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Topic: Existentialist feminism

	Feminism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Feminism began during The Enlightenment with such thinkers as Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and the Marquis de Condorcet championing women's education.
		Feminism became an organized movement in the 19th century as people increasingly came to believe that women were being treated unfairly.
		Opponents of feminism claim that women's quest for external power, as opposed to the internal power to affect other people's ethics and values, has left a vacuum in the area of moral training, where women formerly held sway.
	www.americancanyon.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Women's_liberation (3751 words)

	Beauvoir, Simone de [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		In Sartrean terms, she sets up a problem in which each existent wants to deny their paradoxical essence as nothingness by desiring to be in the strict, objective sense; a project that is doomed to failure and bad faith.
		However, Beauvoir is also emphatic that even though existentialist ethics uphold the sanctity of individuals, an individual is always situated within a community and as such, separate existents are necessarily bound to each other.
		Woman's passivity and alienation are then explored in what Beauvoir entitles her "Situation" and her "Justifications." Beauvoir studies the roles of wife, mother, and prostitute to show how women, instead of transcending through work and creativity, are forced into monotonous existences of having children, tending house and being the sexual receptacles of the male libido.
	www.iep.utm.edu /b/beauvoir.htm (9431 words)

	Feminism biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Feminism is a social theory and political movement primarily informed and motivated by the experience of women.
		Feminism is generally said to have begun in the 19th century as people increasingly adopted the perception that women are oppressed in a male-centered society (see patriarchy).
		This mostly Western debate about feminism should not distract from the fact that the major goal of the feminist movement in the 21st century is to improve the situation of women in non-Western countries.
	feminism.biography.ms (3836 words)

	Articles - Feminism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Feminism is a diverse collection of social theories, political movements, and moral philosophies, largely motivated by or concerning the experiences of women, especially in terms of their social, political, and economic situation.
		Feminism as a philosophy and movement in the modern sense may be usefully dated to The Enlightenment with such thinkers as Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and the Marquis de Condorcet championing women's education.
		However, the basic values of feminism (gender equality of rights and opportunities) have become so integrated into Western culture as to be accepted overwhelmingly as valid, and non-conformity to those values characterized as unacceptable, by the same men and women who reject the label "feminist".
	www.gaple.com /articles/Feminism (3673 words)

	Sex, Lies & Feminism by Peter Zohrab: Appendix: Women's This, Women's That, and Women's The Other Thing: Historical ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Feminism is a commitment to women's well-being, to pursuing justice instead of patriarchy, but the substance of women's well-being is not necessarily known in advance." (Pellauer: "Moral Callousness and Moral Sensitivity: Violence against Women", in Andolsen et al.
		To fully understand Existentialist Feminism, one would have to understand Existentialism, and it would be outside the scope of this book to digress into the details of Existential theory.
		The splintered nature of Postmodern Feminism is the inevitable result of the fact that none of the various factions of Feminism have been able to construct an explanatory theory.
	www.geocities.com /peterzohrab/appendix.html (14151 words)

	Smaller Feminist Schools: From Equity To Gender
		This is a highly philosophical feminism pioneered by the renowned Simone de Beauvoir.
		Existentialist feminists also address the objectification of the female person and body within the male system, which is also a product of our "Otherness".
		Gender feminism, which some consider to be a branch of Radical feminism, is one of the leading schools of thought within mainstream feminism.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/13914/76807 (505 words)

	Mouse Words: Philosophy and feminism
		If you must label my brand of feminism in philosophical terms, I would probably be an existentialist.
		Though my brand of feminism is a hodge-podge, there is no doubt that the primary text that has influenced my way of thinking has been The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir.
		The existentialist view is that we are a bunch of animals mucking around and the only hope for humanity is focus on that which elevates us--art, music, whatever.
	mousewords.blogspot.com /2005/02/philosophy-and-feminism.html (2367 words)

	Association for Women in Science
		Existentialist Feminism is a system of thought that explains how social inequality is not caused directly by biological differences but rather by the value that society assigns to biological differences.
		Radical feminism attempts to differentiate between biologically-determined behavior and culturally-determined behavior in order to free both men and women, as much as possible, from narrow gender roles.
		Post-Colonial Feminism is the idea that patriarchy continues to dominate and that culture, science, and technology of the colonizer remain superior.
	www.serve.com /awis/m_02fallferg.html (886 words)

	FeministPlanet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Liberal feminism affirms that there should be equality for everyone, since all people are created equal.
		Sexism is seen as defeating the purpose of maintaing a strong workforce because it creates barriers for an overwhelmingly large population that consists of women.
		Liberal feminism has been denounced by those who believe that it focuses soley on the most surface forms of sexism, while doing nothing to break down the internal ideological formations which subordinate women to men.
	www.feministplanet.com /femtypes.asp?id=2 (165 words)

