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	Exilarch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Exilarchs continued to be appointed the eleventh century.
		Regarding functions of the exilarch as the chief for the Jewish population there is the statement preserved only in the Palestinian Talmud Soṭah 20b bottom) that once in the of Huna the head of the school Sura the exilarch was commanded to furnish much grain as would fill a room 40 square ells.
		A synagogal prerogative of the exilarch was in Palestine as a curiosity (Yer.
	www.freeglossary.com /Exilarch (4288 words)

	Exilarch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Such was the exilarchate as it appears in Talmudic literature, the chief source for its history during the first period, and which provide our only information regarding the rights and functions of the exilarchate.
		When the body of the exilarch Huna, who was the first incumbent of that office explicitly mentioned as such in Talmudic literature, was brought to Palestine during the time of Judah I, Hiyya drew upon himself Judah's deep resentment by announcing the fact to him with the words "Huna is here" (Yerushalmi Kilayim 32b).
		Bostanai was the ancestor of the exilarchs who were in office from the time when the Persian empire was conquered by the Arabs, in 642, down to the eleventh century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Exilarch (5387 words)

	EXILARCH - LoveToKnow Article on EXILARCH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Some traditions regarded the last king of Davidic descent (Jehoiachin) as the first exilarch, and all the later holders of the dignity claimed to be scions of the royal house of Judah.
		From the middle of the 7th till the 11th centuries the exilarchs were all descendants of Bostanai, through whom the splendour of the office was renewed and its political position made secure (Bacher).
		In the age succeeding the Mahommedan conquest tife exilarch was noted for the stately retinue that accompanied him, the luxurious banquets given at his abode, and the courtly etiquette that prevailed there.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /E/EX/EXILARCH.htm (468 words)

	Iranica.com - EXILARCH
		The distinction between the communal functions of the exilarch and the spiritual functions of the emerging rabbinic leadership was fairly well defined under the Sasanians, in contrast to the frequent overlapping of authority and function that pitted exilarchs against geonim (heads of academies) under later Arab rule.
		58-80, arguing that the exilarch opposed the Arab conquest).
		Grossman, Rashut ha-golah be bavel bi tekufat ha-geonim (The Babylonian Exilarchate in the Gaonic Period), Jerusalem, 1984.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v9f2/v9f203.html (971 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - EXILARCH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A chronicle of about the year 800—the Seder 'Olam Zuṭa—fills up the gaps in the early history of the exilarch by constructing an account according to which the first exilarch was no less a person than Jehoiachin, the last king but one of the house of David, whom the exilarchs regarded as their ancestor.
		Such was the exilarchate as it appears in Talmudic literature, the chief source for its history during the first period, and from which come the only data regarding the rights and functions of the exilarchate.
		The Seder 'Olam Zuṭa, the chronicle of the exilarchs that is the most important and in many cases the only source of information concerning their succession, has also preserved chiefly the names of those scholars who had certain official relations with the respective exilarchs.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=548&letter=E (4810 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - BOSTANAI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The exilarch lived with her without having married her, and according to the rabbinical law she should previously have received her "letter of freedom," for, being a prisoner of war, she had become an Arabian slave, and as such had been presented to Bostanai.
		The judges were divided in opinion, but finally decided that the legitimate sons of the exilarch should grant letters of manumission to the princess and her son in order to testify to their emancipation.
		Bostanai was exilarch when Persia fell into the hands of the Arabians, and when Ali came to Babylon Bostanai went to meet him with a splendid retinue, whereby the calif was so greatly pleased that he asked for Bostanai's blessing.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=1361&letter=B (1017 words)

	Exilarch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Exilarchs continued to be appointed through the eleventh century.
		Such was the exilarchate as it appears in Talmudicliterature, the chief source for its history during the first period, and from which come the only data regarding the rights andfunctions of the exilarchate.
		After thatthe exilarch rarely goes beyond the gate of his house, where services for the community are held on the Sabbaths and feastdays.When it becomes necessary for him to leave his house, he does so only in a carriage of state, accompanied by a large retinue.
	www.therfcc.org /exilarch-115486.html (4643 words)

	Exilarch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The danger threatening the Palestinian authority was fortunately averted; and about the same time R. Nathan, a member of the house of exilarchs, came to Palestine, and by virtue of his scholarship was soon classed among the foremost tannaim of the post-Hadrianic time.
		Once when certain preparations which the exilarch wasmaking in his park for alleviating the strictness of the Sabbath law were interrupted by Raba and his pupils, he exclaimed, in the words of Jer.
		That the personage of the exilarch was familiar to Muslim circles is also shown by the fact that the Rabbinite Jews were called "Jaluti," that is, those belonging to the exilarch, in contradistinction to the Karaites (ib.).
	www.portaljuice.com /exilarch.html (4858 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - SOLOMON THE EXILARCH: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Eldest son of the exilarch Ḥasdai; ruled from 730 to 761.
		In consequence of a dearth of teachers, he found it necessary to install as head of the Academy of Sura a scholar from Pumbedita, though this was contrary to traditional usage.
		According to Grätz, this scholar was Mar ben Samuel; according to Weiss, Mar Rab Judah ben Rab Naḥman. The fact that Solomon was childless rendered possible the rise to influence of Anan, the founder of the Karaite sect.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=912&letter=S (176 words)

