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Topic: Existence values

Related Topics

Contingent valuation

Utility

Market value

Statistical survey

Exxon Valdez oil spill

Response bias

Burden of proof

Preference

Antarctica

Prima facie

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	Existence
		Existence cannot be explained within one single discipline, because, first of all, it involves phenomena which cannot be comprehended by our material senses and, secondly, cannot be comprehended within the time and space of the limited essence of matter.
		The appearance of a motion value which is capable of exciting a particle causes a portion of the energy to become entrapped and the association phenomenon causes the particles to collect around those which have acquired higher values and which have turned in to cores.
		The existence cycle ends at this phase; the matter out of which the celestial body was composed return to the surrounding values and a new cycle begin again upon the appearance of a value capable of generating existence.
	ong.altervista.org /articles/existence.htm (20188 words)

	Existence value - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Existence values are an unusual and somewhat controversial class of economic value, reflecting the benefit people receive from knowing that a particular environmental resource, such as Antarctica or the Grand Canyon, exists in a relatively untouched state.
		They are sometimes termed non-use values as they do not require that any direct utility is gained from the resource: the utility comes from simply knowing the resource exists.
		These values are commonly measured through contingent valuation surveys and have been actionable damages in the US since State of Ohio v United States Dep't of Interior.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Existence_value (135 words)

	Forest Valuation For Decision Making - Lessons of experience and proposals for improvement
		The origin of existence value can be traced to John Krutilla who in 1967 proposed that economists should not just assign values to goods and services that are directly consumed, but should also attribute a value to the knowledge that a particular wilderness, endangered species or other object in nature exists (Nelson, 1996).
		Existence value is the satisfaction people obtain from an amenity for various reasons other than their expected personal use.
		Existence value measures the value of forests as carbon sinks, and as preservers of biodiversity."
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/003/W3641E/W3641E15.htm (1008 words)

	Proposition 3
		Economic values that are not reflected in markets, such as recreational and amenity values of wildlife and their habitats, may be a major part of a project’s economic benefit.
		In principle, the existence value could be held for any object or condition that people are attentive to, including hydroelectric dams, wild salmon, reservoirs, Caspian terns, democratic government, etc. Generally, we expect existence values to be greatest for unique "public goods", such as the Grand Canyon, endangered species, and clean air.
		The existence value for a doubling of the Columbia River salmon runs from a baseline of 2.5 million fish/year under the Northwest Power Planning Council's 1987 plan was estimated by Olsen, Richards, and Scott (1991).
	www.webpages.uidaho.edu /~joelh/IEAB/Prop3.htm (1481 words)

	Personal Values & CB (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		To say a person "has a value" is to say that he or she has an enduring belief that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally and socially preferable to alternative modes of conduct or end-states to existence (Rokeach, 1960).
		Since individual values are embedded within value hierarchies, rather than existing in isolation, a person is forced continually to compare the relative importance of the values in his or her value hierarchy.
		It is crucial that the concept of a value be understood as a basis for influencing a person’s attitude and/or behavior.
	www.cbt.wiu.edu /John_Drea/values.htm (1735 words)

	Passive Use Values of Wild Salmon and Free-Flowing Rivers
		Existence values are defined as the benefit received from simply knowing the resource exists even if no use is made of it.
		The value per household from Washington residents was used with 93% of this value for residents in the rest of the Pacific Northwest and California.
		The incremental passive use values for the increase in anadromous fish due to the dam breaching is ranges from a high of $879 million for households in the Pacific Northwest and California to a low of $66 million with a middle range between $142 and $508 million.
	www.nww.usace.army.mil /lsr/reports/misc_reports/passive.htm (3508 words)

	SSRN-Existence Value and Federal Preservation Regulation by David Dana
		Existence values (or more precisely, the desire to prevent the loss of existence values) provide a powerful positive account of how the federal political process, despite concerted opposition by well-organized business interests, has at times come to restrict the degradation of natural spaces that few out-of-state residents are likely to ever visit or otherwise use.
		Existence values also provide a strong normative account of why such restrictions are, from a societal vantage, presumptively welfare-maximizing.
		The principal claim of those who reject the use of existence values as a rationale for federal regulation is that existence values are nonmeasurable and hence unsuitable for consideration in public policy.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=480188 (801 words)

	Deontological vs. utilitarian values for natural resources
		Deontological values tended to be seen as protected against tradeoffs with other goods (especially gains of other goods, as opposed to preventing losses), concerned with existence rather than human experience, fundamental values rather than means to other ends, and more connected with active causing of harm than with letting harm happen.
		Values are reflectively endorsed by the judge: in Olympic skating, national origin of the skater may influence judgments, but most judges do not reflectively endorse it, so it is not a value in the present sense.
		The sense of values differs from those studied in the traditional social psychology of attitudes, where values tend to be inferred from endorsement of general statements of importance without quantitative information and without specific acknowledgment of tradeoffs.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~baron/env.html (6341 words)

