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Topic: Exhaust stroke

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	Four-stroke cycle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At high rotational speeds, consistent flow through the intake and exhaust ports is maintained by allowing the intake and exhaust valves to be open simultaneously at top dead center.
		The momentum of the exhausting gas maintains the outward flow and initiates the induction flow.
		When exhaust ports are close together and feeding into a manifold, the pressure wave of another exhausting cylinder may interfere with the first, trapping exhaust gasses.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Four-stroke_cycle (1579 words)

	Engine Mechanical Operation - Exhaust Stroke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The purpose of the exhaust stroke is to clear the cylinder of the spent exhaust in preparation for another ignition cycle.
		At the end of the exhaust stroke, Stage 1, the piston is located at the far right and is ready to begin another intake stroke after the exhaust valve is closed and the intake valve is opened.
		The random motion of the gas causes to exit the combustion chamber and cylinder as the volume is decreased by the piston motion.
	www.lerc.nasa.gov /WWW/Wright/airplane/engexhs.html (410 words)

	Two-stroke cycle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Instead of the exhaust exiting from a hole in the side of the cylinder, valves are provided in the cylinder head.
		In a cross flow engine the transfer ports and exhaust ports are on opposite sides of the cylinder and a baffle shaped piston dome directs the fresh mixture up and over the dome pushing the exhaust down the other side of the baffle and out the exhaust port.
		The simpler stroke in the fully valved diesel two-stroke cycle is the compression stroke; both valves are closed, and the rising piston compresses the air, heating it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Two-stroke_cycle (2137 words)

	Four Stroke Internal Combustion Engine
		During the power stroke, the volume occupied by the gases is increased because of the piston motion and no heat is transferred to the fuel/air mixture.
		As the volume is increased because of the piston's motion, the pressure and temperature of the gas are decreased.
		The exhaust valve is then opened by the cam pushing on the rocker arm to begin the exhaust stroke.
	www.lerc.nasa.gov /WWW/K-12/airplane/engopt.html (1413 words)

	BASIC TWO-STROKE TUNING (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The compression wave reflected from the exhaust pipe is packing the unburned gasses back in through the exhaust port as the piston closes off the port the start the compression phase.
		The exhaust port would have to be raised and widened to change the port-time-area peak for a higher rpm (9,000 rpm).
		Stroking means to increase the distance from the crank center to the big end pin center.
	www.eric-gorr.com /techarticles/basic_two_stroke.html (3165 words)

	Patent 4206600: Exhaust system for four-stroke internal combustion engines
		The exhaust system according to claim 1 wherein said second pipe only slightly overlaps said first pipe and the space between the end of said overlapping first pipe and the outer wall of said first pipe is filled by a ring-shaped wall.
		An exhaust valve 12 opens and closes valve opening 14 to allow combustion products to pass out of cylinder space 16 between the beginning and end of the exhaust stroke of a piston (not shown) in cylinder space 16.
		1, exhaust gases flow through a valve opening 114 and channel 118 in engine head 110 from cylinder space 116 to an exhaust system 122 when valve 112 is opening during the exhaust stroke of a piston (not shown) in cylinder space 116.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4206600.html (1982 words)

	Four-Stroke Motors: outfitter environmental stewardship in Grand Canyon
		A "stroke" is the movement of the piston from its highest position in the cylinder (top-dead-center) to its lowest (bottom-dead-center), or from the lowest to the highest position.
		Lastly, four-stroke motors draw in the air/fuel mixture and expel exhaust gases on separate strokes of the piston, which means that large amounts of unburned fuel are not released from a four-stoke as in a two-stroke (a fact that also contributes substantially to a four-stroke's much greater inherent fuel efficiency).
		The third stroke in the four-stoke cycle is the power stroke, which begins as the compressed air/fuel mixture is ignited in the combustion chamber.
	www.gcroa.org /Pages/fourstrokediagram.htm (988 words)