	Encyclopedia: Saadia Gaon
		In a probate case Saadia refused to sign a verdict of the exilarch which he thought unjust, although the gaon of Pumbedita had subscribed to it.
		When the son of the exilarch threatened Saadia with violence to secure his compliance, and was roughly handled by Saadia's servant, open war broke out between the exilarch and the gaon.
		Saadia was attacked by the exilarch and by his chief adherent, the young but learned Aaron ibn Sargado, in Hebrew pamphlets, fragments of which show a hatred on the part of the exilarch and his partizans that did not shrink from scandal.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Saadia-Gaon (2781 words)

	[No title]
		Exilarchate In 750 the Abbasids, led by Abu-l-abbas al-Saffah (750-754) and Al-Mansur (754-775) established a new the Caliphate with its administrative center in Baghdad, a city founded in 762, which was also near the center of rabbinic scholarship in Babylonia.
		A description of the elaborate regal ceremonial court of the Exilarch in the tenth century is found in the Hebrew chronicle Seder Olam.
		His uncle was the Exilarch, and, when he was denied the position of Exilarch in favor of his own younger brother Hananiah, he tried to set up a rival Exilarchate, but he was jailed by the Caliph, Abu Jaafar Abdullah al-Mansur, 754-775.
	www.hebroots.org /hebrootsarchive/9805/980512_h.html (3764 words)

	RabbiWein.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Descended paternally in a direct line from the royal house of Judah and King David, the Reish Galuta was recognized by the governments that ruled that country and its significant Jewish population as being the temporal head of the Jewish community.
		The Exilarch of the time, Ben David, was a difficult personality who attempted to amass great powers for himself at the expense of the rabbinic leadership - Saadia - of the country.
		The Caliph upheld the Exilarch for obvious political and monetary reasons and Saadia was banished from his city and yeshiva.
	www.rabbiwein.com /print.php?sid=683 (679 words)

	Sixty Generations Roots to Babylon?
		"Exilarch" was the title of the head of the Jewish community in Babylon.
		It became extinct in the year 1270 and was revived by Mr Naim Dangoor 700 years later in the year 1970, and he is the present incumbent.
		The office and dignity of Exilarch was hereditary in the royal line, passed down not necessarily to eldest son, but more often to the most suitable candidate.
	www.dangoor.com /73page112.html (438 words)

	THE TANNAIM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Exilarch also lost the right to inflict the death penalty and to supervise local rivers and canals..
		The Exilarch was responsible for civil administration and for the appointment of judges and police.
		The power of the Exilarch was the same as the semi-independent provincial governors, but his influence of Jews shrank as that of the rabbis grew.
	www.chiswick.demon.co.uk /TALMUD4.htm (2968 words)

	[No title]
		The rabbis, gradually engaged by the Exilarch to support his administration, believing they were heirs to the priestly caste as intermediaries between heaven and earth, vehemently felt entitled to be tax exempt like those officials appointed by the Exilarch (BB 8a, Ned.
		The Exilarch, however, was not willing to suffer this loss of prestige or income, especially if more tax burden would fall on the poor and increase their anger against the Exilarch.
		The rabbis' source of power was their role as teachers of what they saw as the pre-existent Torah and the Mishnah, that is the written and oral heavenly teachings that are replicated by holy men on earth.
	www.hebroots.org /hebrootsarchive/9804/980407_f.html (2622 words)

	Mordechai Torczyner's WebShas - Index to the Talmud: Fast Days and Destruction: Historical Exile - Galus
		Rav Nachman, Rav Chisda and Rav Sheshet were by the Exilarch on the second day of a two-day holiday, and a deer was brought which had been caught on the first day and slaughtered on the second day.
		Rafram interceding with the Exilarch on behalf of Raveina: Yuma 78a
		The Exilarch asked Rav Huna bar Chinina to fix up a shady area in such a way that it would be usable for Shabbat.
	www.aishdas.org /webshas/taanis/galus.htm (871 words)

	JewishGates.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		By giving political authority over the Jewish community to the exilarch and the heads of the academic academies, the Abbasids (probably unintentionally) made Babylonia the center of the Jewish world.
		According to tradition, the appointment of a new gaon involved a highly-ritualized ceremony in which the scholars of the two academies and the dignitaries of all the communities in Babylonia, headed by the exilarch, participated.
		The recognition of the gaonate as a political representation of the Jewish community is attested by the fact that on the death of the exilarch his income was given to the gaon of Sura until the appointment of a new exilarch.
	www.jewishgates.com /file.asp?File_ID=69 (1430 words)