	Wikipedia:Neutral point of view - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		By value or opinion, on the other hand, we mean "a piece of information about which there is some dispute." There are bound to be borderline cases where we're not sure if we should take a particular dispute seriously; but there are many propositions that very clearly express values or opinions.
		That the Beatles was the greatest band is a value or opinion.
		To state as a fact that "the existence of God is an opinion", while seeming to be sensitive to the issue, implies that there is no fact being discussed ( postmodernism or strong agnosticism), or that it is relatively unimportant ( secular bias).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view (5744 words)

	Wetland Processes and Values
		The difficulty with determining the value of a wetland is that valuation can be a subjective assessment, particularly the valuation of indirect use, future use, or existence values.
		In more complex cases involving endangered wetland species found on private property, the government attributes a value to the preservation of the species and regulates the development of the private property, although the property owner may not value the organism at all or values it less than he does other possible land uses.
		A familiarity with the functions and values of an ecosystem such as a wetland can improve decision making today and protect values that may be held by future generations as well.
	www.water.ncsu.edu /watershedss/info/wetlands/funval.html (417 words)

	Estimating Values for Australia's Native Forests - Chapter 3 Appraising the Values of the Forest: the theory as ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Appraising the Values of the Forest: the theory as practised
		Existence value is the benefit we receive by knowing that the existence of other values is secure.
		It is of note that 'Hoehn and Randall have shown that independent estimation of the component parts [of Total economic value], followed by their summation, is not formally identical to TEV estimated by a sequential procedure in which, say, existence value is estimated first, then 'site' experience value, then activity related values at the site.
	www.deh.gov.au /pcepd/economics/estimating/estim2.html (3182 words)

	Existence Value
		Existence value presents another challenge to benefit cost analysts.
		conceptual discussion of the necessary conditions and motives for existence value.
		For an example of how existence value is used on benefit cost analysis see: "Estimation of the Value of Public Goods Generated by Improved Sport Stadiums and Arenas Using the Contingent Valuation Method," Bruce K. Johnson and John C. Whitehead, Contemporary Economic Policy, forthcoming.
	core.ecu.edu /econ/whiteheadj/5000/ch08/ch08out.htm (200 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Marine Protected Areas: Tools for Sustaining Ocean Ecosystem (2001)
		Cultural Landscapes Human values associated with marine ecosystems are related to understanding the relationships between components of the ecosystem and processes of change that occur (Kempton et al., 1995).
		Putting a dollar value on these assets is contentious and technically difficult, but economists and others argue that attempting to compute some reasonable values is preferable to letting them be undervalued in a political process that often undervalues public goods (Hoagland et al., 1995).
		It should also be pointed out that assigning a monetary value to the existence of whales engenders a vigorous debate because some people consider such calculations irrelevant and possibly immoral—a misguided attempt to put all human values in economic terms.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309072867/html/42.html (8657 words)

	Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Philosophers are usually concerned with concepts such as existence or being, morality or goodness, knowledge, truth, and beauty; historically most philosophy has also centred on religious beliefs.
		One might say philosophy is a discipline that critically examines fundamental, abstract beliefs and values, according to a loose set of general methods.
		By "fundamental, abstract beliefs and values" one generally refers to universal traits such as existence, or to common and long-standing perspectives which large sections of society have applied in daily life, whether to specific fields like economics, or the more general one of merely living.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/philosophy_1 (2633 words)

	Philosophical Dictionary: Erasmus-Extrinsic
		A thing's possession of its essential properties is necessary either for its individual existence or, at least, for its membership in a specific kind.
		Kant pointed out that existence is not a predicate, and Frege proposed that it is a second-order property of those first-order properties that happen to be instantiated.
		Expected value may be calculated as the sum of the products of each possible outcome and the relative likelihood that it will occur.
	www.philosophypages.com /dy/e9.htm (1601 words)

	A Critique of the use of Existence Values in the Evaluation of Water Resources Development Projects - Storming Media
		Emphasis on incorporating the magnitude of shifts in the value of environmentally-oriented goods and services into project decision making, however, gives rise to the need for adequate techniques for measuring potential benefits and costs in monetary terms.
		Economic valuation involves consideration of the direct use of environmental resources through such activities as recreation and commercial fishing.
		Existence values can be defined as the satisfaction an individual receives from simply knowing an environmental amenity exists, or will continue to exist, even though the individual will never use it.
	www.stormingmedia.us /47/4771/A477172.html (271 words)

	Philosophy - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Philosophers are usually concerned with concepts such as existence or being, morality or goodness, knowledge, truth, and beauty ; historically most philosophy has also centred on religious beliefs, or coincided with science.
		Many philosophers are curious about the world, humanity, existence, values, understanding, and the nature of things.
		On the contrary, the existence of fields like Pataphysics indicates a lengthy debate beyond the scope of this article.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Philosophy (2633 words)