	Montana DEQ - Clean Snowmobile Facts - Williford Report - End Notes
		The exhaust gases from the plurality of cooperating cylinders are collected in a common annular exhaust manifold and quietly emitted therefrom through a single exhaust port in a downward direction.
		At the beginning of the exhaust stroke, the exhaust gases are expelled from the engine cylinder through inlet and outlet ports, inlet and outlet passages and slide valves into an exhaust pipe.
		Abstract: A two stroke cycle reciprocating piston internal combustion engine having horizontally opposed cylinders and pistons, scotch yokes and self adjusting sliding blocks for the interface between the scotch yokes and crankpins, and secondary cylindrical pistons to maintain the scotch yokes in perpendicular vertical alignment with the crankpins.
	www.deq.state.mt.us /cleansnowmobile/montana/williford/FINALBU-23.htm (2924 words)

	3.8mustang.com
		Then the exhaust valve closes, intake valve opens, piston goes down and pulls in more air/fuel mixture, valve closes, compression stroke compresses the gas ignition ignites compressed air/fuel mix, at that point with both valves closed the piston is forced to the down position, exhaust valve opens again and the cycle begins all over.
		The exhaust exits the engine through the open exhaust valve in the head, to the header or exhaust manifold, through the catalytic converters, down the pipe to the mufflers, then the tail pipes and out the tip.
		Dual exhaust is not a HUGE mod, but it is necessary of you want to include big mods down the line, such as a turbo, supercharger, etc. With any single mod you wont notice a large difference (well except a shot of nitrous).
	www.3.8mustang.com /articles/exhaustfaq2.shtml (3274 words)

	Diesel Engine Brake \| Banks Power: How an Exhaust Brake Works by C.J. Baker
		This means the pressure in the cylinder is also very close to zero on the exhaust stroke under these deceleration conditions, and zero pressure on the piston top during the exhaust stroke offers no resistance to the piston as it rises.
		If the pressure in the exhaust system, which also bears against the back side of closed exhaust valves in a multi-cylinder engine, exceeds the valve springs’ ability to hold the valves on their seats, the exhaust valves would be forced open and the pistons could strike the valves, causing severe engine damage.
		The pressure at which the exhaust valves can be blown open depends on the valve spring seat pressure and size (area of the valve head) of the valves used.
	www.bankspower.com /tech_howexhaustbrakeworks.cfm (1511 words)

	Animated Engines Two Stroke Cycle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The two stroke engine employs the crankcase as well as the cylinder to achieve all the elements of the Otto cycle in only two strokes of the piston.
		During the downward stroke the poppet valve is forced closed by the increased crankcase pressure.
		Toward the end of the stroke, the piston exposes the intake port, allowing the compressed fuel/air mixture in the crankcase to escape around the piston into the main cylinder.
	www.keveney.com /twostroke.html (283 words)

	Motorcycle Online: How Expansion Chambers Work
		Each time the piston uncovers the exhaust port (which is cut into the side of the cylinder in two-strokes), the pulse of exhaust gases rushing out the port creates a positive pressure wave which radiates from the exhaust port.
		So after analyzing this cut-off straight-pipe exhaust system, tuners realized two things: First, that pressure waves could be created to help pull spent gasses out of the cylinder, and second, that the speed of these waves is more or less constant, though it's affected slightly by the temperature of the air.
		These positive waves would follow the negative waves back to the exhaust port, and if properly timed would stuff the fresh mixture that was pulled into the pipe back into the exhaust port right as the piston closed the port.
	www.motorcycle.com /mo/mcnuts/em-pipes.html (1274 words)

	Exhaust Development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		We need to know the exhaust gas temperature because the exhaust tuned length relies on the speed of sound for the scavenge pulse, where by the speed of sound changes accordingly with exhaust gas temperature.
		Most parameters on the exhaust are hard and fast, the one grey area is to do with the horn coefficient, this is mainly an educated guess on what value to use.
		Now that we have the dimensions for the exhaust, the exhaust then needs to be developed on the CAD system so that the piece parts can then be cut out on the laser machine.
	www.suzuki-rg500.com /exhaust.htm (967 words)