	San 5a
		[The Exilarch was recognized by the temporal authorities as the head of the Babylonian Jewish community.
		This implies that the decisions of a judge who is not authorized by the Exilarch are still binding judgments.
		For here [the Exilarch] is called a scepter, and there [the Patriarch] is called a legislator.
	www.aishdas.org /shimoff/san5a.htm (971 words)

	Baha'i Faith - Baha'is Under the Provisions of the Covenant - BUPC
		After Exilarch Isaac ben Moses converted to Shi'i Islam in 817 AD, the Davidic kingship moved to Iran, the royal family living in a castle in the mountainous Persian province of Mazindaran.
		As previously mentioned, the institution which preserved the throne of David in exile for centuries was that of the exilarchs --the exiled Davidic monarchy of the Jews which continued the everlasting royal descendancy of David in Mesopotamia near today's Baghdad, Iraq.
		The Eighth Imam, ar-Rida, converted the exilarch to Islam at a religious conference in Khorasan, Persia, in 817, a conference which was summoned at the request of the Caliph al-Mamun.
	www.bupc.org /islam.html (12105 words)

	Anan - ‘Anan and the Exilarchate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		On a certain Sunday, the affair was discovered by the government, and the order was given that ‘Anan be imprisoned until the following Friday, when he was to be hanged on the gallows as a political rebel.
		Given that the author of this “history” takes great pains to attribute every evil adjective he can fit on the page to ‘Anan (wicked, deceive, crafty, impious, etc.), it should be clear to anyone that this is nothing more than a Rabbanite attempt to discredit him.
		Additionally, the Exilarch at the time of ‘Anan was Yishaq Isakoi Ben-Shelomoh, not Hananyah.
	www.orahsaddiqim.org /History/Hakhamim/Anan_-_Anan_and_the_Exilarchate.shtml (693 words)

	Saadia Gaon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Saadia Gaon (892-942), the Hebrew name of Said al-Fayyumi, was a prominent Jewish exilarch, philosopher, and exegete.
		Born in Upper Egypt in 892 CE, he died in Babylonia at Sura in 942 CE.
		Saadia addressed a warning to him, and in Babylon he placed his knowledge and pen at the disposal of the exilarch David ben Zakkai and the scholars of the academy, adding his own letters to those sent by them to the communities of the Diaspora (922 CE).
	usapedia.com /s/saadia-gaon.html (2627 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: History of the Jews
		The exilarch and the head of the school of Sora, with his new name of Gaon (658), were of equal rank.
		The exilarch, both in bearing and in mode of life, was a prince.
		Thus it came to pass that the Jews scattered through the Mohammedan world persuaded themselves that in Abraham's own country there survived a prince of the Captivity who had regained the sceptre of David.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08386a.htm (12637 words)

	Saadia Gaon
		The Exilarch during Saadia's youth was David ben Zakkai (no relation to Yochanan ben Zakkai).
		News of the controversy came to the ears of the caliph.
		He informed Saadia that the exilarch had right of way.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/SaadiaGaon.html (877 words)

	I2680: Zutra I Exilarch at BABYLON (0370 - 0413)
		I2680: Zutra I Exilarch at BABYLON (0370 - 0413)
		_Abba Abra Mar Exilarch at BABYLON _+
		(0300 - 0370) _Kahani I Exilarch at BABYLON _
	www.afn.org /~lawson/d0015/g0000018.html (133 words)

	Adherents.com
		The Muslims granted Anan and his followers the religious freedom to practice Judaism in their own way.
		Karaim, from the root kara, 'to read', and so called because they relied on the 'reading' of Scripture in itself, rejecting the Rabbinic interpretations of Scripture found in the Talmud.
		The story that the sect was founded by Anan ben David when he was passed over for the position of exilarch in Babylonia, is viewed with a degree of scepticism by modern scholars while they acknowledge that Anan was a prominent Karaite leader.
	www.adherents.com /Na/Na_412.html (3317 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: History of the Jews
		Mohammedan world, but these restrictions do not seem to have been carried out during his lifetime.
		Islam's fourth caliph, Ali (656-661), the Jewish community of Irak (Babylonia) became more fully organized and assumed the appearance of an independent state, in which the Talmudic schools of Sora and Pumbeditha flourished again.
		Thus it came to pass that the Jews scattered through the
	www.photius.com /religion/history_of_the_jews.html (13160 words)

	Beth Suryoyo Assyrian (Othuroyo) Forum: ATTENTION IVAN KAKOVITCH: ARAMEAN EXILARCH IS=MUHAMMAD SHAMSADDIN ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Written by Aramean myth on 24 Jan 2005 08:24:49:
		So this shows, this man is sick and created another name to post under to add validity to his sick claims, this is all a part of his disgusting agenda.
		Re: ATTENTION IVAN KAKOVITCH: ARAMEAN EXILARCH IS=MUHAMMAD SHAMSADDIN MEGALOMMATIS!
	www.f21.parsimony.net /forum37811/messages/33891.htm (150 words)

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