	Untitled Document
		According to the Encyclopedia of Feminism, “the ultimate goal of consciousness raising is highly political: to achieve fundamental changes in society, and not merely to help individuals to adjust”.
		Liberal feminism seeks to reform the laws and customs that have included women and gain access for women on an equal basis with men.
		Unlike radical feminism, socialist feminists refuse to treat economic oppression as secondary; unlike Marxist feminists they refuse to treat sexist oppression as secondary.
	www.depts.drew.edu /wmst/corecourses/WMST112/WMST112_Glossary.htm (4537 words)

	Feminist Issues in Prostitution
		Radical feminism opposes prostitution on the grounds that it degrades women and furthers the power politics of the male gender.
		This is necessary because feminism is vibrant and changing, particularly in the case of radical feminism and liberal feminism, which either reinvent themselves or transform with time.
		With the exception of existentialist feminism, the other four feminisms discussed rely all too often on stereotypical notions of the personal lives of prostitutes by focusing too much attention on one socio-economic group at the expense of examining the wide diversity of experiences, values, and beliefs of prostitutes.
	www.feministissues.com (4026 words)

	PHILOSOPHY 3345 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Since feminism is a movement and not a doctrine-laden school of thought, there are many conceptions among its adherents as to what constitutes feminist philosophy.
		The first goal of the course is to enable students to develop an understanding of the complexity and diversity of feminist thinking.
		Th Sept 12 Feminism and Philosophy, "The Moral Significance of Birth," Mary Ann Warren, pp.
	www.uca.edu /divisions/academic/philosophy/Courses/philosophy_3345_feminist_philosophy.htm (1319 words)

	LN#3: Feminism, Feminist Philosophy, and Male-Bias (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Plato does not see women’s lives and characters as entirely determined by their anatomy: This is his main claim to feminism.
		Plumwood: Plato’s “feminism” is secondary to his rational meritocracy--his hierarchical social theory.
		Even if nature is organic, the state is organic, and harmony in the self and state requires reason ruling over appetite and emotion, nature is female (even if kind, benevolent female) and female qua female is hierarchically associated within organism with lower parts of the self (appetite and body).
	www.macalester.edu /~warren/courses/LN3FemMalebias.htm (1787 words)

	Die Sichtbarkeit des Unsichtbaren
		Simons, Margaret A. "Beauvoir and the Roots of Radical Feminism." In Selected Studies in Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy, edited by Stephen Watson and Lenore Langsdorf.
		A shorter version was reprinted as "The Second Sex: From Marxism to Radical Feminism," in Feminist Interpretations of Simone de Beauvoir, edited by Margaret A. Simons, 243-262.
		"Ethics, Feminism and Postmodernism: Seyla Benhabib and Simone de Beauvoir." Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities 20.
	www.phenomenologycenter.org /simone2.htm (3224 words)

	Postmodernism, Feminism & Identity
		The main problem that I would cite between Feminism and Postmodernism is the bridging of feminist activism and postmodernism's deconstructionism.
		Feminism regains an activist position by admitting that although "we all have authority...
		Instead of nihilism, postmodernism creates a stronger, more encompassing feminism whose members are not contained by identity categories but are instead existing among a web of identities.
	members.aol.com /ThryWoman/PFII.html (1465 words)

	FEMINISM FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		On the other hand, many feminists question the use of the term ''feminist'' to groups or people who fail to recognize a fundamental equality between the sexes.
		Some feminists, like Katha_Pollitt (see her book ''Reasonable_Creatures'') or Nadine_Strossen (President of the ACLU and author of ''Defending Pornography'' treatise on freedom of speech), consider feminism to be, solely, the view that "women are people." Views that separate the sexes rather than unite them are considered by these people to be ''sexist'' rather than ''feminist''.
		Postcolonial feminists criticise Western forms of feminism, notably radical_feminism and its most basic assumption, universalization of female experience.
	www.gottogetflowers.com /ru:feminism (3554 words)

	Women
		Existentialist feminism references the work of Simone de Beauvoir and her book The Second Sex.
		As existentialists, both de Beauvoir and Sartre defined a human as that being whose being is not to be.
		French literary theorists of the 1970s and 1980s, such as Hélène Cixous, Luce Irigaray, and Julia Kristeva, have argued instead that it is in women's difference, understood in poststructuralist terms, that women may find the source of liberation from a phallocentric discourse.
	faculty.weber.edu /kmackay/ws3050_existentialism.htm (619 words)

	Orble - Academic Medium
		But then there is existentialist phenomenology that originated from Martin Heidegger which throws the whole premise for Epistemology’s support for existentialism and phenomenology into doubt.
		This because the quest for knowledge is challenged through the premise of being That is despite their differences they both support Epistemology's quest for knowledge irrelevant of whether being is an individual existence(Existentialism) or social phenomena(Phenomenology).
		So according to existentialist phenomenology therefore I exist before the knowledge exists and my being exists before that knowledge is established.
	www.orble.com /academic-medium (2108 words)