	Exhaust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Exhaust guides are devices placed into the exhaust pipe to straighten out and direct exhaust gases down the tail pipe.
		Exhaust Guides are available in two configurations, 1E140 which is belled on one end so it can be used in the inlet of the Aeroturbine or 1E141 which is belled on both ends to easily be cut into an existing system or straight pipe configuration.
		Banks' 4" constant-diameter Monster exhaust is formed of heavy-duty stainless steel, bolts behind the turbocharger, to slash backpressure and lower exhaust temperatures.
	www.dieselpowerproducts.com /exhaust (997 words)

	Animated Engines, Otto Four Stroke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The four strokes of the cycle are intake, compression, power, and exhaust.
		At the bottom of the power stroke, the exhaust valve is opened by the cam/lifter mechanism.
		Larger four stroke engines usually include more than one cylinder, have various arrangements for the camshaft (dual, overhead, etc.), sometimes feature fuel injection, turbochargers, multiple valves, etc. None of these enhancements changes the basic operation of the engine.
	www.keveney.com /otto.html (278 words)

	Four-stroke cycle - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		On the first downward stroke ( intake) of the piston, a mixture of fuel and air is drawn into the cylinder through the intake valve or valves.
		The air-fuel mixture is then ignited, usually by a spark plug, at approximately the top of the compression stroke.
		The resulting expansion of burning gases then forces the piston downward for the third stroke ( power), and the fourth and final upward stroke ( exhaust) evacuates the spent exhaust gases from the cylinder through the then-open exhaust valve or valves.
	www.free-definition.com /Four-stroke-cycle.html (474 words)

	Mastertech Outboard Boat Motor Repair, Marine 4 STROKE Engine Technology Explained
		A stroke is the movement of the piston in one direction, moving the piston from the top to the bottom of the cylinder is one stroke.
		Efforts to build a 4 stroke outboard in the past have been many and varied, mostly unsuccessful as the design technology and precision production that can be achieved today were impossible to achieve.
		Four strokes are more complex as well as generally much heavier as a result of additional parts EG camshaft, valve train, balance shafts etc. required to complete The power cycle.
	www.maxrules.com /fixtheory1.html (756 words)

	Two-stroke cycle - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The exhaust port does not allow any air in by means of a valve.
		A major problem with the two-stroke engine is the short-circuiting of fresh charge from intake to exhaust which increases fuel consumption and emissions of unburned hydrocarbons.
		Two stroke engines mix lubricant with their fuel (either manually at refueling or by injecting oil into the fuel stream); this mixture lubricates the cylinder.
	www.free-definition.com /Two-stroke-cycle.html (1550 words)

	VIPRATECH::: The FOUR-STROKE CYCLE / OTTO CYCLE by ITC Leipzig
		These are: the Intake Valve (IV), the Exhaust Valve (EV), the Piston (P), the Piston Rings (PR), the Combustion Chamber (CC), the Connection Rod (CR), the Crank Shaft (CS) and the Spark Plug (SP).
		During the intake stroke the intake valve is opened and the piston moves toward the crank shaft.
		At BDC the exhaust valve is opend and the piston moves up the cylinder.
	techni.tachemie.uni-leipzig.de /otto/otto_g0_eng.html (658 words)

	diesel engine, 4-stroke, cycle, fuel, air intake, exhaust, timing, cylinder
		One stroke means one linear motion of the piston in one direction.
		When the piston moves in the opposite direction, that is counted as another stroke.
		Obviously the more the exhaust gas can be driven off, and the more oxygen content the cylinder can contain, the more efficient the combustion of the fuel can be achieved.
	www.free-marine.com /i3diesel4stroke.htm (650 words)

	Back to the Basics
		Now, as the piston moves up on the exhaust stroke, it forces the burned gases out of the cylinder through the exhaust port.
		The four strokes are continuously repeated during the operation of the engine.
		In the Diesel, the fuel is not mixed with the air entering the cylinder during the intake stroke.
	www.siu.edu /~autoclub/frange.html (1018 words)

