road move from one training centre to another.
		It was a little more than midway through that first REFORGER exercise that we had the picnic.
	www.epinions.com /content_1707188356 (2763 words)

	Virtual Training for CSS Soldiers
		These exercises were the principal training events for battalion, brigade, and corps commanders and staffs.
		In the 1980s, a REFORGER exercise was a massive effort that required deploying an all-live force of thousands of soldiers and vehicles.
		In the REFORGER exercises conducted in the 1990s, most lower level forces were replaced by simulated units through the use of the Corps Battle Simulation.
	www.almc.army.mil /alog/issues/JulAug03/virtual_training.htm (811 words)

	Advanced Distributed Simulation through the Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol
		For this exercise, CBS was executed at V Corps facilities in Frankfurt, Germany and AWSIM was executed at WPC.
		For Reforger 92, communication reliability challenges faced in the first two exercises were reduced by executing both CBS and AWSIM at WPC.
		The exercise was regarded as a success and demonstrated that many of the ACE-89 problems had been rectified by the ALSP approach.
	ms.ie.org /alsp/papers/camera.htm (5553 words)

	History Content Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This exercise held in January, consisted of more than 600 participants and 47 active duty and retired general officers with training goals of rehearsing and refining operations, planning the activation of a JTF, deploying a JTF, and conducting military options and operations related to a “notional” operations plan.
		The WPC participated in exercise KFOR4 held in Izimr Turkey from August 29th until the 2nd of September.
		This exercise was part of the final planned trial for the IRTF (L) concept.
	www.usafe.af.mil /direct/wpc/History/HistoryContent.htm (1404 words)

	NATO/SFOR Informer: exerc88 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		SFOR trains and exercises regularly to maintain a high level of operational readiness and to ensure that it is fully poised to deal with any eventuality while maintaining a safe and secure environment in Bosnia and Hercegovina.
		Recently a number of exercises have taken place throughout the Theatre of Operations covering a variety of scenarios from threats to SFOR bases to mass-casualty.
		Exercise Blue Light - when help comes fast
	www.nato.int /sfor/indexinf/88/exercises88.htm (113 words)

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