	Postmodern feminism in 3 pages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Postmodern Feminism is a particular kind of Postmodernism and a particular kind of feminist theory that has become prominent in feminist thinking over the last couple decades.
		Criticism of radical feminism include that it suggests that men and women are two separate species with no commonality and that it romanticizes women and interactions between women.
		A major critique of Postmodern Feminism is its seeming identification of women with the feminine and the biological body.
	home.comcast.net /~georgenagogo/writings/pmf.html (1726 words)

	Charlotte Witt, Feminism and the Philosophical Canon
		Hence, whether feminists re-read and reform the philosophical canon in relation to the "us" of women or the "us" of feminism, they are inevitably drawn into important controversies that are debated in feminist philosophy today.
		Therefore, the notion of reason that we have inherited, whether we are empiricists or existentialists, requires critical scrutiny.
		The question of Plato's feminism is debated in half of the contributions to Feminist Interpretations of Plato ed.
	www.uh.edu /~cfreelan/SWIP/Witt.html (6713 words)

	Feminist Ethics
		Proponents of these varied schools of feminist thought maintain that the destruction of all systems, structures, institutions, and practices that create or maintain invidious power differentials between men and women is the necessary prerequisite for the creation of gender equality.
		Ecofeminists add another concern to this analysis: In wanting to give her adopted child the best that money can buy, an affluent woman might not realize how her spending habits negatively affect not only less fortunate women and their families, but also many members of the greater animal community and the environment in general.
		Like existentialist feminists, psychoanalytic and cultural feminists seek an explanation of women's oppression in the inner recesses of women's psyche.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/feminism-ethics (10044 words)

	Non Est - Volume 7, Issue 5
		Talk about "feminism" in the singular is much like talking about "all religious people" as a monolithic group.
		In contrast to this gynocentric perspective, liberal feministsoften depicted as the compromising old guardalong with postmodernist critics of feminism often depicted as the dangerous, flash-in-the-pan, nasties on the blockboth ardently oppose the notion of a distinctively feminine worldview.
		Liberal feminists oppose it because of their egalitarianism, and the postmodernists oppose it because they oppose anything distinctive at all (except, of course, for their own rather well-padded metaphysic which they pretend not to see).
	www.credenda.org /issues/7-5nonest.php (735 words)

	Existentialist Feminism
		In her world-view, the woman is not always powerless and does not always need to be dependent in a male-female relationship.
		De Beauvoir appears to exalt all women as possessing the capacity to realize their innate power in the sense of the feminine warrior spirit.
		A man may think he is in charge of a situation by virtue of his power to degrade and subdue a woman, but with a woman of competence and spirit this “power” is not incontrovertible.
	www.feministissues.com /existential_fem.html (360 words)

	Existentialist feminism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The beginning of existentialist feminism is usually attributed to the publication of the translation of Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex in the U.S. This book incidentally is considered to have started the second wave of feminism.
		Later on those feminists who have based their thinking on those philosophers classified (rightly or wrongly) as "existentialist" are also taken to be "existentialist feminists," such as Mary Daly.
		This page was last modified 18:02, 9 April 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Existentialist_feminism (113 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		(or by appointment) Feminism is one of the most important voices in the debate in contemporary political theory.
		Feminist thought draws on the history of political philosophy to formulate and answer two basic questions: what does it mean to be a human being and what are the principles of justice that need to be applied between the sexes based on such an understanding.
		The various schools of feminism explored are Liberal Feminism, Marxist Feminism, Radical Feminism, Ecofeminism, Psychoanalytic and Gender Feminism, Existentialist Feminism, Postmodern Feminism, and Multicultural and Global Feminism.
	www.unlv.edu /committees/curriculum/fall03/agenda11_21_03/POS478cr.doc (2178 words)

	4000941
		Theorizing feminism: Parallel trends in the humanities and social sciences.
		The Dilemma of Socialist Feminism: A Case for Black Feminism.
		Scott, J.W. Deconstructing equality-versus-difference: or, The uses of poststructuralist theory for feminism.
	www.sfu.ca /~ebalka/4000w96.htm (1331 words)

	Phenomenology Online: Scholars;
		Her works of fiction focus on women who take responsibility for themselves by making life-altering decisions, and the many volumes of her own autobiography exhibit the application of similar principles in reflection on her own experiences.
		She explains that, "far from suffering from being a woman, I have on the contrary, from the age 21, accumulated the advantages of both sexes." The Second Sex caused outrage across the world and launched feminism as a serious force.
		Karl Jaspers was generally recognized as a existentialist philosopher, a psychologist and theologian.
	www.phenomenologyonline.com /scholars/scholars.html (9009 words)

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