	[No title]
		Note that during the four strokes of a piston in an internal combustion engine the crankshaft will rotate 720 degrees and the piston will be at each TDC and BDC twice.
		The exhaust valve is opening at a fairly rapid rate, the piston is going up, and if the exhaust valve is not open a lot by the time the piston reaches maximum velocity, there will be resistance in the cylinder caused by excessive exhaust gas pressure.
		Thus at TDC at the end of the exhaust stroke, the intake valve has opened but the exhaust has not closed.
	www.elgincams.com /campaper.html (3010 words)

	Halfbakery: 3-Stroke Engine
		While fresh air is compressing in cylinder #1, secondary exhaust valve in cylinder #2 is opened, pushing remaining gasses out to the atmosphere.
		Steam can have two-strokes, expansion and exhaust, and many are "double-acting" in that they have steam coming in from both sides of the piston alternately.
		The reason I called it 3-stroke is that while the first cylinder is on a compression stroke, the second is actually performing an exhaust stroke, which doesn't exist in a 2-stroke.
	www.halfbakery.com /idea/3-Stroke_20Engine (562 words)

	Snowtech Magazine - Snowmobiles, Snowmobiling, Snowmobile Techncial Data
		Direct Injection must wait for the exhaust port to close before injection can begin, but with SDI, keeping fuel from reaching the exhaust is accomplished by the natural scavenging flow pattern of a high-powered two-stroke.
		Exhaust valves must likewise close slightly after top center in order to be sufficiently open during the exhaust stroke.
		This period around TDC after the exhaust stroke, when both intake and exhaust valves are open slightly, is called overlap.
	www.snowtechmagazine.com /articles/2002/parrallell.php (2583 words)

	Radio Control Nitro Magazine, Two Stroke VS Four Stroke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A stroke is the action of a piston traveling the full length of the cylinder.
		Shortly after the exhaust port is uncovered by the downward travel of the piston, the transfer ports begin to be uncovered.
		At the bottom of the power stroke, the transfer ports, which deliver fresh fuel, are open at the same time as the exhaust port.
	www.rcnitro.com /rn/articles/2str_4str.asp (1292 words)

	engine
		The exhaust valve is open, the intake is closed.
		Once the tip of the rotor clears the exhaust port, the exhaust gases are then forced out of the chamber by the spinning rotor.
		Once the piston clears the exhaust port, the burned gases begin to force their way out of the cylinder.
	gworobec.users.50megs.com /engine.html (480 words)

	The Two-Stroke Cycle
		requires only two strokes of the piston to complete one full cycle.
		stroke for all four events to be completed in two strokes, as opposed to the four-stroke engine
		cool the cylinder and scavenge the cylinder of the remaining exhaust gasses (Figure 22).
	www.tpub.com /content/doe/h1018v1/css/h1018v1_45.htm (369 words)

	Vehicle Exhaust and Stroke
		It included an article about stroke I had also received from my doctor, who said it was from the American Stroke Association's annual meeting in February.
		Sometimes symptoms of a stroke are difficult to identify.
		The stroke victim may suffer brain damage when people nearby fail to recognize the symptoms of a stroke.
	firechief.com /ar/vehicle-exhaust-and8464 (410 words)

	diesel engine, 2-stroke, cycle, combustion, fuel, air intake, exhaust, timing, cylinder
		strokes of the piston the engine has also completed
		it drives out all the exhaust gases in the exhaust stroke.
		L is the stroke length of the piston travel,
	www.free-marine.com /i3why2stroke.htm (316 words)

	RC Groups Discussion - Exhaust Deflector for a 4-Stroke?
		muffler, the usual 2 stroke deflectors will work fine on your OS..70FS.....Keeping one attached to the end of the muffler can be a problem.
		If it is the exhaust coming from the muffler, change the exhaust pipe
		Another possibility for diverting the exhaust gas from the end of the
	www.rcgroups.com /forums/showthread.php?t=230379 (874 words)

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