	Conflict and Co-existence of Values on Virginia's Northern Neck in the Revolutionary Era
		Rather than being either disconnected visionaries who ignored material realities or hypocrites who espoused one principle while practicing another, they embraced both standards so deeply as to shape in sometimes contradictory ways their analyses of and responses to the economic world in which they operated.
		Paradoxically the values of friendship and commerce often proved to be interdependent as well as antithetical.
		They were semantically affiliated because staking a claim to the "higher" standard of friendship or criticizing the "baser" conduct of others required that both claimant and audience be acquainted with and acknowledge the existence of both standards.
	www.vahistorical.org /publications/abstract_tillson.htm (287 words)

	Allah: the only source of existence and human values, The Milli Gazette, Vol. 2 No. 12
		It is clear from these references from the Qur’an that Allah, or the God, is the ultimate source of all forms of existence in all parts of the universe and that this is not limited to Muslims or believers alone.
		The values of justice and equity emanate from Allah Himself.
		To sum it up, Islam teaches us that Allah, or the God, is the only source of all forms of existence in our universe and from Him alone stem the supreme values of peace and human brotherhood.
	www.milligazette.com /Archives/15062001/36.htm (1651 words)

	Syllabus for Core Studies 10: Knowledge, Existence, and Values (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		We will look at a few of the most important problems considered in the western philosophical tradition and at how some of that tradition's most prominent thinkers have attempted to solve those problems.
		The issues we will consider include questions about the existence of God, about the possibility of knowledge and how it differs from mere belief, and about the source of moral value--about what makes an action right or wrong.
		Some of the general skills that will be developed in the class include the formulating, evaluating, and defending of viewpoints and the ability to analyze and think critically about difficult and abstract issues.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~jwood/core10.htm (732 words)

	Rivers: Existence and Sport Values for Doubling the Size of Columbia River Basin Salmon and Steelhead Runs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Resource economists and regional planners have generally conceded that much of the importance of the doubling goal stems from an assumption that Pacific Northwest residents-those paying the costs of the mitigation and enhancement effort-place an existence value on improvements to the fishery.
		This article (1) summarizes the results of an existence valuation study using a state-of-the-art contingent valuation approach, (2) provides a set of initial guidelines to be followed in conducting existence valuation studies, and (3) summarizes the results of a new sport value study for salmon and steelhead fishing in the Pacific Northwest.
		The recommendation is made that existence and sport values be considered in mitigation and enhancement decisions.
	www.frii.com /~sel/abstracts/2-1-36.html (275 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Philosophers ponder such concepts as existence or being, morality or goodness, knowledge, truth, and beauty.
		The existence of fields such as pataphysics point to a lengthy debate that is beyond the scope of this article (see meta-philosophy).
		Descartes, who is often called the father of modern philosophy, proposed that philosophy should begin with a radical skepiticism about the possibility of obtaining reliable knowledge.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Philosophy (4068 words)

	Th Quote: abstractions either have an "eternal" existence (values, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Th Quote: abstractions either have an "eternal" existence (values,...
		Quote: abstractions either have an "eternal" existence (values, concepts) or a temporary, tangible existence (objects)
		there seem to exist two quite different types … "eternal" existence … The latter tends to be true of what … The "eternal" abstractions are usually known as values … Google-1 Google-2
	www.thesa.com /th/th-61-34-55-th-51-46-39.htm (80 words)

	Philosophy. Everything you wanted to know about Philosophy but had no clue how to find it.. Learn about Philosophy here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Philosophers are curious about the world, humanity, existence, values, understanding, and the nature of things.
		Philosophy can be distinguished from other disciplines by its methods of inquiry.
		On account of the widespread emphasis on Western philosophy as a reference point, the study, preservation and dissemination of valuable but not widely known non-Western philosophical works faces many obstacles.
	encyclopedia.lockergnome.com /s/b/Philosophy (2403 words)

	A critique of the use of existence values in the evaluation of water resource development projects (IWR report) - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A critique of the use of existence values in the evaluation of water resource development projects (IWR report) - jewishbookmall.com Info and Reviews
		Book / A critique of the use of existence values in the evaluation of water resource development projects (IWR report)
		A critique of the use of existence values in the evaluation of water resource development projects (IWR report)
	www.jewishbookmall.com /shop/asinsearch_B0006P0CUM.html (146 words)

	Lotus Notes/Domino: Create a view based on the existence of duplicate values in multiple fields (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		While you save the document, during that time do the checking and have extra fields populated to dispaly the values.
		Like if there is no one in the StaffCompleted field at all then one of the results is a Not Categorized Completed for that document.
		The NotCompleted's for the same document all show up in the right place (since there are values in that field).
	www.experts-exchange.com /Applications/Email/Lotus_Notes/Q_20436608.html (727 words)

	SYLLABUS
		Knowledge Existence, Value: Core 10 Studies, Fall 2004
		The aim of this course is to: 1) to introduce students to characteristic philosophical methods in order to help them think clearly and critically about arguments by 2) working through some important, foundational philosophical works in the areas of epistemology, metaphysics, and ethics.
		St Aquinas “The Existence of God” (H) Knowledge and Reality
	userhome.brooklyn.cuny.edu /wps/Core10syll.htm (425 words)

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